新概念第二册课文和翻译
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新概念英语第二册课文及翻译
Lesson 1 A private conversation
私人谈话
Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The
play
was
very
interesting.
I
did
not
enjoy
it. A
young
man
and
a
young
woman
were
sitting
behind
me.
They
were
talking
loudly.
I
got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked
at
the
man
and
the
woman
angrily(
状语
).
They
did
not
pay
any
attention.
In
the
end,
I
could
not
bear
it.
I
turned
round
again.
'I
can't
hear
a
word!'
I
said
angrily.
‘It’s
none
of
your
business,'
the
young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation!'.
上星期我去看戏。我的座位很好,戏很有意思,但我却无 法欣
赏。一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后,大声地说着话。我
非常生气,
因为我 听不见演员在说什么。
我回过头去怒视着那一
男一女,
他们却毫不理会。
最后 ,
我忍不住了,
又一次回过头去,
生气地说:
“
我一个字也听不见了 !
”
“
不关你的事,
”
那男的毫不
客气地说,
“
这是私人间的谈话!
”
【
NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
】生词和短语
★
private
adj.
私人的
it's
my
private
letter/house
;美式英语
private
school:
私立学校
英式英语:公学
ETON (private school)
privacy
:隐私
it's a privacy. adj.
《
Private Ryan
》
private soldier
:大兵
1
private life
:私生
Letter n.
首字母
public
:公众的,公开的
public school
;
public letter
公开信
;
public place :
公共场所
★
conversation
n.
谈话
uni verse
转动
uniform
Uni-- bi--tri--quar-pent-sex/hex-sept-oct-nov---dec
Bilateral trade
双边贸易
triangle
quarter
pentagon sex
古罗马历法
10
个月
---12
凯撒大帝
julis---July
七月
屋大维
augusto--August
八月
September
九月
(
原七月)
---septwolves
October
十月(原八月)
---octopus
November
December----
decade
subject of conversation
:话题
辨析:
conversation, dialogue, talk, chat
这些名词均含
“
交谈
”
之意。
conversation
:
一般用词,
指两个或更多人互相交换意见的交
谈。
talk
:
通用词,
可与
conversation
换用,
但当
talk
用作复数
时指正式交谈。
如
six- party talks
六方会谈
/
phone talks
电话
会谈
/
peace talks
和谈(和平谈判)。
2
dialogue
:
指
“
对话
”
,
多指剧中的对白。
chat
:
指熟人之间非常随便的交谈,
强调谈话的亲密和非正式
性。
★
theatre
n.
剧场,戏剧
cinema:
电影院
★
seat
n.
座位
have a good seat(place)take a seat :
座下来,就座
take your seat/take a seat
Is the seat taken?
这个座位有人吗?
no/yes
sit down ,please
seat
take your seat,please
be seated,please
更为礼貌
seat
是及物动词,后面有宾语
sit
是不及物动词,后面不加宾语
seat
后面会加人
; seat sb;
seat him;
seat sb.:
让某人就座
he is sitting seat him;
〖语法精粹〗
When all those present(
到场者
)_D_ he began his lecture.
seated
★
play
n.
戏
★
loudly adv.
大声的
★
angry
adj.
生气的
3
cross=angry
I was was cross.
annoyed:
恼火的
;
I was annoyed. I was angry/cross.
I was very angry.
be blue in the face; I am blue in the face.
★
angrily
adv.
生气的
副词修饰动词
★
attention
n.
注意
Attention ,please.
请注意
pay attention :
注意
pay attention to :
对什么注意
You must pay attention to that girl.
pay a little attention :
稍加注意
pay much attention :
多加注意
pay more attention :
更多注意
pay no attention
:
不用注意
pay closeattention
密切关注
链接
1
)
draw/catch/arrest/attract one
’
s attention
吸引某人注意力
2
)
turn one
’
s attention to ...
把注意力转向„
3
)
focus/fix one
’
s attention on
集中注意力于„
4
)
distract/divert attention from...
分散注意
4
★
bear(bore,borne)
v.
容忍
I can't bear/stand you
endure :
忍受
,
容忍
endurable
put up with :
忍受
I got divorced.I could not put up with him
suffer:
遭受
,
忍受
(
精神或肉体上
)+
痛苦
I suffer the headache.
Suffer from
He often suffers defeat.
bear/stand/endure=put up with
忍受的极限在加大
bear n.
熊
white bear
bear hug :
热情
(
热烈
)
的拥抱
give sb a bear hug
★
Business
n.
事
Business man :
生意人
business card /name card
名片
do Business:
做生意
Harvard business college
on Business:
出差
I went to Tianjin on Business.
thing
可以指事情
,
也可以指东西
It's my Business
私人事情
=It's none of your Business=None of your
Business
★
rudely
adv.
无礼地,粗鲁地
rude adj.
5
【课文讲解】
Last week
go to the theatre
see a film,go to the cinema
go to the +
地点
表示去某地干嘛
go to the doctor's
去看病
go to the dairy
去牛奶店
go to the +
人
+ 's
表示去这个人开的店
go to the butcher's
买肉
go to school:
去上学
go to church:
去做礼拜
go to hospital(
医院
):
去看病
go to the Great Wall
go home;
跟
Home
相连一定表示没有事情可做
,
回家休息
I am at Home
enjoy, enjoy oneself:
玩的开心
have a passion for
热爱
enjoy+sth :
喜欢
,
从当中得到一种享受
I like something very much./I love something.
I enjoy the class.
I enjoy the music.
I enjoy the book.
enjoy the dinner/film/program/game
6
were sitting :
当时正座在
过去进行时态
:
过去的某个时间正在发生的动作
一个故事的背景往往用进行时态描述
I+be+v(ing)
The girl was reading a book in the garden.A boy came to her.
The girl is reading a book in the garden.
got :
变得
,
表示一种变化
,got angry
I am/was angry
是一个事实
I got angry:
强调变化过程
It is hot.
It got hot.
got
取代
be
动词
,got
是一个半联系动词
,
可以直接加形容词
说话的时候喜欢用缩略
.I'm not,he isn't,they aren't
写的时候会说
:I am not,he is not,they are not
I didn't do sth,I did not do sth
hear:
听见
hear+
人
:
听见某人的话
I could not hear your pardon?
I
couldn't
hear
you./I
couldn't
hear
a
word./I
couldn't
catch
your
word.
I couldn't hear you clearly./I couldn't catch your words.
Beg your pardon? /I couldn't catch your words.
7
turn round:
转头
I could not bear it./you./the noise.
I can't hear a word.
hear a word, a word
等于一句话
May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim?
写作当中的第一步从完整句子开始写起
sitting behind
behind:
在
...
后面
in front of :
在
...
前面
(
相对静止的概念
)
before :
在
...
前面
(+
词、句子、一定和时间相连
)
above:
在
...
上面
ahead of:
在
...
前面
(+
时间、位置
)(
动态的行为
)
He arrived before six o'clock.
Before he came back
Ahead of time
He goes ahead of me.
any
——
用在否定句和疑问句中
some
——
用在肯定句中
none
——
没有任何东西、没有任何人
None
knows./None
of
us
knows.
not any=no
not
——
否定词
,
要放在非实义动词后面
8
He didn't pay attention
no
——
形容词、修饰名词
I don't have any friends./I have no friends.
I have no time./I don't have any time.
【
KEY STUCTURES
】
关键句型
Word order in simple statements:
简单陈述句的语序
陈述句一定是有主语< br>,
有动词
,
有宾语
,
有句号
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
when?
Who?
Action
Who?
How?
Where?
When?
Which?
Which?
What?
What?
---
主语一般有名词或代词构成
you can use the smartphone.
The girl
(
sitting over there )gives me an apple.
who is sitting over there
定语
修饰
的
非谓语动词
(
现在分词
ing
,过去分词
ed
,动词不定式
to do
)
sitting over there =who is sitting over there
简短
Me
间接宾语
apple
直接宾语
2 ---
谓语由动词充当
9
3 ---
宾语
4 ---
副词或介词短语
,
对方式或状态提问
,
往往做状语
I like her very much
5 ---
地点状语
6
---
时间状语可以放在句首或句末
I
like
the
girl
very
much
in
Beijing last year.
简单陈述句一定不能少的是主语
主语
——
>
动 词
——
>
宾语
——
>
状语
状语
:
放在最前面是副词
,
方式状语
,
表示状态
/
程度的状语
,
下面
是地点
,
然后是时间
1.
主语和动词不能少
2.
如果时间和地点连在一起
,< br>先放地点
,
再放时间
如果问何时何地
,
是一个固定搭配
when and where
练习:
排列句子
The little boy; an apple; this morning; ate greedily; in the
Kitchen.
The little boy ate an apple greedily in the Kitchen this morning.
排列句子
game;
played;
yesterday;
in
their
room;
the
children;
quietly
The children played game quietly in their room yesterday.
10
Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch?
早餐还是午餐?
It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in
bed until lunch time.
Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It
was dark outside.
'What
a
day!'
I
thought.
'It's
raining
again.'
Just
then,
the
telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.' I've just arrived by train,' she
said. 'I'm coming to see you.' 'But I'm still having breakfast,' I said.
'What
a
re
you
doing?'
she
asked.
‘I’m
having
breakfast,'
I
repeated.
'Dear
me,'
she
said.
'Do
you
always
get
up
so
late?
It's
one
o'clock!''
那是个星期天,而在 星期天我是从来不早起的,有时我要一直
躺到吃午饭的时候。上个星期天,我起得很晚。我望望窗外,外
面一片昏暗。
“
鬼天气!
”
我想,
“
又下雨了。< br>”
正在这时,电话铃
响了。是我姑母露西打来的。
“
我刚下火车,”
她说,
“
我这就来
看你。
”
“
但我还在吃早饭,
”
我说。
“
你在干什么?
”
她问道。
“
我正在吃早饭,
”
我又说了一遍。
“
天啊,< br>”
她说,
“
你总是起得这么晚吗?现在已经
1
点钟了!
”
11
until
1. prep.
到„为止,
在„以前
I
stayed
up
until
four
o
’
clock
trying
to
get
my
assignment
done.
(用作介词,
引出时间状语)
我熬夜到四点以完成功课。
非谓语动词:
现在分词
ing
过去分词
ed
动词不定式
to do
汉语
重
意合
英语
重
形合
后面加
(
时间状语
)
从句
,
前面就是主句
1) His father didn't die until he came back. (
肯定
)
直到他回来
,
他爸爸才死。
2) His father was alive until he came back.
(
否定
)
直到他回来为止
,
他爸爸都是活着的。
conj.
到„为止,
在„以前,
直到„才
Nothing is learned until you can use it.
(该句中是用作连词,
因
为它后面跟的是句子)
★
outside
adv.
外面作状语
He is waiting for me outside.
Inside
adv.
It is cold outside.
★
ring()
v.(
铃、电话等
)
响
(
刺耳的
)
The telephone(door bell) is ringing.
给某人打电话
: ring sb.
12
Tomorrow I'll ring you.
打电话
(
名
) : give sb. a ring
remember to ring me/remember to give me a ring
★
ring a bell
提醒,
使„想起
(听力必备词汇)
Does this name ring a bell?
这个名字是否让你想起点什么?
n.
环状物
,圆圈
,
戒指
The kids sat in a ring around the teacher.
孩子们围坐在老师周围。
The Lord of the Rings
《指环王》
landlord n.
地主
★
aunt
n.
姑
,
姨
,
婶
,
舅妈
uncle:
叔叔
sibling
n.
兄弟姐妹
cousin:
堂兄妹
offspring
n.
descendant
n.
nephew:
外甥
niece:
外甥女
Vi.
不及物
Vt.
及物动词
★
Would you mind repeating your question please?
你能重复一遍
你的问题吗?
History always repeats itself.
历史总在重演。
Anyone can make a mistake, but only a fool repeats it.
人人皆犯
错,
只有傻瓜一犯再犯。
★
repeat + that
„
She repeated that she had no interest in this field.
她一再说她
对这个领域不感兴趣。
13
→
n. repetition
His second book is full of repetition.
他的第
二
本书有许多重复之处。
→
adj.
repeated
repeated
mistakes
老出的错
/
warnings
不
停的警告
→
adv. repeatedly
He visited her family repeatedly, begging her
to marry him.
他一再地拜访她家,求她嫁给他。
1. What a day!
感叹句,
用来表示说话人的喜怒哀乐,
一般用感叹词
how
或
what
引导,
how
修饰形容词或副词,
what
修饰的中心词是
名词。
What
引导的感叹句基本结构:
①
What
+
a/an
+形容词+可数名词
(单数)
+主语+谓语
!
(主谓可省)
What a beautiful day
(
it is
)
!
②
What
+形容词+可数名词复数
(或不可数名词)
+主语
+谓语!
What cute puppies
(
these are
)
!
What lovely weather
(
it is
)
!
How
引导的感叹句基本结构是:
How
+形容词
/
副词+主语+
谓语
How terrifying the experience is!
2. It
’
s raining again.
14
“下雨了!”
有多种表达法。如:
It
’
s drizzling.
(毛毛雨)
It
’
s raining cats and dogs.
(大雨瓢泼)
I will be there for you, rain or shine!
(风雨无阻)
3.
“
I
’
ve just arrived by train,
”
she said.
“
I
’
m coming to see
you.
”
交通方式
= by +
具体交通工具
derail
by
train
/
bus
/
bike
/
ship
/
plane
/
light
rail
/
subway
/
MRT
(
mass rapid transit
)
/
minibus /motorbike / moped
(助动车)
等等,
除了
on foot
。
Lesson 3 Please send me a card
请给我寄一张明信片
Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy.
I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught
me
a
few
words
of Italian.
'Then
he
lent
me
a
book.
I
read
a
few
lines,
but
I
did
not
understand
a
word.
Every
day
I
thought
about
postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send any cards
to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early
and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room,
but I did not write a single card!
15
明信片总搅得我假 日不得安宁。去年夏天,我去了意大利。我
参观了博物馆,
还去了公园。
一位好客的服 务员教了我几句意大
利语,之后还借给我一本书。我读了几行,但一个字也不懂。我
每天都想着 明信片的事。
假期过得真快,
可我还没有给我的朋友
们寄过一张明信片。到了最后一天 ,我作出了一项重大决定。我
早早起了床,买来了
37
张明信片。我在房间里关了整整 一天。
然而竟连一张明信片也没写成!
Word Study
vt.(spoiled or spoilt)
1). ruin
破坏,糟蹋,使
…
不如意
The rain spoiled the picnic.
下雨了,野炊泡汤了。
Too much oil spoils the soup.
油太重了会坏了汤的味道。
几种破坏:
打破玻璃用
break;
damage:
破坏,但是程度不一定很重
;
destroy
:破坏,彻底摧毁
;
以上三个是指物理上的破坏,而
spoil
主要指精神上
2).
娇惯,宠爱
The child is badly spoiled.
那孩子给惯坏了。
3).
食物变坏,变质
Meat spoils easily in summer.
夏天,肉容易臭。
4).
谚语
16
Spare the rod and spoil the child.
省了棍子惯坏了孩子
/
不打不成
材
5). spoiler
spoil-sport
扫兴的人
Don' t be such a spoil-sport !
别这麽扫人兴
!
公共的,公众的
这个词我们在第一课见过了,基本用法和
pri vate
一起记。下面
再说两点:
1
)
public house
简称
pub
:酒吧
bar
2
)
in public:
公开的
;in private:
私下里的
ly
adj.
Lovely
friendly adj.
友好的
以
-ly
结尾是形容词,同样的还有
lovely
friendly
单独用,一般做宾语来用
作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好,
用短语
in a friendly way
1).
亲切的,和蔼的,友好的
A doctor should be a friendly person.
医生应该亲切。
friendly nations
友邦
a friendly smile
亲切的微笑
a friendly match
友谊赛
2).
有利的,有益的
a friendly rain
及时雨
17
a friendly warning
忠告
3).be on friendly terms with sb.
与某人关系融洽
This company is on friendly terms with clients.
这家公司与客户的
关系很好。
4). friend
make friends with
与某人交朋友
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Adj.
真正的
患难朋友才是真正的朋友。
5). friendship
友谊
lend color to
使某件事情显得可信
The success of the experiment lends color to his theory.
实验的成功使他的理论更可信。
lend an ear to
耐心而同情地听
We should lend an ear to those international refugees.
我们应该耐心听听国际难民的遭遇。
lend name to
参与某事
He never lends his name to violence.
他从不参与暴力活动。
lend a (helping)hand to
资助,帮助
The
merciful
boss
lends
a
helping
hand
to
the
village
with
school.
Mercy
18
a
那位好心的老板资助这个村庄建学校。
on
做出决定做某事
make /reach/come to / a decision to do sth
decide to do sth
make up one’s mind to do sth
be determined to do sth
determination
n.
Success
goes
to
the
determined.==where
there
is
a
will,there
is
a
way.
7. whole adj.
整个的
on the whole
整体说来
The plan is successful on the whole.
整体来说,这个计划是成功的。
as a whole
总体来说
The book is worth reading as a whole.
总的来说,这本书值得一读。
the whole truth
全部真相
wholehearted
全心全意的,全神贯注的
→wholeheartedly
wholeness
完整性
wholesale
批发
all of
后面如果加代词,代词前面不需要修饰词,一旦要加名词,
前面一定要加
the
all of us;all of the students
19
a single bed
单人床
→ a double bed
双人床
a single parent
单亲
biological parent
亲生父母
adoptive/foster parent
养父母
the single life
独身生活
→ a married life
婚姻生活
a single ticket
单程票
→ a round trip ticket
往返票
have a word with sb
和某人说几句话
have words with sb
与某人争吵
写作:
in other words
换句话说
word for word
一字一句地,原原本本地
Can I have a word with you ?
我能和你说几句话吗?
Tony had words with his wife last night.
Tony
昨天晚上和妻子吵架了。
In other words, you can’t live without communicating.
换句话说,你活着就得交流。
She told me the whole story word for word.
她把事情一五一十地告诉了我。
Keep the word =keep a promise
信守诺言
Break a promise
n.
v.
20
line up
排队
outline
轮廓,纲要,概述
underline
下划线
v.
read between lines
读懂言外之意
be online
在线
be offline
离线
Fans lined up for the signature from the super star.
追星族排队等候大明星的签名。
The architect drew an outline of the building.
建筑师画出了大楼的轮廓。
He outlined his theory in a few words.
他用几句话概括了他的理论。
When it comes to poet, we always need to read between lines.
说到诗,很多情况下我们不能只从字面上理解。
think about/of
考虑,思考,
think of
还可指想到
What do you think of the weather today?
冷:
cold,chilly(
凛冽
)
,
freeze:I'll freeze.(
冻僵
)
think over:
仔细考虑
think out
仔细考虑,想出办法
think sth through
全面地考虑问题
think-tank
智囊团,专家小组
panel
21
thinkable
可以想象的,可以想见的
----unthinkable
不可想象的
thinker
思想家
,statesman,educator,poet
v.
寄
寄信:
send a letter
用法:
send sth to sb/send sb sth
类似的用法还有
give,take,pass,read,sell...
send/take children to school
区别:
take
:强调某人亲自送
;
send
则是通过第三人去送,如美国的校车
本课重点:双宾语
双宾语指直接宾语
(
表示动作结果
)
和间接宾语
(
表示动作目标
)
如在
give sb sth
中,
sb
是间接宾语,
sth
是直接宾语
间接宾语在后面时,其前必须加
to
give sth to sb.(
对
……
而做,翻译为
“
给
”)
或
for(
为
……
而做,翻译为
“
替
”)
可以翻译为
“
给
”
,
“
替
”
,
“
为
”
的,就用
for;
如果只能翻译为
“
给
”
就以用
to
give a book to me;I buy a book for you.
总结:用
for
的词:
buy,order,make,find
Do me a favor please.=Do a favor for me.
Exercise
paid some money to the shop-keeper.
22
writer brought the man a bottle of beer.
宾语补足语
museum n.
博物馆
英语词源故事
——
museum
(博物馆):文艺女神缪斯
缪斯(
Muses
)是希腊神话中主管科学和文艺的女神们的总称,
共九位。由于缪斯女神主管文艺,所以在古代西方,人们往往将
杰
出
的
艺< br>术
作
品
放
在
缪
斯
女
神
的< br>神
庙
中
,
这
就
是
博
物
馆< br>(
museum
)
的起源。
它由
muse
(缪斯)< br>和表示
“
场所
”
的后缀
-um
,
本意就是< br>“
缪斯的神庙
”
。
同样,
英语单词music
(音乐)
原本是
muse
的形容词,
本意是
“
缪
斯的(艺术)
”
,
mosaic
(马赛克、镶嵌艺术) 的本意是
“work of
the Muses”
(缪斯的作品),以前都是供奉给缪斯女神的。
Muse
:
*mjuːz+
n.
司文艺、音乐、美术的女神缪斯
23
museum
:
*mjuː'zɪə
m]n.
博物馆
music
:
*'mjuːzɪ
k]n.
音乐,乐曲
mosaic
:
[m
ə
(
ʊ
)'ze
ɪɪk]n.
马赛克,镶嵌,镶嵌图案
那么多博物馆一定要记住我们的
Palace Museum(
故宫
)
14.
性别词缀
-
ess “
女的,女性的,雌性的
”
waiter →waitress
女服务员
只出现在餐馆里
actor →actress
女演员
prince →princess
公主
lion →lioness
母狮子
领班:
chief waiter
商店里的店员:
shop assistant
其他公共场所的服务员
:attendant
15.
语言不可数,所以要用
a little Italian
或
a few words of Italian
summer
里的
last
表示
“
上一个
”
the last day
里的
last
表示
“
最后一个
”
,表示
“
最后一个
”
时要加
冠词
the
,这时前面要加介词
+
时间
+
地点
eg:I spent three hours in the sea.
I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(
交通堵塞
)
I spend my weekend at my mother's.
I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.
24
Lesson 4 An exciting trip
激动人心的旅行
I
have
just
received
a
letter
from
my
brother,
Tim.
He
is
in
Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He
is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number
of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car
and
has
gone
to
Alice
Springs,
a
small
town
in
the
centre
of
Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth.
My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip
very exciting.
我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信,他正在澳 大利亚。他在那儿已经
住了
6
个月了。蒂姆是个工程师,正在一家大公司工作,并且已
经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了。他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车,
现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾 利斯斯普林斯。
他不久还将到达
达尔文去,从那里,他再飞往珀斯。我弟弟以前从未出过国,因
此,他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。
★
New words and expressions
1.
☆
exciting adj.
令人兴奋的
激动
->d ,exciting
excite, surprise, satisfy, frighten
等动词的词义中含有
“
使
……”
的意思
.
它们的共同点就是都可以
通过在后面分别加
-ing
和
-ed
构成形容词,其中
-ing
词尾的形容
词
用来表示所说明的物体或人给人的感觉,可以理
解成
“
令
25
人
……
的
”
;
而以
-e d
结尾的形容词则用来表示
“
感到
……
的
”
,通常 用来说明人
的情绪。
excite
使
……
兴奋
surprise
使
……
吃惊
Satisfy
使
……
满意
frighten
使
……
害怕
an exciting speech
激动人心的讲话
an excited person
(感到)兴奋的人
surprising news
令人吃惊的消息
a surprised child
(感到)吃惊的孩子
interesting:
令人感到有趣的
;interested
:感到有意思的
动词的宾语一定是人,让后面的人感到
……
eg:The news excited me.
The book interested me.
2.
☆
receive v.
接受,收到
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.
同位语:一个名词(或短语等)与另一个名词(或短语 )并列而
作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。
同位语与它所补充说明的
成分之间用逗 号隔开。
在译成汉语时,同位语或者插入主句中,或者另译为一句,很少
像英语中那 样用逗号隔开。
This is John, one of my best friends.
这位是约翰。
他是我最好的朋
友之一。
Mrs. Smith, my neighbor, has never been abroad.
我的邻居史密斯
26
夫人从来没有出过国。
3
个接受:
receive
收到(不一定接受)客观的收到
accept
接受(肯定收到)
主观上乐意
receive(
与
have
通用
)
:
receive/have a letter from sb
eg:This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn't
accept it.
take:
接受,与前两词无可比性,只需记住两个搭配:
take the exam;take advice
adopt advice
衍生词:
elevator
n.
电梯
elevate
v.
receiver
接收器,接受者
receipt
收条,收据
reception
服务台
receptionist
接待员
receptive
接受得快的
adj.
He is receptive to new ideas
concept
。
他很容易接受新思维。
received
被普遍接受的
adj.
a received theory
得到广泛认可的理论
反义词:
decline, refuse, reject ,deny, turn down,
句型:收到
……
来信
receive a letter from
=hear from
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
给
……
写信
27
write to sb=write a letter to sb=drop sb a line
3.
☆
firm n.
商行,会计行,事务所,公司等同于
company
1
)
n.
公司
,
企业
company , enterprise, corporation
2
)
adj.
结实的,坚硬的
firm muscles
结实的肌肉
firm soil
坚硬的土壤
3
)
adj.
坚定的,不容易改变的
firm belief
坚定的信仰
firm evidence
可靠的证据
firm refusal
严词拒绝
4
)
adv. firmly
a firmly handshake
The knob was fixed on the door firmly.
把门把牢牢地安装在门上。
4.
☆
abroad adv.
在国外
注意是个副词,直接和动词连用,不需要介词
go abroad
去国外
aboard
n.
甲板
v.
登机
live abroad
国外定居
study abroad
国外学习
5.
---
different
adj. ---
difference n.
different adj.
不同的
①
adj.
不同的,相异的(经常与
from
连用)
We are planning something
different
(
后置定语)
this year.
我们今年有不同的打算。
My room is different from yours.
28
②
adj.
各种各样的,不同的
various
diverse
culture----diversity
a wide range of
all sorts
of
This department store sells
a large number of
different
things.
这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。
He has visited many different places in China.
他去过中国
的不少地方。
be different from
与
……
有区别
Tell the difference between A and B A
和
B
的区别
differ from…
与
……
有区别
differentiate
辨别,讲出或指出区别
I differ with him on the plan.
=I don’t agree with him on the plan.
关于计划,我和他的观点不一样。
Tastes differ.
萝卜白菜,各有所爱。
We must agree to differ on this.
我们必须承认在这个问题上有分歧。
Men and women differ.
Men differ from women.
Men are different from women.
29
There are differences between men and women.
One can differ men from women.
以上句子的基本意思都是:男女有别。
相同
be similar to
与
……
相似
resemble
to
象,类似
the same as
与
……
一样
6.
☆
have been+in
地点
他已经到北京了:
He has arrived in Beijing.
瞬间动词
持续性动词
wait
到北京一年了,
就不能用
arrive
了。
因为
arriv e
是表示点的动词,
不能和段时间连用。
所以用我们的新句型:
have been in
地点
He has been in Beijing for one year.
Has
第三人称单数
/have
第一,第二,复数
+
动词的过去分词
Be
动词
-- am is are
was were
现在完成时态的基本用法:
现在完成时表示 动作现存的结果,
或者过去发生的事对现在
的影响。
常与现在完成时连用的副词和副词 短语:
before (now)
(以前);
so far
(到目前为止),
up to now
(直到现在),
just
(刚刚)
,
already
(已经)
,
lately
(最 近)
,
now
(现在)
,
for+
一段时间;疑问句和否 定句中常用
ever
,
yet
,
never
,
30
not…ever
等。
1.
表示已经完成的事情,强调行为的结果,但不强调行为发生的
具体时间
I have finished my work.
我的事(已经)做完了。
2.
表示曾经有过的经历。
The professor has been sent abroad.
这位教授曾经被派出国。
3.
表示过去发生的行为持续了一段时间
,
He has lived there for years.
他在那里住了好些年了。
, already, ever, just
等几个副词在完成事态
句子中的位置为:
have
(
*
)
done
句型操练模仿:规则动词和不规则动词的完成时
1.
Have your breakfast
have
助动词之外,还可以是实义动词
I
have
already
had
(
have
实际意义的动词)
my breakfast.
him to leave.
He has already left.
her to comb her hair.
She has already combed her hair.
a letter to him.
I’ve already written a letter to him.
on the stereo.
I’ve already turn
ed on the stereo.
31
her to wash the dishes.
She’s already washed the dishes.
him to read Macbeth.
He’s already read Macbeth.
a holiday.
I’ve already taken a holiday.
them to do their homework.
They’ve already done their homework.
your work.
I’ve already finished my work.
the carpet.
I’ve already swept the carpet.
her to make the beds.
She’s already made the beds.
7.
☆
work in
强调工作的地点
work for
强调
work
,不是在游逛,是在工作
8.
☆
a great number of
后面一定要加
可数名词复数
a lot of
可加可数名词也可加不可数名词
它们是约等于的关系
I have a lot of/a great number of friends.
I have a lot of time.
中的
a lot of
就不能替换为
a great number of
了
32
9.
☆
have gone to :
去了某地没回来
have been to :
曾经去过某地,现在不在那个地方
10.
☆
from there:
从那地方起
from
既可以加时间又可以加地点
eg:
from half past 8 to half past 11
from Beijing to Tianjin
11.
☆
fly to Perth=go to Perth by air
fly to
坐飞机去
drive to
开车去
ride to
骑车(马、驴等)去
walk to
步行去
go+
地点
+
介词
+
交通工具
go*by bike
go *on horseback
go* on foot
12.
☆
before
用在句子的末尾是副词,
翻译为
“
在 此之前
”
,
是现在
完成时态的标志。
13.
☆
find+
宾语
+
形容词做宾补
find trip exciting;
find the room clean
注意,在本句中用的是
find
的进行时态。
在收听外台的广播中经常能听到
find
不用一般式,而用进行式。
eg:We're finding the program very exciting.
在写的时候用一般式,口语就用进行式
下面表示状态、
感觉、
情绪、
精神活动的动词不可用于进行
时(瞬间性动词):
belie ve
,
doubt
,
see
,
hear
,
know
,
understand
,
belong
,
thi nk
,
consider
,
feel
,
look
,
seem
,
33
show
,
mind
,
have
,
sound
,
taste
,
requ ire
,
possess
,
care
,
like
,
hate
,
love
,
detest
,
desir e
【
Multiple choice questions
】
1. Tim is in Australia. He went
___a___
Australia six months
ago.
A
. to
B
. in
C
. at
D
. into
at…
表示位置
(
be at
是典型表示位置的介词短语)
go to…
只要有
to
这个感念
,
它的后面一定要有宾语
, go to the
theater
go in… (in
做副词
)
很少加宾语
He went in.
go into…
有去的动作
,
还有进入的动作
go into the room
move
常用的意义是“动”、“移 动”,在表达“搬家”这个意
思时
move
可以单独使用,
也可组成短语move to
,
move into
,
move in
,
move out
。
move in:
搬进来
move to the new house:
正在搬
move into :
搬进去了
move out
搬走
Jack
has
moved
out.
John
will
move
in
the
day
after
tomorrow.
2.
Tim is in Australia. How long
___b___
there?
对一段时间
的提问
Three
months
A
. is he
B
. has he been
C
. has he
D
. was
34
he
how long...
对段时间提问
,
跟现在完成时相连
3. He will soon visit Darwin. He will visit Darwin
_
c
_
.
a. Quickly b. for a short time c. shortly d. in a hurry
quickly
指的是动作上的快
He went quickly .
for a short time
不久
,
表示动作延续一段时间
soon
=
shortly
不久以后
,
表示在这段时间之后,强调的是时
间上的快
in a hurry:
匆忙的(指动作)
Lesson 5 No wrong numbers
无错号之虞
Mr.
James
Scott
has
a
garage
in
Silbury
and
now
he
has
just
bought another garage in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from
35
Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so
he has just bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a pigeon carried the
first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance
in
three
minutes.
Up
to
now,
Mr.
Scott
has
sent
a
great
many
requests
for
spare
parts
and
other
urgent
messages
from
one
garage
to
the
other.
In
this
way,
he
has
begun
his
own
private
telephone service.
詹姆斯
.
斯科特先生在锡尔伯里有一个汽车修理部,现在他
刚在平赫斯特买了 另一个汽车修理部。平赫特离锡尔伯里只有
5
英里,但詹姆斯
.
斯科特先生未 能为他新的汽车修理部搞到一部
电话机,所以他买了只鸽子。昨天,一只鸽子把第一封信从平赫
特带到锡尔伯里。
这只鸟只用了
3
分钟就飞完了全程。
到目前为
止,
斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个发送了大量索取备件
的信件和其他紧急函件。
就 这样,
他开始自己的私人
“
电话
”
业务。
★
New words and expressions
st is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a
telephone
for
his
new
garage,
so
he
has
just
bought
twelve
pigeons.
平赫斯特离锡尔 伯里只有
5
英里,
但詹姆斯
·
斯科特先生
未能为他新的汽车 修理部搞到一部电话机,所以他买了
12
只鸽
子。
(1)
这句话由
3
个部分组成。
but
引导的句子与前面的句子为并列
关系 ,
so
引导的句子表示结果。
36
A.
Seeing
his
mother,
the
little
boy
threw
himself
into
his
mother
’
s
hug.
现在分词短语替代时间状语从句(简要)
the
little
boy
saw
his
mother,
he
threw
himself
into
his
mother
’
s hug.
(2)from
在这里表示距离上 相隔,译为
“
离
”
、
“
从
”
等:
The school is a mile (away) from my house.
学校离我家有一英里。
She has been away from home for 5 days now.
她离家已有
5
天了
1.
☆
pigeon n.
鸽子
贝亲
口语里常说:
It's not my pigeon.=None of my business.
这不是我的
过错
2.
☆
message n.
信息
(
可数名词
)
an oral/ written message
口信
/
便条
与
message
相关的另一个词是
messenger
,
意为
“
送信人
”
、
“
信使
”
等 。
Message-messenger
passage---- passenger
with the passage of the time
Inform
通知
------information
信息
(
不可数名词
)
leave sb a message:
给
……
留便条
I'll leave you a message.
take a message for sb:
替
……
捎口信
37
此句在电话里非常常用,如果你要找的人不在,对方会说:
Can I take a message for you?
或者你可以说:
Can you take a message for me?
3.
☆
cover v.
越过
1)n.
覆盖物
the cover of a TV/pot/car
2)n.
可以躲避的地方
,掩护
shelter
,
refuge
I want to take cover from the rain.
我想躲雨。
take cover:
找躲避的地方,
from
接躲避的对象
The desert is treeless and gives no cover.
沙漠里光秃秃的,连避一避的地方也没有。
3)n.
封面
I read the book from cover to cover.
我把这本书从头到尾读了一遍。
cover girl
封面女郎
4)n.
幌子,伪装
They deal drugs under the cover of legal business.
他们打着合法生意的幌子进行毒品交易。
illegal
Mortal---- immortal
Vt. cover……with……
1)v.
遮盖,覆盖,淹没,掩饰
The body was covered with a sheet.
尸体上盖着一块布。
The flood covered everything around there.
38
洪水把那里的一切都淹没了。
He laughed to cover his embarrassment.
N.
barcode
Embarrass
v.
Embrace
(
em
在
+brace
手臂)
他用笑声来掩饰尴尬。
2)v.
处理,涉及,适用于
include
,
deal with
,
apply to
The course covers the basic parts of English learning.
这个课程涉及了英语学习的基础部分。
The rules cover any case.
该规则适用于任何情况。
3)v..
越过一段距离
cover+
距离:越过
cover the distance
The car can cover 200 miles in an hour.
这种车每小时速度可以达到
200
英里。
4) v.
报道
report
Many reporters are sent to cover the Olympics.
许多记者被派去报道奥运会。
5).
掩护
6).discover
v.
发现
(
dis→
去掉,
cover→
覆盖物
)
discovery
n.
发现,发明的东西
4.
☆
distance n.
距离
dis+ stance
stand
I will not agree to build the factory near the school.
I will never agree to
Never will i agree to build the factory near the school.
39
Under
no
circumstance
will
i
agree
to
build
the
factory
near
the
school.
Circumstance(circle+stance)
境况,情况
adj:distant
以
-ce
结尾的名词,形容词一般以
-t
结尾
如:
n. importance--important
adj.
n. difference--different
adj.
n. Patience----- patient adj.
短语:
distance-post
里程标
at a distance
隔一段距离
in the distance
在远处
keep
distance
保持距离
at a respectful distance
敬而远之
distant view
远景
distant relations
远亲
a distant look
冷漠的表情
a distant date
遥远的日期
a distant likeness
细微的共同点
文化点睛:
中国人往往喜欢和人靠的很 近,而英美人喜欢保持一定距
离,他们认为自己周围的一切,包括空气都是自己的。所以在餐
厅 吃饭,想和英美人坐一桌,应该先问:
Can I join you?
或
Can I
share this table?
而不要直接去坐。
5.
Up
to
now,
Mr.
Scott
has
sent
a
great
many
requests
for
spare
40
parts and other urgent
messages
from one garage to the other.
到目前为止,
斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件。
(1)
这句话看起来很长,
但却是个
简单句
。
sent
有两个宾语,
一是
requests,二是
messages
。
from one garage to the other
是整个句
子的状语。
(2)
up to now
相当于
until/till now
,意思是“迄今”、“到目前为
止”,一般与
现在完成时
连用:
Up to now, he has collected a good number of stamps.
到目前为止,他已收集了许多邮票。
up to now =up till now=
so far
目前为止
Everything is going on well up to now.
So far, so good.
目前一切都好。
(3)
request
1)
n.
要求,请求
request for:
对
……
有请求,需求
,
往往需要补充说明其内容,
如课文中
requests for spare parts(
索
取备件的信件
)
。
He granted my request for more time.
他同意了我延长时间的请求
v.
request sb to do sth=ask sb to do sth:
要求某人做
……
在
口语
中用
require sb to do sth
外国人喜欢用被动:
You're required/asked to do...
41
短语:
at one’s request=at the request of sb
应某人的要求
come into request /be in request
成为需求,变得紧俏
as requested
根据要求,按照要求
No reporter
will be allowed in at the chairman’s request.
根据主席的要求,记者不得入内。
With China’s entry to WTO, language talents come into request than
ever before.
中国入世使语言人才空前吃香。
The conference room has been decorated as (it was ) requested.
会
场已经按要求布置好了。
Customers made requests for better service.
顾客们要求更好的服
务。
近义:
ask for, apply for , solicit
(4)a great many
在这 句话中为形容词短语。
many
单独使用时前面
不加
a
,但加了great/ good
等形容词后,前面要加
a
:
A large/great/good
number of
大量的
(可数名词复数)
A great many trees were destroyed in the storm.
好多树在这场暴风雨中被毁坏了。
a great many
还可以作代词短语用:
He has read a great many of the books in this room.
这房间的书他好多都读过了。
A great deal of
大量的
+
不可数名词
42
this way, he has begun his own private 'telephone' service.
就
这样,
他开始了自己的私人“电话”业务。
(1)service
作为
不可数名词
时通常用于表示旅馆、餐馆以及商店
等 对旅客、顾客等的侍候、接待或服务
;
它作为
可数名词时
可以表示为帮助他人所采取的行动或所做的
工作:
The service in that hotel
is
quite good.
那家旅馆的服务很不错。
You have done me
a
great service.
你帮了我很大的忙
(2)
在课文中,
service
的意思是
“
业 务
”
、
“
公用事业
”
等。
这类用法一般有:
the mail service(
邮政业务
);
the telephone service(
电话业务
);
a travel service(
旅行社
);
a news service(
通讯社)
等。可以看出,
service
既可以指公用事业
的业务,
也 可以指办这些业务的机构。
因此,
课文中的
“'telephone'
service”
实际上是个大词,有一种幽默感。
6.
☆
spare part
备件
1
)
adj.
多余的,空余的,空闲的
spare room
空着的房间
spare time
空余时间
spare cash
余钱,闲钱
spare tire
备用轮胎
2
)
v.
节省,饶恕,让出,
43
He does not spare himself.
他对自己要求很严格。
Can you spare me the book for a few days?
把这本书借我几天好吗?
spare no pains(efforts) to do
不遗余力做某事(全力以赴)
spare no expense
不惜工本
7.
☆
service n.
业务,服务
be at your service
随时听候您的吩咐
(I'm glad to be)At your service.
我很乐意为您效劳。
文化点睛:
[
总结
]
对
Thank you.
的回答:
1
)
-That's all right./That' OK.
绝对正确,绝对过时。只有老人还用,已渐渐被遗忘。
2
)
-You are welcome./Not at all./(It's)My pleasure./At your service.
在演讲讲座的结尾,
演讲者会说:
Thank you for your listening.
此时以上回答都不准确,回应是报以热烈的掌声。
如果一个老外给你说
Thank you.
你一激动想不起怎么回答,
最聪明的回答就是:
No
,
thanks.
同样对
sorry
可以回答:
No sorry.
8.
☆
another:
其它中的一个
(+
单数名词
)
One miracle after another
一个又一个的奇迹
One problem after another
44
other(adj)+n.(
可为单数或复数
)
其它的
other people/books
the other:
两个之中的另外一个
(
直接用,后面什么也不加
)
句型:
One...the other...
一个
……
另一个
……
eg:I
have
two
is
watering
the
flowers,and
the
other
is
reading.
others=other+
名词复数
n.
其他
句型:
Some...others...< br>一些人。
。
其他人。。。
eg:Some
boys
are
playing
football,and
others
are
rowing/going
boating.
选择题
Mr Scott has a garage in
__B_
garage is in Pinhurst.
r ent
C
错。
else:
其 它的。
else
会放在被修饰词的后面。
它只能修饰两种词:
1.
疑问代词:
who else,what else;2.
不定代词:
anyone else,anything else.
D
错。
A
和
B
语法上都对,但
A
不好。
原
因
:
/a
是
冠
词
;his/my/yo ur
是
形
容
词
性
物
主
代
词
;my
mother's
是名词所有格。在语法上,以上三个词是不能同时并存
的 ,一般要用只能用其中一个。所以
his
和
another=an+other
不
同时出现。
在这里可以用但是用的不好,是因为语法的范围正在放宽松。
r
强调的是剩下的还有好几个当中的一个,强调的是有
45
三个以上。
加单数就表示一个,
his
取代
the
的位置。
9.
☆距离的表达方式
:
Pinhurst is five miles(away)(from Silbury).
Bus stop is only one mile (from school/here).
对距离提问:
How far...?
How far(away)is the bus stop?
10.
☆
get a telephone:
安装电话
11.
☆
carry:
带着,携着,意味着这个东西不会落地
I carry the bag.
take
则是着地:
I take my sister to the cinema.
12.
☆
a great many=a great number of (+
可数名词复数
)
许多
a lot of
太简单了,把它放到一边吧,有舍才有得:
)
13.
☆关于
way
的几个短语:
※
in this way:
这样,以这种方式
in a friendly way
※
by the way:
顺便说以声
(
口语开头,插入语,用来转 移话题,或
使很严肃的问题变得较随意
) btw,ILY, TTYL,IDK,ASAP
※
on the way(to):
在去
……
的途中
(
陈述句
)
on the way to school/the office;on the way home
I met Mary on my way to school.
我在去学校的路上遇到了玛丽。
※
in a way:
从某种意义上来说,
在某种程度上
In a way you are right.
从某种意义上说你是对的。
※
in the way:
46
1
)
.
挡路:
Sorry,you are in the way.
但一般不需要说,
只要说
Excuse
me.
就行。
out of the way:
让路
如果那个人死活不给你让路,你说:
Get out of the way!
滚开
!
2
)
.=in this way
按照,以
……
方式:
记住一个句型:
I do...in the way you showed me.
eg:I fly the kite in the way you showed me.
但是
in
the
family
way
不是以家庭的方式,而是指
have
a
baby.(PREGNANT)
※
get one's own way:
随心所欲
语法
Grammar in use
1.
一般过去时与现在完成时
在表示过去某个特定时间发生的事情或动作时,要用一般过去
时:
Yesterday,
a
pigeon
carried
the
first
message
from
Pinhurst
to
Silbury.
昨天,一只鸽子把第一封信从平赫斯特带到锡尔伯里。
在表示刚刚或者已经完成一个 动作并且
对现在有影响时
,
则要用
现在完成时,时间状语可以是不特指的now,
just
,或者是
for
引
导的一段时间,或者不加 任何时间状语:
He has written a book.
他写了一本书。
…now he
has just bought
another garage in Pinhurst.
47
……
现在他刚在平赫斯特买下了另一个汽车修理部。
(
现在拥有
)
在一段文章中可以同时出现一般现在时、
一般过去时和现在完成
时。因此,要根据具体 情况灵活运用这些时态,体会它们之间的
区别:
I
have
a
brother,
Tom.
He
is
an
engineer.
He
has
been
abroad
for
three years now. Several days ago, I
received
a letter from him.
我有
一个弟弟,名叫汤姆。他是位工程师。他出国已
3
年了。几天前
我收到 了一封他的来信。
体会句子中完成时态和过去时态的区别。
1. A: When did you have breakfast? (ten minutes ago)
I
had
it ten minutes ago.
B: I’ve already had breakfast.
2. A: When did he leave?
(this morning) He left this morning.
B: He’s already left.
3. A: When did they go?
(a few minutes ago) They
went
a few minutes ago.
B: They’ve already gone.
4. A: When did you read this book? (last week)
I
read
it last week.
B:
I’ve already read this book.
5. A: When did she write those postcards?
48
(last night)
B: She’s already written those postcards.
She wrote them last night.
6. A: When did they go their homework? (this afternoon)
B: They’ve already done their homework.
They did it this afternoon.
7. A: When did you take your holiday? (last August )
B: I’ve already taken my holiday.
I took it last August.
8. A: When did she make the beds. (a short time ago)
B: She’s already made the beds.
She made them a short time ago.
9. A: When did he send the letter?
(yesterday)
B: He’s already sent the letter.
He sent it yesterday.
10. A: When did you spend your money?
(this morning)
B: I’ve already spent my money.
I spent it this morning.
Lesson 6 Percy Buttons
珀西
·
巴顿斯
49
I
have
just
moved
to
a
house
in
Bridge
Street.
Yesterday
a
beggar knocked at my door. He asked me for a meal and a glass of
beer. In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs.
I gave him a meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he put
a piece of cheese in his pocket and went away. Later a neighbor told
me about him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons. He
calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a
meal and a glass of beer.
我刚刚搬进了大桥街的一所房子。昨天一个乞丐来敲我的
门, 问我要一顿饭和一杯啤酒。作为回报,那乞丐头顶地倒立起
来,
嘴里还唱着歌。
我给了 他一顿饭。
他把食物吃完,
又喝了酒。
然后把一块乳酪装进衣袋里走了。
后来 ,
一位邻居告诉了我他的
情况。大家都认识他,他叫珀西
.
巴顿斯。他每月对 这条街上的
每户人家光顾一次,总是请求给他一顿饭和一杯啤酒。
Word study
1.
★
beggar
n.
乞丐
beg v.
乞求,请求
I beg your pardon?
你可以说的再慢一点吗
ask for :
请求得到
beg for :
乞求得到
I begged her not to leave.
我乞求她不要离开我。
50