动词不定式与非谓语动词
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2021年02月01日 00:00
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龙文教育个性化辅导教案
年
月
日
教师
授课层次
学生
授课课题
授课时间
课型
点
1
、知识目标：
教学目标
2
、能力目标：
教学重点
和难点
1
、重点：
2
、难点：
教学内容：
动
词
不
定
式
不定式：
to +
动词原形
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
动词不定式的基本形式是
“to +
动词原形
”
，有时可以不带< br>to
。动词不定式（或不定式
短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不 定式仍可保留动词的特
点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
如：
to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting
等
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以 作主语、表语、宾语、
宾语补足语、定语和状语：
句法作用
例
句
作宾语
She wanted
to borrowed my radio.
They began
to read and write.
作状语
She went
to see her grandma last
Sunday .
He came
to give us a talk yesterday.
Lucy asked him
to turn off the radio
.
作宾语补足语
She asked me
to speak more loudly
Jim told Ling Feng
to go home at once .
The father made his son
study hard.
作定语
Have you got anything
to say?
I had something
to eat this morning .
作主语
To learn a foreign language
is not
easy.
注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为< br>it
替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如：
It
is not easy
to learn a foreign language.
It
took us three days
to do the work.
动词不定式的否定形式由
“not+
动词不定式
”
构成
.
如
:
Tell him
not to be late.
The policeman told the boys
not to play in the street.
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4)
不定式省去
to
的情况
:
在感官动词
see
，
watch
，
look at
，
hear
，
listen to
，
fee l
和使役
动词
make
，
have
，
let
等所接的宾语中（不定式做宾语不足语），不定式应省去
to
。但
是在被动语态中不 能省。如：
Let me listen to you sing the song.
He watched his son play computer games.
I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away.
The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the
whole night.
5)
动词不定式和疑问词连用
动词不定式可以和疑问词
what ,which, how, where, when
等连用，
构成不定式短语。
如：
The question is
when to start.
I don’t know
where to go .
He showed me
how to use a computer.
What to do
is a big problem.
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
翻译下列句子，说出句中不定式的作用：
1. To grow plants is very important.
2. It is so nice to hear your voice.
3. My dream is to be a pilot.
4. He began to read and write at the age of five.
5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.
6. Tom came to see me last night.
7. I am glad to see you.
you got anything to say?
are many places to see in China.
10.I asked him not to open the window.
11. I don’t know what to buy for you.
12. I saw him dance.
13. He often helps me clean the room.
14. They are too shy to speak English.
15. He was lucky enough to find his watch.
16. I want you to go there together with me.
解析：
1
、
To grow plants
做主语；
2
、
to hear your voice
做主语；
3
、
to be a pilot
作表语；
4
、
to read and write
作宾语；
5
、
to speak more loudly
作宾语补足语；
6
、
to see me
作状语；
7
、
to see you
作状语；
8
、
to say
作定语；
9
、
to see
作定语；
10
、
not to open the window
作宾语补足语；
11
、
what to buy
作宾语 ；
12
、
dance
作宾语补足语（省略
to
）；
13
、
clean
the room
作宾语补足语（省略
to
）；
14
、
to speak English
作状语；
15
、
to find his watch
作状语；
16
、
to go there together with me
作宾语补足语。
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
选择最佳答案填空：
1. Tell him ______ the light.
A. to turn
B. not to turn on
C. to not turn
D. not to turn
2. It took us more than two hours _______ the dinner.
A. prepare
B. preparing
C. to prepare
D. to be prepared
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3. We felt the earth _______.
A. move
B. moveing
C. to move
D. be moved
4. The students were made ______ the text ten times.
A. read
B. reading
C. to read
D. to be read
5. The chair looks rather hard _______, but in fact it is very comfortable.
A. to sit
B. to sit on
C. sitting
D. sit
6. Nobody knows __________next.
A. what to do
B. to do what
C. which to do
D. how to do
7. It is very important ______ us ________these words.
A. to, to remember
B. for, to remember
C. for, remember
D. for, remembering
8. _______ English well, one must have a lot practice.
A. For speaking
B. Speaking
C. To speak
D. Speak
9. I’m going to the library ______ the books.
A. return
B. borrow
C. to return
D. to lend
10. We went to town _________ some shopping.
A. doing
B. did
C. to make
D. to do
11. The funny story _______ me laugh.
A. make
B. making
C. to make
D. made
12. After the final exam, I think all the students want _________.
A. stop to have a rest
B. to stop having a rest
C. to stop to have a rest
D. stopping to have a rest
13. It is very kind _______ you to help me with my housework. It is hard _____me to do all
the work.
A. of, for
B. for, of
C. of, to
D. to, for
14. Many people think it very difficult _______ English.
A. to say
B. to learn
C. speak
D. for speaking
15. The teacher asked the students __________ her _______ the word again.
A. listen to; to read
B. to hear; say
C. to listen to; speak
D. to listen to; pronounce
er ______ the book here tomorrow.
A. bring
B. to bring
C. take
D. to take
17. ---Let's have a rest, shall we?
--- Not now. I don't want to stop _______ the letter yet.
A. write
B. to write
C. writing
D. and write
18. ---This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me __________, Wang Lin?
--- Sure.
A. what to work it out
B. what to work out it
C. how to work it out
D. how to work out it
19.--- How can I improve my spoken English?
--- You have to practise ______ as much as
you can.
A. speak
B. speaking
C. spoken
D. to speak
20. --- How about going hiking this weekend?
--- Sorry. I prefer _______ rather than _______.
A. to stay at home, go out
B. to go out, stay at home
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C. staying at home, go out
D. going out, stay at home
1-5 BBACB
6-10
ABCCD
11-15
DCABD
16-20
BCCBA
非谓语动词
一
.
定义：非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，即动词的非谓语形式 。约占中考
10%
。
二
.
分类：动词不定式、
v-ing
形式和过去分词。
1.
动词不定式
1)
构成：
(not) to do / (not) do
2)
句法功能：
（
1
）作主语：
To finish the work
in ten minutes is very hard.
十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难
的。
To lose your heart
means failure.
灰心意味着失败。
动词不定式 短语作主语时，常用
it
作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，
例如上面两句可用如下形式：
It
is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难
的。
It
means failure to lose your heart.
灰心意味着失败。
常用句式：
It+be+
名词
+to do sth.
It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.
It+be+
形容词
+of /forsb +to do sth.
常用
careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid,
wise,
等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的
sb.
可作其逻辑主语。
区别：当使用
for
时，句中形容词修饰的是不定式；
It’s necessary for you to study hard .
（
necessary
修饰
to study hard
，表示学习努力是有必要的）
而用
of
时，句中形容词修饰逻辑主语。
It’s foolish of him to do it .
（
foolish
修饰逻辑主语
him
）
（
2
）作表语：
Her job is to clean the hall.
她的工作是打扫大厅。
seem
作连系动词，其后的
to be
不定式可省。
She seems to be ill today.= She seems ill.= It seems that she is ill.
（
3
）作宾语：
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：
want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend,
refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer,
I hope to get good grades.
I want to help you.
注意：
①如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用
it
作形式 宾语，真正的宾语（不定
式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面。
I found it difficult to learn math well.
②动词不定式也可充当介词宾语。
I have no choice but to stay here.
我只能留在这里，别无选择。
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He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
他上周日除了修他的自行车什么也没干。
③动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用。
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
他给了我们一些学英语的建
议。
（
4
）作宾语补足语：
在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：
want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause,
force, call on, wait for, invite.
有些动词如
make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have
等与不带有
to
的不定式连用，
但改为被动语态时，不 定式要加
to,
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
（
5
）作定语：
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。
He found a good house to live in.
（
6
）作状语：
①表目的：
He worked day and night to get the money.
他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表
链。
②表结果
(
往往是与预期愿望相反的结果
意料之外
)
，常位于句尾。
He arrived late only to find the train had gone.
他来晚了，只见火车已经走
了。
I visited him only to find him out.
我去拜访他，只见他出去了。
③表原因：
hey were very sad to hear the news.
他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。
④表程度：
It's too dark for us to see anything.
太暗了，我们什么也看不见。
⑤表条件：不定式表条件常位于句首。
To be heated
，
liquid will change into gas.
如果受热，液体就会变成气体。
⑥表方式
:
不定式可接在
as if / as though
之后
He moved his mouth as if to say something.
他嘴唇动了动，好像要说什么
事。
（
7
）不定式做独立成分
To tell you the truth, I don
’
t like it.
告诉你实话，我不喜欢它。
（
8
）不定式的省略：保留
t o
省略
do
动词。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
如果你不想做这件事，你就不必
做。
（
9
）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略
to
。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
他希望学医并成为医生。
2.v-ing
形式
1
）分类：
v-ing
形式包括现在分词和动名词，
2
）句法功能：
（
1
）作主语：
Reading aloud is very helpful.
朗读是很有好处的。
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（
2
）作表语：
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
（
3
）作宾语：
They haven't finished building the dam.
他们还没有建好大坝。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy,
finish,
suggest,
avoid,
excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider,
admit
（承认），
deny
（否认）
, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk
（冒险）
,
appreciate
（感激）
, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help
（情不自
禁地）
, think of, dream of,
be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…
（
from
）
,protect…from, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to,
pay attention to, insist on,
（
4
）作定语：
Is there a swimming pool in your school?
你们学校有游泳池吗？
3.
过去分词
1
）构成：
-ed
2
）句法功能：
（
1
）做定语
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.
上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
（
2
）做宾语补足语
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
（
3
）做表语
They were frightened at the sad sight.
他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害
怕。
注意：
1.
有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别
1
）
forget to do
忘记要去做某事（此事未做）
forget doing
忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）
2
）
stop to do
停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事
stop doing
停止正在做的事
3
）
remember to do
记住去做某事（未做）
remember doing
记得做过某事
(
已做
)
4) regret to do
对要做的事遗憾
regret doing
对做过的事遗憾、后悔
5
）
try to do
尽全力，努力做某事
try doing
尝试做某事
6) mean to do
打算，有意要
…
mean doing
意味着
7
）
go on to do
继而（去做另外一件事情）
go on doing
继续（原先没有做完的事情）
8
）
propose to do
打算（要做某事）
proposing doing
建议（做某事）
9)
learn to do …
学着去做某事