动词不定式可以作以上各种成分
玛丽莲梦兔
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2021年02月01日 00:15
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遗迹的意思-汉代历史
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
（
not
）
to make
（
not
）
to be made
完成式
（
not
）
to have made
（
not
）
to have been made
进行式
（
not
）
to be making
完成进行式
（
not
）
to have been making
一作定语
置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。
①
The next
train
to arrive is from Washington.
表示将来的动作
②
Have you
anything
to be taken to your sister?
只有动宾关系，则需用被动语态
③
Do you have anything to say on the question?
与被修饰词之间有
动 宾关系
，同时与句中其它词之间又
有逻辑上的
主谓关系
时，尽管有被动含义， 却仍用主动语态
④
Would you please give me some paper to write on?
与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则
需加介词
不定式作定语时
=
定语从句，例①
to arrive=that will arrive
。
二、作表语
不定式作表语 表示
具体动作或将来动作
；动名词作表语表示
抽象的一般行为
。
①
To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是条件，一是结果（例①）
②
My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter.
③
What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.
当主语是
aim,du ty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion
等为 中心词（例②）时，或以
what
引导的
名词性分句（例③），
不定式说明主 语的内容
。
④
Our work is serving the people.
⑤
What he likes is taking a walk after supper.
④⑤句动名词作表语，与主语部分可以转换，如
Serving thepeople is out work,
-------------------------------- ---------------------------------
⑥
The story told by is interesting.
而⑥句中是现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质、状态，
三、作宾补
1)
动词
+
宾语
+
不定式
(to do)
Advise
allow
appoint
believe
cause
challenge
command
compel consider
declare
drive
enable
encourage
find
forbid
force
guess hire
imagine
impel
induce
inform
instruct
invite
judge
know
like order
permit
persuade
remind
report
request
require
select
send
state
suppose
tell
think
train
trust
understand
urge
warn
Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍
I
found
him lying on the ground.
用分词做宾补
(
现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动
)
=I found it important to learn.
先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带
to do
=I found that to learn English is important.
带一个从句
此类动词还有
get
，
have
。
。。
----------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------
2) to + be
的不定式结构，作宾补的动词。
Acknowledge,
believe,
consider,
think,
declare(
声称
),
discover, fancy(
设想
),
feel
find,
guess,
judge,
imagine,
know,
prove, see(
理解
),
show,
suppose,
take(
以为
),
understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
3) to be +
形容词
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire,
want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人们认为这本书没什么意思。
4) there be+
不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there.
我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
5
）
as
短语做补语，如
regard, think believe, take, consider.
Mary took him
as
her father .
玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
四：作状语
1
）目的状语
To… only to (
仅仅为了
),
in order to, so as to,
so(such)… as to… (
如此
……
以便
……)
He ran
so
fast
as to
catch the first bus.
他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
2
）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
3)
表原因
I'm glad to see you.
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit
on
当动词与介词连用时，常位于
形容词
+
动词不定式
结构的末 尾。
五、作主语
动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：
(1)
把不定式置于句首。如：
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)
用
it
作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置后
3)
当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用
It is… to…
的句型
(
错
)It is to believe to see.
(
对
)To see is to believe.
百闻不如一见。
六、作宾语
1)
动词
+
不定式
Want to do
be warned not to do
被动
< br>2
）动词
+
不定式
=
动词
+
宾语
+
不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, lov
e, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I want to speak to Tom.
我想和汤姆谈话。