初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法(教案)

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动词不定式用法





动词不定式没有人称和 数的变化,
在句中不能独立作谓语。
但动词不定式具有名词、

容词和副词特 征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。
另外,动词不定式具有动词 特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不
定式的肯定形式是
to

do
;其否定形式是
not to

do



下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。


1
.作主语






可以直接作主语。如:


To see is to believe







但在英语中,常用
it
作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如:






It's wrong to play tricks on other people







It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy



点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在
It is

adj +(for sb.)

(not)to do sth

型中,表示说话人 对客观事件的决断,意为:做

..

……
的,
it
仅作形式主语,真正的主
语是
to do sth
It is very interesting to read.
读书是有趣的

It is useful to read.
看书是有用的

It is healthy to run every day.
每天跑步是健康的

It is a little difficulty for me to work out this question.
解出这道题对我来说有点难

It is bad not to finish homework.
不完成作业是糟糕的

It is bad to be late for school.
迟到是糟糕的

It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth
该句型通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、
难过等感叹情绪,与
It is

adj +(for sb.)

(not)to do sth
的意义不同。

It is very kind of you to tell me the truth
.你能告诉我事实,真是太好了

It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing


他做那件傻事,真是太笨了

It is very clever of you to work out this question.
你能解出这道题目,真是太聪明了

It is very wise of you to read this novel.
你看这本小说,真是太明智了

这个句型中用介词
of
而不是
for
的原因是这里的形容词是用来形容人的品质性格的。

类似的词有:
careless

careful

clever

co nsiderate

foolish

good

imp olite

kind


naughty

ni ce

silly

stupid

friendly
因此区分是用
It is

adj +(for sb.)

(not)to do sth
还是
It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth
,要
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清楚
adj
修饰的是
sb
还是
to do sth
例如:
It is nice for me to have breakfast with you

nice
是指
have breakfast with you
这件
事)对于我来说,能和你一起吃早餐真好。

It is nice of you to help him with his English.

nice
是指
you
,形容人的品质)你帮他补习
英语,真是太好了。





2
.作宾语







a

want

decide

agree

afford


agree


aim


appear


ask


believe


care

claim

decide

demand


desire


determine


expect


fail


happen


hesitate


hope


intend
(有打算)


learn


long
(渴望)


manage


offer


pretend


promise


prepare


refuse


seek


swear
(发誓)


undertake
(承担)

want


wish
等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。
如:


We agreed to start early





She wants to be a doctor








b

love

like

begin

start

hate

prefer
等词后面可以接不定式。












点击规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。











提示板:
like doing
指经常性动作,而
like to do
指一次性的动作。如:












I like swimming

but I don't like to swim now
.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。







c

stop

forget
remember

go on

try
等词或短语后面可以接不定式。












点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。












提示板:












1

stop to do sth

:停止一件事,去做另一件事。















stop doing sth

:停止正在做的事。









2

forget to do sth
:忘记要去做某事(未做)


forget doing sth
:忘记做过某事(已做)

3

remember to do sth
:记得去做某事(未做)


remember doing sth
:记得做过某事(已做)

4

go on to do sth
:接着做另一件事(接下去做与原来不同的一件事)


go on doing sth
:继续不停的做某事或间断后继续做原来没有做完的事

5

try to do sth

试着做某事
(实际上意思是努力想做成某事
eg:I tried to escape,but
I failed.
我努力着想逃走,但是没有成功)

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Try doing sth
:试着做某事(实际上是为了达到另外一个 目的,
-------
here,isn't it?
很热,
是吧。

“恩,
就是。
咱们开开空调吧,看看能不能凉快点儿。





例句:
When the teacher came in

the students stopped talking

when he came out

the students
stopped to talk


当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。







d
.在
find
/< br>feel

it

adj
.+
to do sth< br>.句型中,
it
是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的
动词不定式。
就是说 不定式由
it
代替,
把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达:动词
(< br>如
find


think

consider
feel

)+it+
形容词
+
不定式。如:








She considers it necessary to make friends with him.

We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o’clock.







The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep









I feel it easy to recite the text








e.
动词
+疑问代
(

)

+
不定式:

这类动词常见的有
advise


decide


find out


forget


inquire


know


learn


see


regard


remember


teach


tell


understand


wonder
等。常见的疑问代
(

)
词有
: what


when


where


which


how


whether
等。

does not know when to start.
can decide whether to continue or to stop.
3.I will show you how to deal with it.




3
.作宾语补足语






a

tell

ask

want

order

teach

invit e

warn

wish

help

g et

wish

help
等词后
面常接不定式作宾补。如 :













I tell him not to go there by bus













Edison's mother taught him to read and write







b

let

make

have
see

hear

feel

watch


notice
后面接不带
to
的不定式作宾补。
如:




The boss makes them work 16 hours a day


I heard her sing in the next room




提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号
to
要加上。如:







They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss








She was heard to sing in the next room


服装品牌策划-内蒙古大学分数线


服装品牌策划-内蒙古大学分数线


服装品牌策划-内蒙古大学分数线


服装品牌策划-内蒙古大学分数线


服装品牌策划-内蒙古大学分数线


服装品牌策划-内蒙古大学分数线


服装品牌策划-内蒙古大学分数线


服装品牌策划-内蒙古大学分数线