新初二英语阅读理解猜测词义题
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2021年01月29日 22:48
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如何猜测阅读理解题中的生词词义
词汇是阅读理解的基础的基础。我们必 须掌握教材中所学所有的单词和词
组；
了解构词法知识，
如熟记一些常见的
前 缀、
后缀
，
以及词语的合成和转化等；
并且要进行大量的课外阅读扩大自己的
词汇量
。
尽管如此，
在阅读中还是不可避
免会遇到生词或者熟词生义 ，
因此，
我们必须学会如何猜测词义。
任何一个词语，
在一定的上下文中只能 表示一个确定的词义。
据此，
我们可以尽可能地利用上下
文来猜测词义，
即从 已知推求未知，
也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们
不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我 们可以从以下几个方面来考虑：
一、
根据定义或解释猜测词义
A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.
What does the word “
carpenter
” mean in Chinese?
A.
诗人
B.
木匠
C.
厨师
D.
伐木工人
通过理解定语从句的意思，能 猜出
carpenter
是
B
“木匠”
A bag is useful and the word “bag” is usef
ul. It gives us some interesting phrases(
短
语
). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”….
Now when someone lets out (
泄漏
) a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”
John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ______.
A.
makes everyone know a secret
B.
the woman bout a cat
C.
buys a cat in the bag
D.
sells the cat in the bag
在这篇文章里，
“let the cat out of the bag”
虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接
着后面就给出解释
It is the same as “to tell a secret”
根据这一解释，我们就可判断
出正确答案应为
A
。
二、根据情景和逻辑进行判断
As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children.
They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away.
Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can
always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.
In the text, “put an end to” means “______”.
A.
Stop
B.
Cut
C.
Kill
D.
fly
根据文章所提供的情景，
如果警察看到有人在打架，
他们肯定会去制止。
因
为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。根据这一推理，答案应该是
A< br>。
三、根据并列或同位或对比关系猜测词义
There
is
a
place
on
our
earth
where
hot
water
and
steam
come
up
under
the
ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New
Zealand.
What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese?
A.
自来水
B.
大气
C.
冰川
D.
蒸汽
从语法上看，
steam
和
hot water是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相
关的，是同一类物质。在所给第四个选项中只有
“
蒸汽
”
有这种可能。
Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
What does the word “
grubby
” mean in Chinese?
A.
干净的
B.
白皙的
C.
肮脏的
D.
整齐的
和
clean
意思相对的是
“肮脏的”
，
因此可猜出句中
grubby
的意思是
“肮脏的”
四、根据因果关系猜测词义
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能
猜词。有时文章借助关联词< br>(
如
because
，
as
，
since
，
for
，
so
，
thus
，
as
a
result
，
of course
，
therefore
等等
)
表示前因后果。例如：
You shouldn't have blamed him for that
，
for it wasn't his fault.
What does the word “
blame
” mean in Chinese?
A.
表扬
B.
告诉
C.
责备
D.
原谅
通过
for
引出的句子所表示的原因
(
那不 是他的错
)
，可知
blame
的词义是
责备
。
She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.
What does the word “
trim
” mean in Chinese?
根据
because
从句所讲的意思，我们就可推测
trim
就是“修剪” 之意
五、根据构词法知识猜测词义
根据学过的构词法知识，
知道词根和前缀或后缀的 意义，
（
dis
－
disadvantage
（缺点）
in -
incorrect
（不正确的）
im- impossible
（不可能的）
un-
unemployment
（失 业）
mis
－
misunderstand
（误解）
Re- reuse
（重复使用）就可猜出由它们组成
的新词词义。例如：
The colors of Hawaii in Summer are unforgettable.
What does the word “
unforgettable
” mean in Chinese?
A.
淡忘的
B.
清晰的
C.
难忘的
D.
高兴的
利用构词法常识和我们已熟悉的 词
forget
，我们可以知道
unforgettable
就是
“ 令人难忘的”意思。
六、根据背景和常识判断
The
following
morning
when
I
went
to
see
how
my
captive
(caged)
bird
was
doing, I discovered it on the floor of the cage, dead. I was terribly surprised! What
had happened! I had taken extremely care of my little bird. Arthur Wayne, the famous
ornithologist, who happened to be visiting my father at the time, hearing me crying
over
the
death
of
my
bird,
explained
what
had
happened.
“A
mother
mockingb
ird,
finding her young in a cage, will sometimes bring it poison berries(
毒莓
). She thinks
it better for her young to die than to live in captivity.”
An ornithologist['
ɔ
rn
ɪ
'
θɑ
l
ə
d
ʒɪ
st] is probably a person who ______.
A.
studies birds
B.
loves creatures
C.
majors in habits
D.
takes care of trees
Ornithologist
这个词从来没有见到过，
但是通过他的语 言我们可以判断出这
是一个对鸟很有研究的人。我很爱鸟，把鸟装在笼子里，并细心照料，而且鸟的母亲也飞过来喂这只鸟，
但这只鸟却死了，
我很不理解。
到我家来的这个人给我< br>详细解释了鸟死的原因，说明这个人非常懂鸟。据此，我们可以断定答案是
A
。
A.
阅读以下名片，并回答问题（建议只看一遍）
Chaoyang Foreign Language School
Beijing Children Hospital
Harry Green
Zhang jing
English Teacher
Doctor
Add:
38
Chaoyang
Street
Beijing
Add:
56
Nanlishi
Road
Beijing
100029
100045
E-mail: chinlj@
Tel: (010) 68028401
Tel: (010) 65794231
(
) 1. Harry is a ________, and Zhangjing is a ________.
A. teacher, teacher
B. doctor, doctor
C. teacher, doctor
(
)
2.
If
child
is
ill,
you
may
call
Zhangjing.
Her
telephone
number
is
_______
A. (010) 6594231
B. (010) 68028401
C. 100029
(
) 3. A card mainly tells us a person's _____.
and work
B. telephone number
C. both A and B
(
) 4. Harry Green e-mail is _________.
@
B. chanlj@
C. chinj@
(
) 5. Zhang Jing's postal code is _____.
A. 100045
B. 100029
C. (010) 68028401
答案
C B C A A
这道题，建议只看一遍是为了测试看你的瞬间记忆能力如何，
在实际的日常
生活中，我们经常会遇到 类似的问题。
阅读第一篇常考，简单，快速，用时少
B.
Most people who work in the office have a boss (
老板
). So do I (
我也是
). But
my boss is a little unusual. What's unusual about him? It's a big dig. Many men have
dogs, but few men bring their dogs to the office every day. My boss's dog, Robinson,
is
big
and
brown.
My
boss
brings
him
to
work
every
day.
He
takes
the
dog
to
meetings and he takes the dog to lunch. When there is telephone call for my boss, I
always
know
if
he
is
in
the
office.
I
only
look
under
his
desk.
If
I
see
something
brown and hairy (
毛绒绒的
) under it, I know my boss is somewhere in the office. If
there is no dog , I know my boss is out.
1. People _________bring dogs to the office.
A. usually
B. often
C. seldom (
几乎不
)
D. sometimes
2. My boss is Robinson's ________.
A. boss
B. master
C. classmate
D. teacher
3. Robinson goes to meetings _________ my boss.
A. for
B. without
C. instead of (
代替
)
D. with
4. Robinson is always under the desk if the boss is _________.
A. in the office
B. at meetings
C. out of the office
D. out of work
5. The passage tells us the boss _________ the dog very much.
A. looks like
B. hates (
恨
)
C. likes
D. trust(
信任
)
答案
C B D A C
1.
由日常生活的常识可知，很少有人带狗上班
2.
通读全文，我的
BOSS
是个人，也就是说是狗的主人
有“跟某人一起”的意思，例如：
I go to see a film with my parents.
”
5.
通过整篇文章的阅读 ，
可以判断除了
C
外，
其他的选项都不符合原文的意思
C.
When people meet each other for the first time in Britain, they say
“
How do
you
do?
”
and
shake
hands(
握手
).
Usually
they
do
not
shake
hands
when
they
just
meet or say goodbye. But they shake hands after they haven
’
t met for a long time or
when they will be away from each other for a long time.
Last
year
a
group
of
German
students
went
to
England
for
a
holiday.
Their
teacher told them that the English people hardly shake hands. So when they met their
English friends at the station, they kept their hands behind their backs. The English
students had learned that the Germans shake hands as often as possible, so they put
their hands in
front
and
got
ready to shake hands
with
them.
It
made both
of them
laugh.
根据短文内容选择 最佳答案，将其标号填入题前括号内。（
2
×
5
）
（
1
）
It is
if you know the language and some of the customs of the country.
useful
helpful
helpful
bad
（
2
）
English people usually shake hands when they
.
every time
for the first time
goodbye to each other
hello to each other
（
3
）
Usually English people don
’
t shake hands
.
they will be away for a long time
they say
“
How do you do?
”
they just meet or say goodbye
they haven
’
t met for a long time
（
4
）
Which is right?
people shake hands as often as possible.
h people like shaking hands very much.
people hardly shake hands.
r English people nor Germans like shaking hands.
（
5
）
This story is about
.
g hands
ges
s
ges and customs
答案：
(1) C
(2) B
(3) C
(4) A
(5) C
D.
Visitors to London often eat in restaurants . The owners and workers in them
are all from other countries. The visitors say in these restaurants they don't feel they
are in England. Most of English people eat at home as much as they can. Sometimes
they themselves will think they are in another country when they are in restaurants.
When an Englishman goes out of a restaurant, he may find that he doesn't understand
why everything is written in French and Italian.
Most of English
people think it is better to eat at home, because it is cheaper.
They don't want to spend much money on food and they like cooking at home. They
like fast food. But for Christmas, they will spend two or three weeks to get ready for it,
because they want to have good food.
6. Visitors to London often eat in restaurants because_________.
A. they don't like the food at home
B. their homes are not in London
C. it's cheaper
D. restaurants are beautiful places
7. When English people eat in restaurants , they sometimes think __________.
A. they are in another country
B. they are in the country
C. they are themselves
D. they love their country