高考英语二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(十)如何理理清句间结构之递进
比熊和泰迪的区别-北大考研成绩查询
2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(十) 如何理理清句间结构
之递进
句子间的递进关系是指在阐述中心论点时，各层次之间是环环相扣、逐层深入的关
系，前一
部分论述是后一部分论述的基础，最后推导出文章的结论。递进标志词有：besides,
furthermore, in addition to ..., even, more
than that等。利用递进关系可推出文段大意并准确
解题。
[高考典例1]
2017•全国卷Ⅱ•阅读七选五
When people try to interrupt
you, have set hours planned and let them know to
come back
during that time or that you'll find
them then. __38__. It can help to eliminate (消除)
future
interruptions.
A．If you're busy,
don't feel bad about saying no
B．When you want
to avoid interruptions at work
C．Set
boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes
D．If you're in the other person's office or in
a public area
E．It's important that you let
them know when you'll be available
F．It might
seem unkind to cut people short when they
interrupt you
G．Leave it open when you're
available to talk and close it when you're not
[分析] 空前一句说“当有人试图打扰你时，提出新的沟通时间，让他们在预约时间过来或
者
你去找他们”，空格后说“这样做能帮助你消除未来受到打扰的可能”；空格前后构成递进
关系。选E。
[高考典例2] 2017•江苏卷•B篇
It turns out that baby
redbacked fairy wrens (鹪鹩) also emerge chirping
like their moms. And
the more frequently
mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar
were the babies' begging
calls. In addition,
the team set up a separate experiment that
suggested that the baby birds that
most
closely imitated their mom's voice were rewarded
with the most food.
[分析] 本段中In
addition为递进关系的标志词；其前说明了一种研究成果；其后说明了另
外一种研究方式。
[高考典例3] 2015•浙江卷•阅读理解第二节
61．________ No
need to get all bent out of shape about going to
see the professor. The
professor would
actually like to see you and answer your e it or
not, he or she is
on your side and is eager to
see you do besides, he or she has seen many
students
stupider than you, so nothing you're
going to ask will set the record for stupidity.
A．Come in with something to say.
B．Prepare
general comments.
C．Bring materials with you.
D．Don't make them wait.
E．Have no fear.
F．Go it alone.
[分析] 本段中besides为递进关系的标志词；其前
叙述了教授喜欢见到你，也喜欢回答你
的问题；其后叙述了教授见到过许多比你笨的学生；这种层层递进
的叙述方式是在支撑该段
的主题：“不要害怕”(Have no
fear.)，即61题。故选E。
[高考典例4] 2018•全国卷Ⅰ•完形填空
During my second year at the city college, I
was told that the education department was
offering
a “free” course, called Thinking
Chess, for three credits. I 41(jumped_at) the idea
of taking the
class because, after all, who
doesn't want to 42(save) a few dollars? More than
that, I'd always
wanted to learn chess. And,
even if I weren't 43(excited) enough about free
credits, news about
our 44(instructor) was
appealing enough to me. He was an international
grandmaster, which
45(meant) I would be
learning from one of the game's 46(best). I could
hardly wait to 47(meet)
him.
[分析] 本段中More
than that为递进关系的标志词，表明作者学习这门功课的心情在逐步
增强。
[课下语篇提能练]
40分钟
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019•南昌市一模)Alongside air and
water, food is a necessity for human beings to
survive and
thrive. But it's a lot more than
that. As Mariette Dichristina of Scientific
American wrote, “The
most intimate (亲密的)
relationship we will ever have is not with any
fellow human being.
Instead, it is between our
bodies and our food.”
Nowadays, for most
people in the world's wealthiest countries, food
is a hobby, an enthusiasm,
and even something
fashionable.
Turn on the TV in the US, UK or
France, and you'll find at least one channel
feeding this popular
obsession.
And most
of us know at least one person who thinks of
themselves as a “foodie”. It's almost
impossible nowadays to check our social media
apps without at least two or three photos of
delicious meals appearing on our screen.
But behind the fancy recipes and social media
bragging (夸耀), many of us forget how much we
take food for granted. This is why World Food
Day is held each year.
Take Kenya for example.
This east African nation has been suffering
terrible droughts. The
result is that
people are beginning to starve. Children in
particular are suffering, with
some of them
even dying.
This may seem shocking to know,
especially as many cultures outside of Africa
think of food in a
completely different way.
But even in the UK, families on low incomes are
forced to use food
banks — European
organizations that hand out donated food to those
who can't afford to pay for
it themselves.
So what can we do on World Food Day? One good
way to spend it would be to feel humble and
appreciate what we have. After all, food is
essential for survival, but not everyone is as
lucky as
we are when it comes to dinner time.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。许多人将美食当作嗜好，他们在社交媒体上晒美食照片，享
受着
美味食品，认为美食是理所当然的，但是他们并没有想到在世界的许多地方人们还忍饥
挨饿，这就是世界
粮食日成立的原因。珍惜粮食，从我做起！
1．According to Mariette
Dichristina, what has the closest relationship
with us?
A．Air. B．Water.
C．Food.
D．Human beings.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段中Mariette
Dichristina所写的“The most intimate (亲
密的)
relationship we will ever have is not with any
fellow human being. Instead, it is between
our
bodies and our food.”可知，我们最亲密的关系不是人与人之间的关系，而是我们的身体
和食物之间的关系；据此可知，Mariette
Dichristina认为和我们关系最亲密的是食物，故C
项正确。
2．What
does the underlined word “foodie” in Paragraph
4probably mean?
A．Delicious food. B．A person
fond of food.
C．A social media app. D．A photo
of delicious meals.
解析：选B
词义猜测题。根据第四段中的第二句“It's almost impossible nowadays
to check our
social media apps without at
least two or three photos of delicious meals
appearing on our
screen.”可知，这些人最喜欢在社交媒体软件上晒美食照
片；结合画线词所在句子中的“thinks
of themselves as a
‘foodie’”可以判断，该处画线词指人，故foodie意为“美食爱好者”，
故B项正确。
3．Who can get help from food banks?
A．Poor
people in the UK.
B．Poor people in Africa.
C．Starving children in Kenya.
D．People in
the droughtstricken.
解析：选A
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的最后一句“But even in the UK, families
on low
incomes are forced to use food banks
...who can't afford to pay for it themselves.”可知，即
使是
在英国，低收入家庭也被迫要使用食物银行；该组织是一个向那些无钱购买食物的人捐赠食
物的欧洲组织。据此可知，贫穷的英国人可以获得食物银行的帮助，故A项正确。
4．What's
the best title for the text?
A．Treat Food as a
Hobby
B．Time to Appreciate Food
C．Food
Shortage in Some Countries
D．How to Spend
World Food Day
解析：选B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，许多人将美食当作嗜好，他
们在社交媒体软件上
晒美食照片，享受着美味食品，但是他们并没有想到在世界的许多地方人们还忍饥挨
饿，这
就是世界粮食日成立的原因。据此推断，B项正确。
Ⅱ.完形填空
On
Monday, April 20, we experienced heavy rain and
fierce winds. During a break in the weather
on
Tuesday morning, I __1__ decided to drive into
town to buy some food.
I left the supermarket
around 10 am. __2__， as I drove the six kilometers
back to my home, the
weather took a __3__ for
the worse. It was raining very __4__ and I was
forced to take a __5__ I
don't usually travel.
Nearing my town, I watched as the water level on
the road __6__ in front of
me. I had nowhere
to go.
The driver of a fourwheel drive
signaled from his car to tell me not to try and
cross the __7__
road. Then I noticed a man in
his early 30s in his front yard __8__ the
situation. He quickly waved
to me to come and
__9__ in his driveway away from the rushing water.
The man called Trent then invited me to wait
__10__ the rain inside his house. I told him I was
concerned about the __11__ to my father's car,
which I was driving, __12__ the continuing rain
started to turn into hail (冰雹). Trent then
took a cover from his garage and __13__ my car to
protect it from the hail. __14__， his efforts
saved Dad's car from being destroyed by the hail.
While waiting for the __15__ to improve, I
learned that Trent had __16__ his job ten months
ago
and was trying his hand as a local
handyman (做零活的人) to make ends meet.
By 12：30
pm the rain __17__ so I asked Trent if he thought
it would be safe enough to __18__
the road —
he told me it was. As I left, I insisted on __19__
two of his business cards, and my
father has
since called Trent to offer him __20__ as a
handyman at our place doing various small
jobs.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者描述了他在一场大雨中得到好心人的帮助的经历。
1．ly B．carefully
C．stupidly
D．mentally
解析：选C 由下文提到的作者遭遇的恶劣天气可知，作者贸然开车出去买食物
的决定是“愚
蠢地(stupidly)”。
2．s B．Therefore
C．Instead D．However
解析：选D 由下文“我”因大雨无法继续前
行回家可知，“我离开超市时没有下雨”和“开
了一段之后天气突然‘变得糟糕(took a
turn for the worse)’”之间是转折关系，故用However。
3．
B．turn
C．manner D．pattern
解析：选B 参见上题解析。
4．y B．normally
C．heavily D．regularly
解析：选C 因雨下得“太大(heavily)”，“我”被迫改“道(road)”驱车回家。
5． B．road
C．risk D．market
解析：选B
参见上题解析。
6． B．arrived
C．fell D．disappeared
解析：选A 由下文的“I had nowhere to go.”和“the rushing
water”可知，由于雨势太大，
“我”前面的路面积水“升高(rose)”。
7．
B．wide
C．quiet D．dangerous
解析：选D 由上文可推知，路面
积水升高使得道路“危险(dangerous)”，因此一位司机示
意告诉“我”不要试图穿过道路。
8．ng with B．dealing with
C．messing up
D．sizing up
解析：选D 由下文那位叫Trent的男子向“我”招手示意去他家躲避来
势汹汹的大雨可知，
这位三十岁左右的男子在他家前院“检查(sizing up)”路面情况。
9． B．park
C．wash D．stay
解析：选B
由下文的“wait __10__ the rain his
house”可知，Trent让“我”把车“停到(park)”
他家。
10．
B．for
C．out D．behind
解析：选C
Trent是“我”回家路上遇到的一位好心的陌生人，他邀请“我”去他家“等
待雨停(wait
out the rain)”。
11．ch B．reaction
C．damage D．attention
解析：选C
由下文的“saved Dad's car from being destroyed by the
hail”可知，“我”担心父
亲的车因冰雹而“受损(damage)”。
12．
B．if
C．so D．but
解析：选A
“我担心父亲的车受损”和“一直下的雨开始变成冰雹”之间是因果关系，故
用as。
13．
B．cleaned
C．measured D．covered
解析：选D
Trent从车库拿出一个外罩是为了“遮住(covered)”“我”的车以免被冰雹砸坏。
14．ly B．Secretly
C．Interestingly
D．Fortunately
解析：选D 由“his efforts saved Dad's
car”可知，“庆幸的是(Fortunately)”，Trent的举措挽
救了父亲的车，使其避
免被冰雹砸坏。
15． B．water
C．weather D．business
解析：选C “我”到Trent家是为了等“天气(weather)”好转。
16．
B．lost
C．kept D．finished
解析：选B 由下文的“as a
local handyman (做零活的人) to make ends
meet”可知，通过做
零活勉强糊口的Trent“失去(lost)”工作已经十个月了。
17． B．poured
C．stopped D．continued
解析：选C 由下文“it would be safe enough”和“As I left”
可知，12：30的时候雨“停(stopped)”
了，于是“我”问Trent是否足够安全可以“
上路(hit the road)”。
18． B．hit
C．follow
D．build
解析：选B 参见上题解析。
19． B．accepting
C．signing D．borrowing
解析：选A “我”与Trent认识之前他
就在做零工，因此“我”离开时坚持要“拿走(taking)”
两张他的名片。
20．
B．work
C．service D．transport
解析：选B 由“at
our place doing various small
jobs”可知，父亲之后常打电话给Trent提
供做零活的“工作(work)”。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019•深圳市调研)Visiting Xi'an was once
my became a reality when I was admitted to
a
training course in China along with two other
__1__ (lady)．Finally, the day arrived
__2__
I landed at Xianyang International Airport in
early soon as I landed, I
__3__ (feel) a
change in the atmosphere.I saw people standing in
queues __4__ (wait)
for their turn at the
immigration ards, we were transported to the
office in the
International Exhibition had
invited participants __5__ twentythree
developing countries to share digital
television broadcasting techniques with them.
In my 20 days in Xi'an, I got the
opportunity to observe Chinese culture closely,
__6__ thus it
left an unforgettable mark on
, Xi'an is like my second I came back to
Pakistan, I have been missing Xi'an __7__
(bad)．
My 20day stay in Xi'an was __8__
great was a learning opportunity, and also
a
chance to __9__ (broad) my understanding of
diversity.I learned that despite differences
of colors, heights, races and religions, all
human beings __10__ (tie) by the bond of
humanity, and that the future of nations is
global with development and peace.
语篇解读：作者通过去西
安参加一个培训课程的经历，增强了对中国文化的了解，并感叹文
化是不分国界和种族的。
1．ladies 考查名词复数。数词two后应接可数名词的复数形式，故填ladies。
2．when 考查状语从句。句意：八月初，当我降落到咸阳国际机场时，那一天终于到来了。
设空处引导时间状语从句，故填when。
3．felt 考查动词时态。根据从句时态提示词“l
anded”并结合语境可知，主句也应用一般
过去时，故填felt。
4．waiting
考查非谓语动词。此处为“see＋宾语＋宾补”复合结构，wait与people之间
为主动关系，
且wait表示的动作正在进行，要用现在分词作宾补，故填waiting。
5．from
考查介词。设空处表示“来自……”，故填介词from。
6．and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知
，句中不缺少成分，且空格前后是两个并列分句，且
是递进关系，故填and。
7．badly 考查副词。修饰谓语动词have been
missing应用副词，故填badly。
8．a 考查冠词。experience作“经历”讲
时，是可数名词，因此此处用不定冠词表示泛指，
故填a。
9．broaden
考查动词。不定式符号to后接动词原形，故填broaden，意为“增长；扩大”。
10．are
tied 考查动词时态和语态。主语human
beings是复数，与谓语动词tie之间为被动
关系，且叙述的是一般事实，故填are
tied。
Ⅳ.短文改错
Dear Peter，
I am so
pleasing to hear from you and am writing to
introduce our school to you. When you enter
the school gate, you can see a wonderful
fountain in front your left is the teaching
building, a tallest building in our school.
The specially designed art center is on your
right, that is
very beautiful. Walking on
further, and you'll find our lab building. Besides
it, there lies the sports
ground, where we
held every sports nding with trees, our school
provides a
comfortable learning environment.
Welcome to our school. I believe you will have
a nice time here because of our various school
activity. The teachers and students here are
nicely and friendly. Waiting for your coming.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：第一句：pleasing→pleased
第二句：front后加of
第三句：a→the
第四句：that→which
第五句：去掉and或Walking→Walk
第六句：Besides→Beside;
held→hold
第七句：Surrounding→Surrounded
第九句：activity→activities
第十句：nicely→nice