初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法(教案)
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动词不定式用法
动词不定式没有人称和 数的变化,
在句中不能独立作谓语。
但动词不定式具有名词、
形
容词和副词特 征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。
另外,动词不定式具有动词 特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不
定式的肯定形式是
to
+
do
;其否定形式是
not to
+
do
。
下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。
1
.作主语
可以直接作主语。如:
To see is to believe
.
但在英语中,常用
it
作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如:
It's wrong to play tricks on other people
.
It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy
.
点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在
It is
+
adj +(for sb.)
+
(not)to do sth
句
型中,表示说话人 对客观事件的决断,意为:做
…
..
是
……
的,
it
仅作形式主语,真正的主
语是
to do sth
It is very interesting to read.
读书是有趣的
It is useful to read.
看书是有用的
It is healthy to run every day.
每天跑步是健康的
It is a little difficulty for me to work out this question.
解出这道题对我来说有点难
It is bad not to finish homework.
不完成作业是糟糕的
It is bad to be late for school.
迟到是糟糕的
It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth
该句型通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、
难过等感叹情绪,与
It is
+
adj +(for sb.)
+
(not)to do sth
的意义不同。
It is very kind of you to tell me the truth
.你能告诉我事实,真是太好了
It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing
.
他做那件傻事,真是太笨了
It is very clever of you to work out this question.
你能解出这道题目,真是太聪明了
It is very wise of you to read this novel.
你看这本小说,真是太明智了
这个句型中用介词
of
而不是
for
的原因是这里的形容词是用来形容人的品质性格的。
类似的词有:
careless
,
careful
,
clever
,
co nsiderate
,
foolish
,
good
,
imp olite
,
kind
,
naughty
,
ni ce
,
silly
,
stupid
,
friendly
因此区分是用
It is
+
adj +(for sb.)
+
(not)to do sth
还是
It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth
,要
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清楚
adj
修饰的是
sb
还是
to do sth
例如:
It is nice for me to have breakfast with you
(
nice
是指
have breakfast with you
这件
事)对于我来说,能和你一起吃早餐真好。
It is nice of you to help him with his English.
(
nice
是指
you
,形容人的品质)你帮他补习
英语,真是太好了。
2
.作宾语
a
.
want
,
decide
,
agree
,
afford
,
agree
,
aim
,
appear
,
ask
,
believe
,
care
,
claim
,
decide
,
demand
,
desire
,
determine
,
expect
,
fail
,
happen
,
hesitate
,
hope
,
intend
(有打算)
,
learn
,
long
(渴望)
,
manage
,
offer
,
pretend
,
promise
,
prepare
,
refuse
,
seek
,
swear
(发誓)
,
undertake
(承担)
,
want
,
wish
等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。
如:
We agreed to start early
.
She wants to be a doctor
.
b
.
love
,
like
,
begin
,
start
,
hate
,
prefer
等词后面可以接不定式。
点击规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。
提示板:
like doing
指经常性动作,而
like to do
指一次性的动作。如:
I like swimming
,
but I don't like to swim now
.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。
c
.
stop
,
forget
,remember
,
go on
,
try
等词或短语后面可以接不定式。
点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。
提示板:
1
)
stop to do sth
.
:停止一件事,去做另一件事。
stop doing sth
.
:停止正在做的事。
2
)
forget to do sth
:忘记要去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth
:忘记做过某事(已做)
3
)
remember to do sth
:记得去做某事(未做)
remember doing sth
:记得做过某事(已做)
4
)
go on to do sth
:接着做另一件事(接下去做与原来不同的一件事)
go on doing sth
:继续不停的做某事或间断后继续做原来没有做完的事
5
)
try to do sth
:
试着做某事
(实际上意思是努力想做成某事
eg:I tried to escape,but
I failed.
我努力着想逃走,但是没有成功)
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Try doing sth
:试着做某事(实际上是为了达到另外一个 目的,
-------
here,isn't it?
很热,
是吧。
“恩,
就是。
咱们开开空调吧,看看能不能凉快点儿。
”
)
例句:
When the teacher came in
,
the students stopped talking
;
when he came out
,
the students
stopped to talk
.
当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。
d
.在
find
/< br>feel
+
it
+
adj
.+
to do sth< br>.句型中,
it
是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的
动词不定式。
就是说 不定式由
it
代替,
把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达:动词
(< br>如
find
,
think
,
consider,
feel
等
)+it+
形容词
+
不定式。如:
She considers it necessary to make friends with him.
We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o’clock.
The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep
.
I feel it easy to recite the text
.
e.
动词
+疑问代
(
副
)
词
+
不定式:
这类动词常见的有
advise
,
decide
,
find out
,
forget
,
inquire
,
know
,
learn
,
see
,
regard
,
remember
,
teach
,
tell
,
understand
,
wonder
等。常见的疑问代
(
副
)
词有
: what
,
when
,
where
,
which
,
how
,
whether
等。
does not know when to start.
can decide whether to continue or to stop.
3.I will show you how to deal with it.
3
.作宾语补足语
a
.
tell
,
ask
,
want
,
order
,
teach
,
invit e
,
warn
,
wish
,
help
,
g et
,
wish
,
help
等词后
面常接不定式作宾补。如 :
I tell him not to go there by bus
.
Edison's mother taught him to read and write
.
b
.
let
,
make
,
have,
see
,
hear
,
feel
,
watch
,
notice
后面接不带
to
的不定式作宾补。
如:
The boss makes them work 16 hours a day
.
I heard her sing in the next room
.
提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号
to
要加上。如:
They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss
.
She was heard to sing in the next room
.