need的用法
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2021年01月28日 20:21
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Need
的用法
1.
need
是英语中两个比较特殊 的动词之一（另一个是
dare
）
，既是
及物动词又是情态动词。
作 情态动词用多见于英国英语中，
而且仅用
在否定句和疑问句中
。如：
肯定
否定
疑问
情态助动词
——
He needn
’
t go.
Need he go?
及物动词
He needs to go.
He doesn
’
t need to go.
Does he need to go?
2. need
作情态助动词通常不用在肯定句中（
*He need go now.
）
,
但
在表示怀疑或否定概念的主句之后的宾语分句里或主语分句里，
可以
用情态 助动词的肯定形式。
如：
I don
’
t think you/ he need go just yet.
I wonder if we need take sleeping-bags.
The only thing you need to do is (to) fill in this form.
(=You don
’
t need to do anything else
。
)
All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport.
情态 动词
need
的肯定式主要用在正式文体中。
在非正式文体中，
need作及物动词用也许更普遍。如：
I wonder if we need to take sleeping-bags.
I don
’
t think he needs to go just yet.
The only thing you need to do is (to) fill in this form.
3. need
没有过去、
现在的时态区别。
如果要表示过去时间可用
“
need
have + -ed
分词”的结构。
如：
Need you have told him about my plans?
You needn
’
t have told him about my plan.
据
CGoEL, You need not have done it.
几乎等于
You did not need to do
it.
但是，
need have+-ed
分词结构隐含有与事实相反的意思，
need to
的结构则没有。
如下一句中，
我们就不能用
need not have said
来代替
did not need to say:
Anne
was
too nervous to
reply,
but
fortunately
she did
not need
to
say
anything.
编者注：
did not need to say anything
指
Anne
并没有说任何的话。
如果改为
need not have said
则指
Anne
说了话，但是不必要。
据
PEU
，
needn
’
t have + -ed
分词与
didn
’
t need to
的意思不一样（这与
CGoEL
的说法有些不一样）
。试比较：
She needn
’
t have hurried. (It wasn
’
t necessary to hurry, but she did.)
She
didn
’
t
need
to
hurry.
(It
wasn
’
t
necessary
to
hurry;
we
don
’
t
know
whether she did.)
I needn
’
t have gone to the station. (I made an unnecessary journey.)
I didn
’
t need to go to the station. (It was unnecessary to go
—
I don
’
t say
whether I went or not, but I probably didn
’
t.)
DCE
持与
PEU
同样的观点：
He needn
’
t have gone.
这句话表示他去过
了，但
He didn
’
t need to go.
这句话，我们不清楚他是否去过。
4. needn
’
t
在间接引语里可以保持不变，或由
didn
’
t / wouldn
’
t have
to
来代替。如：
“
You needn
’
t come in tomorrow,
”
he said.
→
He said I needn
’
t / didn
’
t have to come in the next day.
5.
回答
need
的疑问句，可用下面形式：
--Need they leave now? (BrE) / Do they need/ have to leave now?
--Yes, they must/ have to/ need to.
--No, they needn
’
t.
回答
Need you have hurried / written, etc?
的疑问句可用下面形式：
Yes, I had to. / No, I needn
’
t have.
6. need
用作名词时，常带介词
of
或
for.
据
EPI
，只有
need
在意思上跟它用做完全动词的动宾部分相一致时，
才能用
(have) need of
，
即：
to need sth.
→
to have need of sth.
。
如：
We have no need of your advice.
He had need of five hundred Francs.
I have no need of doctors.
当
need
指
“迫不得已的情况”
(compelling circumstances)
或在意思上
与助动词
need
相应的时候，
用
need for
（多用于
there be
结构）
表示。