短暂性动词与延续性动词用法解析
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2021年01月28日 20:26
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短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法及练习
短暂性动词是指动作一旦发生就立即结束。< br>它不能和一段时间连用。
这类动
词有：
go, come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry
等；短暂性动词的肯定式不< br>能与表示一段时间的
for
或
since
或
how long
等状语连用。例如：
His father got ill. I have received his letter.
但是，不可以说：
His father got ill for a week.
I have received his letter for three days.
在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：
We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
I suppose something must have happened to her.
延 续性动词是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间。
如：
live, work, study, learn, sleep
等，
延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。
值得注意的是 ，表示一段时间的状语除了
“
for+
一段时间
”
外，还有
since+n./
从句
（时间点）
，
since+
时间段
+ago
，疑问词
how long
，
in the past+
时间段，
all these+
时间段，
from…to
（时间点）以及
till/until+n./
句子等等。例如：
How long _______ your brother joined the army?
A. has
B. had
C. is it since
D. was there that
通过审题，答案
B
和
D
很容易被排除，但是 稍不注意便会选中答案
A
；殊不知
how long
为一段时间的状语，不能与非延续性动词短语
has joined
连用，所以这
题的正确答案是
C
。
另外，动词的延续性与非延续性还体现在这两种句型中：
延续性动词的肯定式
+till/ until
短暂性动词的否定式
+till/ until
请看例句：
We waited until he came.
I didn’t go to bed until my father came back home last night.
如果短暂性 动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，
必须将短暂性动词改为延续性
动词。
现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换
：
arrive→be here
begin(start)→be on
die →be dead
come back→be back
1
/
5
leave →be away (from)
fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)
get up→be up
go out
→be out
finish →be over
put on
→wear
或
be on
open →be open
join →be in
或
be a member of…
close →be closed
go to school→be a student
borrow →keep
buy/get
→have
catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)
get to know →know
begin to study→study
come to work→work
move to → live in
finish/end → be over
come to → be in
sit down → be seated
marry → be married
dress → be dressed
等
如：
He has been a soldier for three years.
他参军三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.
他父亲去世二年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes.
电影已开始十分钟了。
We have studied English for three years.
我们（开始）学英语已三年了。
How long can I keep this book?
这本书我可以借多长时间？
除了用上面的转化形式之外，还可以用其他的表达形式：
A. It is/ has been+
时间
+since……
（动词用过去式）
，
B.
主语
+
谓语（过去时）
+
时间
+ago
。
例如：
It’s five days since I received his letter.
His father died three years ago.
看一个句子可以用以下几种说法：
他离开上海已经
3
天了。
He left Shanghai three days ago.
He has been away from Shanghai for three days.
He has been away from Shanghai since three days ago.
It is/ has been three days since he left Shanghai.
Three days has passed since he left Shanghai.
几点注意事项
:
（
1
）
have been(to)
与
have gone( to)
的区别：
2
/
5