2012湖南高考英语-手机短信大全

一. 定语从句的功用和结构

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或 代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词
叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句 的关联词有关系代词
和关系副词。例如：

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.

Do you know everybody who came to the party?

I still remember the night when I first came to the village?

This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.

二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从 句之间起纽带作
用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系
待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。

1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数
须和先行词一致。例如：

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

2. 作宾语

She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.

3. 作定语

关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

4. 作状语

I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

This is the house where I was born.
三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：
The person who broke the window must pay for it.
The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：
Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?
Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：
The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
I know the boy whose father is a professor.
4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：
I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.
Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?
6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
This is the house where we lived last year.

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

四. 关系代词whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语 时，可以和介词一起
放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which 与先
行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the
room

which we had lived in for ten years.

五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：

1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：

(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。
例如：

All that he said is true.

(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：

He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.

(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：

He was the second (person) that told me the secret.

(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

This is the best book (that) I have read this year.

(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：

He talked about the people and the things he remembered.

2. 只能用which，不用that的情况：

(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如：

The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.

(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：

The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.

【范例】

1. (2004年哈尔滨试题)

---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?

---Yes, he does.

A. which B. whose C. where D. who

【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词 的选择。因为先
行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。

2. (2004年常州市试题)

The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.

A. who B. where C. what D. that

【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词< br>是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。

3. (2004年扬州市试题)

---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?

---He has gone back to Qinghua University.

A. whom B. who C. whose D. which

【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先
行词是人，而关系代词又在定 语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。

4. (2004年益阳市试题)

I hate people _______ talk much but do little.

A. whose B. whom C. which D. who

【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。

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+n.
+enough
切记：不定代词+enough
希望你能采纳我的答案！
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添加评论
leevel03 | 2009-07-06 17:34:15
有0人认为这个回答不错 | 有0人认为这个回答没有帮助
enough一词在英语中既 可放在被修饰的词之前，又可放在被修饰的词之后。因此很多同学觉得
enough 很难理解。其实这涉及到enough的词性问题。请看下面几个例句：


1. He is not old enough to go to school. 他年龄太小，不能去上学。


2. But there were not enough people to pick them. 但是没有足够的人采摘它们。


3. Six bottles of wine will be enough. 六瓶葡萄酒就够了。


要想搞清楚上面3个句子中enough的词性及含义，得先掌握它的用法规律。


[一号档案] enough作副词用时，意为“充分地；足够地”，通常要把它 放在所修饰的形容词、
副词或动词的后面，常与不定式或介词for连用。如：


1. You don't practise enough at the piano. 你钢琴弹奏练习得不够。


2. Is the river deep enough for swimming? 河水够深来游泳吗？


[二号档案] enough作形容词，意为“充足的；足够的”，在句中可作定语或表语。作定语时，
一般放在它所修饰的名词前面。如：


1. I have enough money to buy a colour TV set. 我有足够的钱买台彩电。


2. Fifteen minutes is enough time for you to have a coffee. 15分钟够你喝杯咖啡了。

[三号档案] enough也可作代词用，意为“充分;足够”。如：


I have had enough, thank you. 谢谢你，我吃饱了。


看了 以上有关enough的用法档案，同学们不难发现：在例句1中，enough是副词，作状语，用
来 修饰形容词old；而在句2中，enough是形容词，作定语，修饰名词people;句3中enough 是
代词。