(完整版)动词不定式用法小结
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2021年01月31日 23:08
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动词不定式用法
动词 不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中
可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己 的宾
语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是
to
＋
do< br>；其否定形式是
not to
＋
do
。
下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。
1
．作主语
可以直接作主语。如：
To see is to believe
．
但在英语中，常用
it
作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如：
It's wrong to play tricks on other people
．
It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy
．
点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在
It is
＋
adj
．
（形容词）＋
to do sth
．或
It is
＋
n
．
（名词）＋
to do
sth
．句型中，
it
仅作形式主语。
2
．作宾语
a
．
want
，
decide
，
agree
等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如：
We agreed to start early
．
She wants to be a doctor
．
b
．
love
，
like
，
begin
，
start
，
hate
，
prefer
等词后面可以接不定式。
点击规律：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。
提示板：
like doing
指经常性动作，而
like to do
指一次性的动作。如：
I like swimming
，
but I don't like to swim now
．我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。
c
．
stop
，
forget
，remember
，
go on
，
try
等词或短语后面可以接不定式。
点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。
提示板：
1
）
stop to do sth
．
：停止一件事，去做另一件事。
stop doing sth
．
：停止正在做的事。
例句：
When the teacher came in
，
the students stopped talking
；
when he came out
，
the students stopped to talk
．
当
老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。
2
）思考：
forget
，
remember
，
g o on
，
try
等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？
d
．在
find
／< br>feel
＋
it
＋
adj
．＋
to do sth
．句型中，
it
是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如：
The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep
．
I feel it easy to recite the text
．
点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法 上的区别可以通过造
句子加以区分，如上面
stop
例句。
3
．作宾语补足语
a
．
tell
，
ask
，
want
，
order
，
teach
，
invit e
，
warn
，
wish
，
help
，
g et
，
wish
，
help
等词后面常接不定式作宾补。
如 ：
I tell him not to go there by bus
．
Edison's mother taught him to read and write
．
b
．
let
，
make
，
have，
see
，
hear
，
feel
，
watch
，
notice
后面接不带
to
的不定式作宾补。如：
The boss makes them work 16 hours a day
．
I heard her sing in the next room
．
提示板：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号
to
要加上。如：
They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss
．
She was heard to sing in the next room
．
4
．作定语：放在被修饰的名词、代词后面
例句：
I have a lot of work to do
．
The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy
．
点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。
提示板：如果动词不定式 和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉介词。如：
I have a small bedroom to live in
．
Have you got some pens to write with
？
5
．表语：放在连系动词
be
后面
例句：
His wish is to become a scientist
．
The first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives
．
当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。
点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。
6
．作状语
a
．目的状语：放在
go，
come
，
use
，
live
，
in order
等词后面。如：
I come to see you
．
He runs fast in order to get there in time
．
b
．原因状语：放在
sorry
，
glad
，
surprised
，
disappointed
，
excited
等词后面。如：
I am glad to see you here
．
I am sorry to trouble you
．
c
．作结果状语。如：
Some of the apples are hard to reach
．
The room is large enough to hold 1000 people
．
7
．与
what
，< br>who
，
whose
，
when
，
where
，
how
等疑问词连用，作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。
如：
I don't know what to do next
．
（宾语）
He taught us how to use the computer
．
（宾语补足语）
It's still a question how to get there
．
（主语）
【模拟试题】
（答题时间：
30
分钟）
一
.
选择填空：
1. He asked me ________ here earlier.
A. come
B. to come
C. coming
D. came
2. Please tell him _______ on the wall.
A. don’t draw
B. to not draw
C. not to draw
D. not draw
3. He wanted ________ a cup of tea.
A. to have
B. having
C. have
D. had
4. I’d like ________ a word with you.
A. had
B. having
C. to have
D. have
5. I came here _______ my uncle.
A. saw
B. to see
C. seeing
D. to be seen
6. The man refused
（拒绝）
________ back his words.
A. to take
B. taking
C. took
D. takes
7. I can let you ________ one ticket.
A. to have
B. have
C. having
D. had
8. We often heard him _________ in his room.
A. to sing
B. sings
C. sang
D. sing
9. He was made ________ day and night.
A. work
B. working
C. to work
D. worked
10. He stopped ______ a look, but saw nothing.
A. having
B. to have
C. have
D. had
11. My father was too angry _________ a word.
A. to say
B. not to say
C. to saying
D. didn’t say
12. My brother was old enough ________ to school.
A. went
B. goes
C. going
D. to go
13. It is time ________ him ________ supper.
A. of, to have
B. for, to have
C. of, having
D. for, to has
14. It’s very kind _______ you ______ me.
A. of, to help
B. for, to help
C. of, help
D. of, helping
15. It’s important __
_______ our classroom clean every day.
A. kept
B. to keep
C. to give
D. keep
16. Before liberation
（解放）
they had no chance _______ to school.
A. went
B. go
C. to go
D. to be gone
17. He said he had an important meeting ________.
A. attend
B. would attend
C. attending
D. to attend
18. Please give me a piece of paper ________.
A. to write
B. to write on
C. writing
D. to write it