动词不定式的应用
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2021年01月31日 23:20
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动词不定式用法及练习
动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化 ，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以
作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定 语和状语）
；动词不定式
具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以 有自己的宾语和状语，动词
不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
一、
二、
构成：
to do .
否定式
not to do
常见时态：一般时
to do
进行时
to be doing
完成式
to have done
完成进行式
to have been doing
三、动词不定式在句子中的成分
1
、
作句子的主语：
现实 中常用
it
作形式主语，
而把真正的主语动词不定式
（或短语）
后置 。
比较下列句子
To learn from your friends is important.=It is important to learn from your friends .
To
leave
without
saying
goodbye
is
impolite.=
It
is
impolite
to
leave
without
saying
goodbye.
句型总结
It is
+ adj. + of sb. to do…=
sb. is
are +adj. +to d o…
在以某些表示人的品质、
特征等的形
容词（如
kind
、
good
、
nice
、
wrong
、
clever
、
right
等）作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，
说明不定式指的是谁 的情况。
（可以理解为某人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢，对，错等等）
It is very kind of you to help me.
It
’
s not polite of him to speak to old people like that.
It is + adj. + for sb. to do…
≠
sb. is
are +adj. +to do …
如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁
做的，则在不定式前加一个
for
引起的 短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。
It is necessary for us to study hard.
It is easy for him to speak English.
2
、作句子的表语：
不定式放在
be
动词后面，用作表语如：
Her dream is to be a policeman.
My job is to help the patient.
3
、作句子的宾语：
不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语 。能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及物）
很多，常见的有
want, like, hate, wish, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn, choose, agree,
expect,
remember,
forget,
plan,
decide,
would
like,
need,
choose,
agree,
promise,
refuse,
set
out,
manage, pretend,
1
I want to go home.
The workers demanded to get better pay.
注意
1
：动词不定式作宾语时如带有宾语补足语，则要把不 定式放在后面，用
it
作形式主
语，构成“主语
+
动词
+i t+
宾补（形容词、名词）
+
不定式”结构
I found it necessary to talk to him again.
I found it important to learn English.
I fond it difficult to learn physics.
注意
2
：
常用 带
to
的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有
want, ask, tell, order, get, wish, allow,
invite, teach, encourage, beg,
等。构成“
vt,+sb.+(not)to do sth.
”结构。
The teacher told us to read the text.
He asked me not to tell you the news.
注意
3
：不定式作宾补省去
to
的情况
(
在被动语态中则
to
不能省掉
)
常用 省去
to
的动词不定式作补足语的动词有：
“
一感
（
fee l
）
、
二听
（
hear, listen to
）
、
三让
（
make,
let, have
）
、五看（
look at, see, watch, notice, observe
）
”
help
可带
to
，也可不带
to help sb (to) do sth
I made him to do his work. . ----------------------------make sth.
Please listen to me to sing this song again. -------------------listen to sth.
I felt someone to open my door. --------------------------------fell sth.
The boss made the girl to work ten hour a day. -------------make sth.
You must watch me to do everything--------------------------watch sth.
被动语
to
要加上
He was made to do his work (by me)
They are made to work for 12 hours a day.
He was heard to speak in the next room.
4
、作句子的定语：
不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面作后置定语 。如果不定式中的动词
是不及物动词
,
则不定式中要有介词
.
I want to get something to read during the holiday.
He is looking for a room to live in . -------------------------------------- live
是不及物动词
There is nothing for us to worry about.---------------------------------- worry
是不及物动词
5
、作句子的状语：动词不定式位于不及物动词之 后作状语，可作目的、结果、原因状语。
She came here to borrow an English book.
（目的）
2
Let
’
s stop to have a rest.
She is too young to go to school.
（结果）
He runs fast enough to catch a horse.
I
’
m sorry to make you wait here so long.
（原因）
He is old enough to go to school .
结果
六、带疑问词的不定式短语
动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词
what, which, who
或疑问副词
how, when, where, why
等。 这种结构起名词的作
用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，
wh y
后面的不定式不带
to
。
例如：
I don’t know what to try next.
（作宾语）
Where to go is not decided yet.
（作主语）
注意：单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。
What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?)
Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)
在与
why
连用时，只用于
why
或
why not
开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带
to
。
Why not have a rest?
How to do it is a problem.(=How we should do it.)
I don
’
t know what to buy for you.
8
上
unit5
语法专项：动词不定式的用法
一、选择
teacher was made _____ his teaching because of poor health.
A.
giving up
B. to give up
C. give up
D. given up
sentence wants ____ once more.
A.
explained
B. to explain
C. being explained
D. explaining
Arctic is considered ____ the northern part of the Atlantic.
A.
having been
B. to have been
C. to be
D. being
Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _____ for him without delay.
A.
to have woven
B. to be woven
C. to be weaving
D. to weave
5.I found the German language hard ____.
A.
learned
B. learning
C. to be learned
D. to learn
6.
—
The light in the office is still on.
--- Oh, I forgot ______.
3
A.
turning it off
B. turn it off
C. to turn it off
D. having turned it off
7.---How do you deal with the disagreement
between the company and the customers?
---The key ____ the problem is to meet the demand ____ by the customers.
A.
to solving, making
B. to solving, made
C. to solve, making
D. to solve, made
8. ---What do you think of the school?
----It is a very good _____.
A.
school to study in
B. school for children to study
C. studying school
D. school to study
9. ---Did you get a job?
---
No, I ___ , but it’s no use.
A.
expected
B. tried to
C. managed to
D. planned
find it impossible for the work ___ ahead of time.
A.
to finish
B. finishing
C. being finished
D. to be finished
11.---I usually go to Shanghai by train.
----Why not ___ there by boat for a
change?
A.
to try to go
B. try going
C. to try going
D. try to go
12.___ a living, she had to work from morning till night.
A.
To make
B. Made
C. Making
D. To have made
13. I would rather starve to death than ___ for food.
A.
beg
B. begging
C. begged
D. to beg
boy pretended ____ when his mother entered.
A.
reading
B. to read
C. to be reading
D. being read
二、选择
1. Robert is said ____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A.
to have studied
B. to study
C. to be studying
D. to have been studying
2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.
A.
not make
B. not to make
C. not making
D. don’t make
3. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new job.
A.
expected
B. to expect
C. to be expecting
D. expects
4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ____ whether they will enjoy it.
A.
to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. see
4
5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ____.
A.
it what to do with
B. what to do with it
C. what to do it with
D. to do what with it
6. The mother didn’t know ____ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
A. who
B. when
C. how
D. why
7. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned
D. learning
8. We agreed ____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met
B. meeting
C. to meet
D. to have met
9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____.
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not to
10. The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not
B. eating not
C. not to eat
D. not eating
11. I would love ____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go
B. to have gone
C. going
D. having gone
12. Charles Babbage is generally considered ____the first computer.
A. to invent
B. inventing
C. to have invented
D. having invented
1. It took half an hour _______(get)
to the World Park from Kitty’s school.
2. It was interesting _______(see) so many places of interest from all over the world.
3. They want _______(save) time by using shorter words and phrases.
4. Kitty’s classmate Daniel taught himself how _______(make)
a home page.
5. He put his photos on it for everyone _______(look) at.
6. Help him _______(put) the photos in the correct order.
7. He made the girl _______(cry) yesterday.
8. It’s time for class. Please stop _______(talk).
9. I’d like _______(go) to the T
emple of Heaven.
1. Our school is not far from my home.
2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest.
4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5