英语专业英语(一)2001答案
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2001
年国际关系学院硕士研究生入学考试
英语专业
英语
(
一
)
试题
考生须知
1
答案必须写在答题纸上
,
写在试题纸上的无效
2
限三个小时内完卷
3
考生不得携带任何词典或书本
4
知识交卷时必须交还试题
Ⅰ
Translate the following into Chinese (50%)
Until early in this century, the isolationist tendency prevailed in American
foreign
policy.
Then
two
factors
projected
America
into
world
affairs:
its
rapidly
expanding power, and the gradual collapse of the international system centered on
Europe. The watershed presidencies marked this progression: Theodore Roosevelt's
(1) and Woodrow Wilson's (2). These men held the reins of government when world
affairs were drawing a reluctant nation into their vortex. Both recognized that
America had a crucial role to play in world affairs though they justified its
emergence from isolation with opposite philosophies.
Roosevelt was a sophisticated analyst of the balance of power. He insisted on
an international role for America because its national interest demanded it, and
because
a
global
balance
of
power
was
inconceivable
to
him
without
American
participation. For Wilson, the justification of America's international role was
messianic: America had an obligation, not to the balance of power, but to spread
its principles throughout the world. During the Wilson's Administration, America
emerged as a key player in world affairs, proclaiming principles which, while
reflecting the truisms of American though, nevertheless marked a revolutionary
departure
for
Old
World
diplomats.
These
principles
held
that
peace
depends
on
the
spread of democracy, that states should be judged by the same ethical criteria as
individuals, and that the national interest consists of adhering to a universal
system of law.
To hardened veterans of a European diplomacy based on the balance of power,
Wilson's views about the ultimately moral foundations of foreign policy appeared
strange,
even
hypocritical.
Yet
Wilsonianism
has
survived
while
history
has
bypassed
the
reservations
of
his
contemporaries.
Wilson
was
the
originator
of
the
vision
of
a universal world organization, the League of Nations, which would keep the peace
through
collective
security
rather
than
alliance.
Though
Wilson
could
not
convince
his own country of its merit, the idea lived on. It is above all to the drumbeat
of
Wilsonian
idealism
that
American
foreign
policy
has
marched
since
his
watershed
presidency, and continues to march to this day.
America's
singular
approach
to
international
affairs
did
not
develop
all
at
once,
or
as
the
consequence
of
a
solitary
inspiration.
In
the
early
years
of
the
Republic,
American foreign policy was in fact a sophisticated reflection of the American
national interest, which was, simply, to fortify the new nation's independence.
Since no European country was capable of posing an actual threat so long as it had
to contend with rivals, the Founding Fathers showed themselves quite ready to
manipulate the despised balance of power when it suited their needs indeed, they
could be extraordinarily skillful at maneuvering between France and Great Britain
not only to preserve America's independence but to enlarge its frontiers. Because
they
really
wanted
neither
side
to
win
a
decisive
victory
in
the
wars
of
the
French
Revolution, they declared neutrality. Jefferson defined the Napoleonic Wars as a
contest
between
the
tyrant
on
the
land
(France)
and
the
tyrant
of
the
ocean
(England)
-in other words, the parties in the European struggle were morally equivalent.
Practicing
an
early
form
of
nonalignment,
the
new
nation
discovered
the
benefit
of
neutrality as a bargaining tool, just as many an emerging nation has since.
Notes:
th
1 Theodore Roosevelt: The 26
president of the United States (1901-1909)
th
2 Woodrow Wilson: The 28
president of the United States (1913-1921)
Ⅱ
Translate the following into English (50%)
美国著名作家霍桑
(Hawthorne)
的短篇小说《胎记》
(The Birth-Mark)
，写一位有高超
智慧和幻想力的科学家爱尔默
(Aylmer )
，娶了一个美貌如花的妻子乔治娜
(Georgiana)
，灯
前对坐，“ 娇花”悦眼，自是欢愉不尽，但他却总觉得有一桩心事耿耿不能去怀。原来，乔
治娜左颊上长了一个特殊 的嫣红斑痕——胎记，
尽管很小，
但在这位惯于追求完美境界的科
学家看来，
总是破坏了美的魅力。他煞费苦心，想把妻子的可爱面颊改善得十全十美，
毫无
瑕疵。他曾研究 出一种除斑的外用药剂，涂在妻子脸部的胎记上，但未能奏效。于是，又使
用一种内服的强效药液，帮助妻子除治小小的斑痕。
这种药的效果果然显著，
胎记正逐渐变
淡、褪色；可是，
随着胎记的最后一丝红晕从面颊上消失，
那个堪称“十全十美”的绝代佳
人 的最后一口气，也散入青冥，化为乌有了。
我国南宋时代的诗人戴复古写过一首
《寄 兴》
诗，
通过一个妻子向丈夫表明心迹的形式
巧妙地陈述了一番哲理。诗很简洁，只有 二十个字：“黄金无足色，白璧有微瑕。求人不求
备，妾愿老君家。”大意是说：世上金无足赤，玉有微 瑕。只要对我这个妻子不求全责备，
吹毛索瘢，
我就愿意在夫君家里忠诚地过一辈子。
显然这是一首寄怀深远的寓意诗，
核心是
讲识才、用才之道，对象是执掌铨衡的人
.
这位戴老先生生在八百多年前，
除了作几首诗之外，
没听说他还有什么奇材异能。不过，
单就掌握辩证思维这一点来说，实在要比那位现代的科学家爱尔默高明一些。
为了求得毫无瘕疵，
爱尔默因小失大，白白断送了娇妻的性命。执一方之政者，如果在
识才 用才方面也是这样吹毛索瘢，连一点点“小疵”也不能包容，其结果又将如何呢？
参考答案
2001
年国际关系学院硕士研究生入学考试
英语专业
英语
(
一
)
试题
考生须知
1
答案必须写在答题纸上
,
写在试题纸上的无效
2
限三个小时内完卷
3
考生不得携带任何词典或书本
4
知识交卷时必须交还试题
Ⅰ
Translate the following into Chinese (50%)
Until early in this century, the isolationist tendency prevailed in American
foreign
policy.
Then
two
factors
projected
America
into
world
affairs:
its
rapidly
expanding power, and the gradual collapse of the international system centered on
Europe. The watershed presidencies marked this progression: Theodore Roosevelt's
(1) and Woodrow Wilson's (2). These men held the reins of government when world
affairs were drawing a reluctant nation into their vortex. Both recognized that
America had a crucial role to play in world affairs though they justified its
emergence from isolation with opposite philosophies.
Roosevelt was a sophisticated analyst of the balance of power. He insisted on
an international role for America because its national interest demanded it, and
because
a
global
balance
of
power
was
inconceivable
to
him
without
American
participation. For Wilson, the justification of America's international role was
messianic: America had an obligation, not to the balance of power, but to spread
its principles throughout the world. During the Wilson's Administration, America
emerged as a key player in world affairs, proclaiming principles which, while
reflecting the truisms of American though, nevertheless marked a revolutionary
departure
for
Old
World
diplomats.
These
principles
held
that
peace
depends
on
the
spread of democracy, that states should be judged by the same ethical criteria as
individuals, and that the national interest consists of adhering to a universal
system of law.
To hardened veterans of a European diplomacy based on the balance of power,
Wilson's views about the ultimately moral foundations of foreign policy appeared
strange,
even
hypocritical.
Yet
Wilsonianism
has
survived
while
history
has
bypassed
the
reservations
of
his
contemporaries.
Wilson
was
the
originator
of
the
vision
of
a universal world organization, the League of Nations, which would keep the peace
through
collective
security
rather
than
alliance.
Though
Wilson
could
not
convince
his own country of its merit, the idea lived on. It is above all to the drumbeat
of
Wilsonian
idealism
that
American
foreign
policy
has
marched
since
his
watershed
presidency, and continues to march to this day.
America's
singular
approach
to
international
affairs
did
not
develop
all
at
once,
or
as
the
consequence
of
a
solitary
inspiration.
In
the
early
years
of
the
Republic,
American foreign policy was in fact a sophisticated reflection of the American
national interest, which was, simply, to fortify the new nation's independence.
Since no European country was capable of posing an actual threat so long as it had
to contend with rivals, the Founding Fathers showed themselves quite ready to
manipulate the despised balance of power when it suited their needs indeed, they
could be extraordinarily skillful at maneuvering between France and Great Britain
not only to preserve America's independence but to enlarge its frontiers. Because
they
really
wanted
neither
side
to
win
a
decisive
victory
in
the
wars
of
the
French
Revolution, they declared neutrality. Jefferson defined the Napoleonic Wars as a
contest
between
the
tyrant
on
the
land
(France)
and
the
tyrant
of
the
ocean
(England)