infinitive and gerund(不定式和动名词用法归纳)
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2021年01月31日 23:46
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动名词不定式用法专议
一
.
用动名词的情况
1.
v+doing (recite
背出来
)
D,M,E,P,S,I,C,A,R,F (understand)
D
: deny delay
M
: mind, miss, mention
E
: enjoy, escape, excuse, encourage(
鼓励
)
P:
practice, prevent, permit
（允许）
S
: suggest, save
I:
imagine
C
: consider(
考虑
)
A
: admit, avoid, advise, allow, appreciate(
感激，欣赏
)
R
: resist(
抵制；抵御
), risk
，
recommend(
推荐，建议
)
F:
finish, feel like, forbid(
禁止
)
*Attention:
*allow, permit, forbid, advise, recommend, encourage
+sb.+to do sth
+doing
e.g. we don
’
t allow students to smoke here.
smoking here
I recommend taking a holiday.
you to take a holiday.
*need, want, require,
”
需要
”
，
deserve
“应得”
，可以主动形式表示被动含义
e.g. The window needs/ wants/ requires cleaning
to be cleaned.
He deserved hanging
(
他最该万死
)
to be hanged
The book is (well) worth reading. (
这本书非常值得一读
)
2.
使用动名词的句型
1
）
there is no + doing = it is impossible to do
根本不可能
is no telling what will happen.
2) it is
no use/good + doing
“
做。
。
。是没用的
”
not any use/ good
useless
e.g.
It is no use/ good making an excuse for this.
3)
在
have trouble
等的后面
have difficulty / trouble (in) + doing
have fun/ headaches
(in) + doing
e.g. We had great difficulty (in) solving the problem
They had a lot of fun listening to the story.
1
4)
在下列以
time
为中心词的短语后
have a hard/ good time
waste/spend a lot of time
lose no time
(in) + doing
e.g. We had a difficult time finding a hotel.
5) do (some/ much/ a lot of) + cooking,cleaning, reading, washing, sightseeing
go fishing, swimming, surfing, shopping
3.
关于动名词的逻辑主语
e.g.
Tom
’
s /His
being late for school made the teacher angry.
She
didn’t
mind
jack
’
s/ his
coming late.
二
.
用不定式的情况
1.
V + to do
attempt, agree, ask, arrange, choose, decide, desire(
要求
)
，demand(
要求
)
，
expect, fail(
未能)
，
hope
，
intend(
打算
)
，manage
（设法）
，
offer
，
promis e
（承诺）
，
pretend
（假装）
，
wish
2.
V + sb. + to do
advise, allow, ask, cause(
引起
)
，
expect
（期 望）
，
drive(
迫使
)
，
force, get, invite
3.
不定式作定语
A decision to leave /
ways to protect our crops/
the ability to solve the problem
the attempt to rescue Christine/
the ambition to be a writer/
the chance to go abroad
He is looking for a room to live
in
.
There is nothing to worry
about.
Please give me a knife to cut
with.
The only,
序数词（
the first, the second, the last,
形容词最高级修饰的名词也常用不
定式作定语
is
the first
person to leave the office.
He loves parties. He is aleays
the first
to come and
the last
to leave.
4.
不定式作状语
*
目的状语
in order to, in order not to
so as to, so as not to(
不能用于句首
)
e.g. check your article in order to avoid mistakes.
*
结果状语
e.g. He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. (
表示出乎意料
)
2