2018高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专题突破
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2021年01月29日 23:23
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学生期末总结-演讲主题
.
2018
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专题突破
Step1
猜测词义常见设问方式
1.
Which of the following is the nearest in meaning to
“
’’?
2.
What does the author probably mean by
“
’’
?
3.
The word
“
’’
in the contest means _____.
4.
The term can be best replaced by _____.
5.
The word
“
’’
probably refers to ____.
6.
As used in the line
…
the word
“
’’
refers to ______.
7.
According to the passage, the word
“
’’
is known as_____.
8.
The passage use the word
“
’’
to refer to ____
9.
According to the author, the underlined word
“
’’
means____.
10.
From the context/ passage, we can infer that the word
“
’’
means _____.
在词义 猜测题中，有些词汇并非生词，只需要根据上下文去推测它应在文章中的具
体含义，或找出其指代对象。 做这类题，应仔细阅读出现该词的上下文，文章中往往会
对这类词或短语进行重复解释或概括归纳。因此 答案往往可从文章中找出或推测出。
Step2.
方法探究
1. Charlotte
’
s tale was inspired by the girls
’
coin collection.
“
We
’
ve collected foreign coins for
years-since
our
families
went
on
holiday
to
Tenerife,
”
she
explains.
“
That
was
before
the
Euro, so we put pesetas in.
”
The underlined word
“
pesetas
”
in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _______.
A. story
B. collection
C. inspiration
D. foreign coin
2. Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, Houng
’
s deeds remind us
of what we usually neglect: love and care for others. Without these, none of us could survive.
Houng turned down donations from others. He said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he
could depend on his own work.
The underlined word
“
donation
”
in Para.3 probably means ______.
A. invitation to give a speech
B. something, especially given to help others
C. questions asked by interviewers
D. chances to be a hero
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什 么启发和收获？跟大家分享一
下。
______________________ __________________________________________________ ____
3. The elder learn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of
the institutionalized: loneliness, helplessness, boredom, and lose of memory.
4.
Some
ships
carried
cargo
such
as
coal,
oil
and
military
supplies
(
军用物资
),while
others
carried only passengers.
5. Scientists grow large quantities of common mould (
霉菌
)so that they can get penicillin from
.
.
it in order to make antibiotics, that is, substances that kill germs.
6. Marine biology, the study of oceanic plants and animals and their relation, has furthered the
efficient development of fisheries.
7. Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter,
who always takes away things from the shop without paying for them.
【思考归纳】这几道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和 收获？跟大家分享一
下。
__________________________ __________________________________________________
8. Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking
the opinions of others.
From the passage, we can infer that the word
“
autocratic
’’
means ______
A. friendly to others
B. modest and kindly
C. sticking to one
’
s own opinion
D. hard-working
9. Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page.
jazz:
1.
n.
a
type
of
music
that
originated
in
New
Orleans
and
is
characterized
by
rhythmic beats. 2.
n.
popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3.
n.
slang. Empty talk. 4.
adj.
of or like jazz; a jazz band, jazz records.
What does the word
“
jazz
”
mean in the following sentence?
Don
’
t give me that jazz, for I am a practical person.
A. Rhythmic beats.
B. A type of music.
C. A kind of dance.
D. Meaningless
talk.
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有 什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一
下。
_____________________ __________________________________________________ _____
10.
“
Unlike
vitamin
C,
leadership
skills
can
’
t
be
easily
swallowed
down.
They
must
be
carefully cultivated.
”
The underlined word
“
cultivated
”
(Paragraph 1) roughly means ______.
A. encouraged
B. compared
C. examined
D. developed
11. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.
According to the author, the underlined word static means ______.
A. unchangeable
B. inactive
C. respective
D. widespread
12. Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan
’
s
population is quite homogeneous.
【思考归纳】这三道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟 大家分享一
下。
______________________________ ______________________________________________
13. Millions of animals die each year on US roads, the Federal Highway administration reports.
In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the US today. The main reason?
Roadkill.
.
.
14. Mansion, church, battle site, theatre and other public halls can be preserved.
【思考归纳】
这道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？ 跟大家分享一下。
_________________________________ ___________________________________________
15. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in
School, of English learning.
16.
Many
United
nations
employees
are
polyglots:
Mr.
Simpson,
for
example,
speaks
five
languages fluently.
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分 享一
下。
_________________________________ ___________________________________________
17. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80
ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.
18. Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems that
more and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何 得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一
下。
___________ __________________________________________________ _______________
19.
下题中划线的词可换为：
New York, 10 November, 5:27 p.m., yesterday. Biggest power failure in the city
’
s history.
A. enough
B. not passing
C. lack of
D. lack
【思考归纳】
这道题你 是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。
____________ __________________________________________________ ______________
20. Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO
2
from the atmosphere and
helping to slow global warming.
The underlined phrase
“
mopping up
”
in the second paragraph means _______.
A. cleaning up
B. taking in
C. wiping out
D. giving up
21. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took a mop. She pushed past the desk
and as the nurse looked up. Mum nodded and said,
“
Very dirty floor.
”
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收 获？跟大家分享一
下。
___________________________ _________________________________________________
22. The most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestors
battled nature
with the basic tools they had.
23. The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways-education, medicine,
and business.
The underlined work
“
aging
”
means ______.
A. counting the number of years someone lives
B. the numbers of years someone lives
C. becoming older
.
.
D. making someone looking older
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？ 跟大家分享一
下。
_____________________________ _______________________________________________
检测反馈
运用方法探究中学到的技巧，快来一试身手吧！看谁做得又快又好！
A
I
have
been
consistently
opposed
to
feeding
a
baby
regularly.
As
a
doctor,
mother
and
scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the baby’s point
of view.
Mothers, doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a baby’s blood sugar level lies.
All
we
know
is
that
a
low
level
is
harmful
to
brain
development
and
makes
a
baby
easily
annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks
for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.
It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four- hourly feeding schedule will make a
baby
satisfied.
The
first
of
the
experts
to
advocate
a
strict
clock-watching
schedule
was
Dr.
Frederic
Truby
King
who
was
against
feeding
in
the
night.
I’ve
never
heard
anything
so
ridiculo
us.
Baby
feeding
shouldn’t
follow
a
timetable
set
by
the
mum.
What
is
important
is
feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.
Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points
out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on
demand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By
the age of 8, their IQ
（智商）
scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid
timetable. This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample
（样本）
of
10,419 children born in the early 1990s,taking account of parental education, family income, a
child’s
sex
and
age,
the
mother’s
health
and
feeling
style.
These
results
don’t
surprise
me.
Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no
account of sinking blood sugar levels.
I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeling practices.
小题
1:What does the author think about Dr King?
A
．
He is strict
B
．
He is unkind
C
．
He has the wrong idea.
D
．
He sets a timetable for mothers
小题
2:The word copper-bottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________
A
．
basic
B
．
reliable
C
．
surprising D
．
interesting
小题
3:What does the research tell us about feeling a baby on demand?
A
．
The baby will sleep well.
.