初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法讲解学习
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语法（一）动词不定式用法
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，
在句中不能独立作谓语。
但动词不定式具 有名词、
形
容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种 成分。
另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不
定式的肯定形式是
to
＋
do
；其否定形式是
not to
＋
do
。
下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。
1
．作主语
可以直接作主语。如：
To see is to believe
．
但在英语中，常用
it
作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如：
It's wrong to play tricks on other people
．
It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy
．
点击规律：
动词不定式在句中作主语时，
常放在
It is
＋
adj
．
（形容词）
＋
to do sth
．
或
It
is
＋
n
．
（名词）＋
to do sth
．句型中，
it
仅作形式主语。
2
．作宾语
a
．
want
，
decide
，
agree
等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如：
We agreed to start early
．
She wants to be a doctor
．
b
．
love
，
like
，
begin
，
start
，
hate
，
prefer
等词后面可以接不定式。
点击规律：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。
提示板：
like doing
指经常性动作，而
like to do
指一次性的动作。如：
I like swimming
，
but I don't like to swim now
．我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。
c
．
stop
，
forget
，remember
，
go on
，
try
等词或短语后面可以接不定式。
点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。
提示板：
1
）
stop to do sth
．
：停止一件事，去做另一件事。
stop doing sth
．
：停止正在做的事。
例句：
When the teacher came in
，
the students stopped talking
；
when he came out
，
the students
stopped to talk
．
当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。
2
）思考：
forget
，
remember
，
g o on
，
try
等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法
有何区别？
d
．在
find
／< br>feel
＋
it
＋
adj
．＋
to do sth< br>．句型中，
it
是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的
动词不定式。如：
The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep
．
I feel it easy to recite the text
．
点击规律：
某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，
又可接动名词 作宾语，
二者
用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上面
stop
例句。
3
．作宾语补足语
a
．
tell
，ask
，
want
，
order
，
teach
，
invite
，
warn
，
wish
，
help
，
get
，
wish
，
help
等词后
面 常接不定式作宾补。如：
I tell him not to go there by bus
．
Edison's mother taught him to read and write
．
b
．
let
，
make
，
have
，
see
，
hear
，
feel
，
watch
，
notice
后面接不带
to
的不定式作宾补。
如：
The boss makes them work 16 hours a day
．
I heard her sing in the next room
．
提示板：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号
to
要加上。如：
They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss
．
She was heard to sing in the next room
．
4
．作定语
：放在被修饰的名词、代词后面
例句：
I have a lot of work to do
．
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The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy
．
点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。
提示板：如果动词不定式 和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，
切记不要忘掉介词。如：
I have a small bedroom to live in
．
Have you got some pens to write with
？
5
．表语
：放在连系动词
be
后面
例句：
His wish is to become a scientist
．
The first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives
．
当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。
点击规律：
动词 不定式在句中作表语时，
通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。
6
．作状语
a
．目的状语：放在
go
，come
，
use
，
live
，
in order
等词后面。如：
I come to see you
．
He runs fast in order to get there in time
．
b
．原因状语：放在
sorry
，
glad
，
surprised
，
disappointed
，
excited
等词后面。如：
I am glad to see you here
．
I am sorry to trouble you
．
c
．作结果状语。如：
Some of the apples are hard to reach
．
The room is large enough to hold 1000 people
．
7
．与
what
，< br>who
，
whose
，
when
，
where
，
how
等疑问词连用，作宾语、宾语补足语、
主语等。如：
I don't know what to do next
．
（宾语）
He taught us how to use the computer
．
（宾语补足语）
It's still a question how to get there
．
（主语）
1. Don't forget _________ the letter.
A. to send
B. send
C. sending
D. being sent
2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _________.
A. sit
B. sit on
C. be sat
D. be sat on
3. Is ______ necessary to return the book tomorrow?
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. which
4. I'm afraid they would not allow him ________ here.
A. to smoke
B. smoking
C. smokes
D. smoke
5. Mother told me ________ the water before I drank it.
A. boiling
B. boiled
C. boil
D. to boil
6. On my way home, I stopped _______ some food.
A. buy
B. to buy
C. buying
D. bought
7. John was made _______ the car for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash
B. washing
C. wash
D. to be washing
8. The sitting-room needs _______, but it'll have to wait until Saturday.
A. be cleaning B. to be cleaned
C. clean D. being cleaned
9. The first thing I want to do is __________.
A. visit to him B. to visit him
C. visiting him D. visited him
10. Li Yang advised me _________ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk.
A. not to drink B. to drink
C. not drinking
D. drinking
一
.
用动词不定式或
ing
分词填空
1. I enjoy_________.(sing)
2. What do you want________(do) next ?
3. I learnt ______(swim) when I was three years old.
4. I was very upset and started_____ (cry).
5. I hope _______(see) you again soon. 6. It is a fine day today, so I suggest_____(go) for a walk.
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7. Have you finished _________ (mop) the floor.8. He was very angry and refuse __(say)anything.
9. Where is Lily ? I need ________(talk) with her.
10. I am too fat, so I have decided _________(do) more exercise.
二
.
选出正确答案
(
)1. I usually go ________ with my mother at weekends.
A. shop
B. to shop
C. shopping
(
)2. He is not old enough ________ to school.
A. to go
B. go
C. going
(
)3. The man admitted _________the bank.
A. rob
B. to rob
C. robbing
(
)4. People must stop ________down trees.
A. to cut
B. cutting
C. cut
(
)5. I’d rather_______ a cup of coffee.
A. to have
B. having
D. have
(
)6. Mike managed to give up _________.
A. to smoke
B. smoking
C. smoke
(
)7. I am sorry to have kept you ________ for such a long time.
A. to wait
B. waiting
C. wait
(
)8. She has a nice voice. I often hear her________ in the morning.
A. singing
B. to sing
C. sing
(
)9. I don’t like traveling by boat, it always
makes me ______sick.
A. to feel
B. feeling
C. feel
(
)10. Let me_______ you around the city.
A. show
B. to show
C. showing
(
)11. I put the flowers on the porch_______ from the rain.
A. protecting
B. to protect
C. protected
D. to be protected
(
)12. Kathy decided ______ hard and make herself______ behind the others.
A. to work; not fall
B. working; not to fall
C. to work; fall
D. working; to fall
(
)13. She forgot_______ the TV when she left home.
A. to turn off
B. turned off
C. turning off
D. turn off
(
)14. My parents want me ________ good marks.
A. get
B. to get
C. getting
D. got
(
)15. The doctor asked Mary ________the medicine three times a day.
A. not to remember taking
B. not to forget taking
C. not to remember to take
D. not to forget to take
(
)16. His job is________ the students’ meetings.
A. organize
B. to organize
C. organizing
D. organized
(
)17. What about_______ a letter to your friend on the Internet ?
A. try sending
B. try to send
C. trying sending
D. trying to send
(
) him________ it by himself.
A. to do
B. doing
C. did
D. do
(
)19. The customers watched the unusual bird_______ in the inn.
A. dance
B. to dance
C. danced
D. dancing
(
)20. At the police station, the boy admitted _______ the necklace at last.
A. to steal
B. stealing
C. stole
D. steal
(
)21. It is impossible ________.
A. for me to go to bed early
B. to me to go to bed early
C. for me go to bed early
D. to me go to bed early
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