动词不定式学案定稿 (2) (1)
玛丽莲梦兔
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2021年01月31日 23:25
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初中生周记-白头发变黑
路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索
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个性化学科优化学案
学员姓名
课
题
授课时间
签字确认
作业布置
学
习
目
标
重、难、
科目
英语
年级
教师
何老师
高考
--
动词不定式
月
日
备课时间
教学组长签字
月
日
老师：
学生：
学员课堂表现
一．正确掌握并运用不定式的时态语态
二．掌握不定式的几种特殊形式
准确把握不定式的时态语态
考
点
教学过程
鹰击长空
—
基础不丢
完成句子：
71
．
I'm afraid I can't attend your birthday party at 5 P
．
M
．
next Monday
．
I
（已乘飞机）
to London long before then
．
（
fly
）
72
．
The technology is reported
（应用到）
architecture in other countries for
a long time, but it was not introduced into China until two years ago
．
（
apply
）
73
．
He
escaped
（丧生）
in
the
explosion
because
he
had
not
gone
to
work
．
（
kill
）
74
．
So
（天气好）
that all of us want to go on an outing.
（
day
）
75
．
It
was
only
when
the
accident
took
place
（他才意识到）
the
importance of careful driving
．
（
realize
）
76
．
Jenny has been criticized by the teacher for using the cellphone in class. I would rather you
(
没借
) it to her. (lend)
77
．
One more step backward, _
___
（你会掉进）
the pool
．
（
fall
）
78
．
English, as well as all other subjects, _
__
（很重要）
．
So we must learn
it well to be more competent
．
（
importance
）
79
．
I am proud of what I did
．
But I was just helping to do
（他本
该做的）
．
（
do
）
80
．
Last week, only two people came to look at the house.
（两个都不
想）
to buy it. (want)
71
．
will/shall have flown
1
路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索
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百度文库
72
．
to have been applied to
73
．
being killed
74
．
fine/good/nice a day is it
75
．
that he realized
76
．
hadn’t lent
77
．
and you will fall into
78
．
is of great/vital importance
79
．
what he should/ought to have done
80
．
neither of whom wanted/ and neither of them wanted/ neither of them wanting
可以攻玉
—
经典例题
非谓语动词
I want to swim today.(
不定式
)
It
’
s no good waiting here(
动名词
)
The sleeping boy is my son.(
现在分词
)
The glass is broken
（过去分词）
I
在句 中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定
式、动名词和 分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）
动词不定式
(to do)
不定式、动名词和现在分词都有时态和语态的变化
.
不定式
一般式
进行式
完成式
完成进行式
主动
语态
To do
To be doing
To have done
To have been
doing
被动
语态
To be done
To have been done
与谓语动词的关系
动作发生在谓语动作之后
与谓语动作同时发生
动作发生在谓语动作之前
动作发生在谓语动作之前
To do that sort of thing
is foolish
。主语
I want
to see you
this evening.
宾语
All you have to do is
to finish it quickl
y.
表语
We found a house
to live in
.
定语
She came here
to study English
.
状语
I warned the patient
not to eat cold water
after the operation.
宾补
不定式或不定式短语可起名词，形容词和副词的作用，在句中做
主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语和2
路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索
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百度文库
宾语补足语。
一，不定式在句中的作用：
1
、主语：不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。
eg: To make a new dress takes her a lot of time.
Not to get there in time is your fault.
注：常句型
1
：
It +
谓语
+ to do
eg: It takes us an hour to get there by bus.
句型
2
：
It’s + n. + to do
eg: It’s our duty to help the poor.
句型
3
：
It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.
E.g. It is important for him to get up early.
It is very honest of her to help the old people.
注：
for/of sb to do sth
为不定式复合结构。
1) of
引起的复合结构只能做主语。
eg: It’s very kind of you to help me.
用
it
做形式主语，将
to do
放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。
2) for
引起的复合结构在句中可做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语等。
eg: Another method is for them to leave at once. (
表语
)
We’d better find so
me work for the children to do. (
定语
)
He put the paper on desk for you to read. (
状语
)
What he told her made it impossible for him to go on her work. (
宾语
)
It’s common for leaves to fall form the trees in autumn. (
主语
)
2
、做表语
：主语
+
系动词
+
不定式
1).
其主语多为抽象名词
(wish, need)
eg: My wish is to be a scientist.
The main thing is to keep our room clean.
2).
不定式
to let, to blame, to seek
做表语
,
主动表被动
.
eg: The house is to let.
3). be to do
可构成将来时态
,
表
“
准备
/
打算
/
计划
/
需要
”; be
是助动词，无词义
,
其主语为具体名词
(
人
/
事物
);
eg: She is to return next week.
It was about to leave when it started to rain.
3.
做定语
:
不定式做定语总是放 在它所修饰的名词之后
,
不定式表示的行为通常是未来的行为
,
它们
常和被修饰的词有动宾关系
,
主谓关系和修饰性关系
.
1).
动宾关系
:
I have a lot of work to do.
Give me a piece of paper to write on.
2).
主谓关系
:
She is the best person to finish the work.
Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboat.
3).
修饰性关系
(
同位
),
它所修饰的词多为抽象名词
.
need, time, way, right, chance, courage, reason, wish, movement.
eg: There is no need for him to come.
He has no time to read the book.
4.
做状语
:
1).
目的状语
:
可放于句首
,
也可放于句末
,
前面可加
in order/so as/so…as to
表强调
.
3
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eg: He went to see the artist himself.
He stopped to have a look.
He ran so fast as to get to school in time.
2).
结果状语
:
主要用在
enough to/too…to…/only to
结构中。
eg: The question is too difficult to answer.
They worked hard enough to finish their work.
I hurried to the supermarket, only to find it was closed.
3).
原因状语
:
主语
+
系动词
+adj.+ to do
a).
表感情的
adj.
有
:
happy,
surprised,
pleased,
glad,
sorry,
anxious(
忧虑
),
disappointed,
careful,
afraid,
wrong.
eg: I’m very sorry to see you.
He was afraid to leave him home.
b).
说明句中主语在哪个方面存在形容词所表示的情况时
,
即与句中主语 构成逻辑上的动宾关系，主
动表被动
. interesting, difficult, easy, important, possible, expensive, dangerous, useful.
eg: The question is easy to answer.
He is difficult to teach.
5.
做宾语
:
不定式做宾语的情况，一般表示将来的行为
,
这时谓语和不定式的动作都是主语发出的
.
1).
下列动词只能按不定式做宾语
.
plan, choose, manage, learn, pretend, agree, decide, refuse.
promise, prepare, offer, fail, hope, wish, expect, ask;demand, want, hesitate
2).
不定式做动词
tell, teach, know, show, find out, discover, see(understand)
的宾语时
,
不定式前常加连< br>接代词
who, which, what
和连接副词
how, when, where
构成不定式短语做宾语
.
eg: I don't know how to get there.
注
: why
不能与不定式连用
.
3). begin, start, continue
后接不定式
,
动名词意思一样
.
4). like, love, hate, prefer
动名词表经常性的动作，不定式表一次性动作
.
5). remember, forget, regret
后动名词表已经做过的动作,
不定式表没有做过或将要做的动作
.
6). stop, try, go on, mean, propose
后两者都可
,
但意义不同
.
propose to do
计划
,
打算做
propose doing
建议做
7). a). prefer doing to doing
prefer to do rather than do
b). be used to doing
used to do
c). it’s no use doing
it’s useless to do
d). be worth doing
be worthy of being done
be worthy to be done
6.
做宾补
(
与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系
)
1).
有些动词
(
短语
)
必须接
to
的不定式做宾补
ask, warn, want, allow, permit, order, advise, force, beg, cause, encourage, invite, persuade, get, require,
prefer, call, leave, expect, use(allow/permit/advise doing sth)
2).
与表示说话或心理状态的动词
say, report, believe, suppose, think, understand, consider
等的被动语
态连用
.
eg: He is said to have written a new book about workers.
4