宾语从句及动词不定式讲解
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2021年01月31日 23:35
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寒风凛冽的意思-余秋雨的散文
宾语从句
如何区分宾语从句？
They
know
the teacher.
主语
谓语
宾语
They
know
the
teacher
is a
man .
主语
谓语
宾语从句
▲句子做宾语就是宾语从句。
宾语从句在复合句中做主句的宾语．
1.
时态一致
:
1)
当主句是一般现在时
,
从句可根据需要
,< br>采用任何一种时态
.
例如
:He says that he will be free tomorrow.
I know that man lived here five years ago.
2)
当主句是过去时
,
从句也应该采用过去的某种时态形式与之相对应
.
例如
: He thought the train was like a big moving party.
（从句为一般过去时）
He said he was going to take care of the child.
（从句为过去将来时）
He said he had never seen the film. (
在这句中，从句为过去完成时
)
但当从句所陈述的是客观事实或普遍真理
,
从句时态用一般现在时
.
例如
: The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.
The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.
Jim said that time is life.
2.
引导词
:
1)
当宾语从句由
陈述句
充当时
,
由
t hat
引导
,
在口语或非正式文体
中可以省略
.
例如
:I believe ( that ) you are right.
He said ( that ) the fastest way to travel was by plane.
2)
当宾语从句由
一般疑问句
充当时
,
由
if
或
whether
引导
,
作“是否”解。
例如
: Is his name John? / Could you tell me?
Could you tell me if /whether his name is John?
Are they going to the Great Wall? Jim wants to know...
Jim wants to know if/whether they are going to the Great Wall.
3)
当宾语从句由
特殊疑问句
充当时
,
特殊疑问词就是引导词
,
例如
:Do you know what time the plane leaves?
3.
语序
:
1)
当宾语从句由
陈述句
充当时
,
保持原来的语序
,
即陈述句语序
.
例如
:
陈述句变为宾语从句时
,
要注意人称和时态的变化
,
语序不变。
eg. She said,
“
I will leave a message on the desk.
”
= She said she would leave a message on the desk.
He said (that )the fastest way to travel was by plane .
2)
当宾语从句由
疑问句
(
包括一般疑问句和特殊疑问句
)
充当时< br>,
除引导词外
,
此后变
为陈述句语序
.
例如
:
即
If / whether +
主语
+
谓语部分
或疑问词＋主语＋谓语部分
Eg.
“Where are the tickets?” I asked him.
=I asked him where the tickets were.
I don’t know if/whether he could answer the question.
Please tell me who(whom) I will meet tomorrow.
4.
宾语从句和状语从句的区分
：
eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow.
2) I don
’
t know if the train has arrived.
句
1
中
if
引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”
，整个句子的 意思是如果明天天
气好，我就出去。句
2
中
if
引导的是宾语从句， 充当谓语动词
don
’
t
know
的宾语。整
个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否已到达。
判断方法：
1
、可以从整个句式看。状语 从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外）
，宾
语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
2
、从引导词看。
if
充当宾语从句的连接词时 ，相当于
whether
，
词义为“是否”
，充
当状语从 句的连接词时，词义为“如果”
。
when
充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”
，
充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当……的时候”
(
)
We're
not
sure
if
it
_______
it
_______
，
we
won't
climb
the
South
Hill.
（
2004
年青海西宁）
snow
；
snows
snow
；
will snow
；
snows
；
will snow
5.
宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为
“
特殊疑问词
+
不定式
”
、
“it +
形容词
+
不定式短语
”
1
）
I don't know what I should do with the letter.
（改为简单句）
（
2005
年山东烟台）
I don't know what __________
_________ with the letter.
2
）
Can you tell me how to get to the nearest hospital? (
改为宾语从句
)
Can you tell me how _______
______
________
_____ the nearest hospital?
3
）
I think it is very important to study English well.
I think _______
________ to study English well.
宾语从句习题
（
）
you tell me ________?
A if he would come tomorrow
B will he come tomorrow
C whether he will come tomorrow
D
If he
comes tomorrow
（
）
you tell me ___________________?
A where is the part ?
B w
ho’s on duty ?
C whose book is this ?
D what are they doing ?
（
）
3. I want to know ___________.
A. which house does your sister live
B. which houses does his uncle live in
C. which house his uncle lives
D. which house his uncle lives in
（
）
4. Father told us that they _____ on a field trip.
A. will go
B. are going
C. have gone
D. were going
（
）
5. I want to know ________.
A. who is he waiting
B. who is he waiting for