12个小方法让你快速学会英语语法
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2021年02月01日 10:20
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12
个小方法让你快速学会英语语法
我们一直在不断的学习语法规则，为什么呢？因为语法知识是用英语交流的基础。
1. Memorize 3 Fundamental Capitalization Rules
记住三个基础的大写规则
The first word in a sentence. You should always capitalize the first word in
a sentence regardless of what type of word it is.
大写句子里的首字母。不管句子里的第一个单词属于什么类别，都要大写其首字母。
Proper
nouns
(names).
These
include
the
names
of
people,
places,
days
and
months,
companies,
etc.
For
example:
Matthew,
Helen,
France,
Tokyo,
Mississippi,
Saturday,
January„
专有名词首字母大写。包括：人物的名字，地点，日期，月份，公司等。例如：马修，
海伦，法国， 东京，密西西比州，星期六，一月等„
.
Honorifics
and
titles,
as
well
as
their
abbreviations.
Mr.,
Mrs.,
Miss,
Doctor
(Dr.), President, Lord, etc.
大写敬语及头衔的首字母。例如：先生，夫人，小姐，医生，主席，公爵等。
2. I and Me Aren’t Interchangeable
I
和
Me
是不可互换的
I
and
me
are’t
interchangeable.
They
are
used
in
different
grammatical
constructions. I is a pronoun that serves as a subject of a sentence. For example,
Matthew
and
I
went
for
a
walk,
both
I
and
Matthew
are
subjects
of
the
sentence
while
went
is
the
verb.
Me
is
a
pronoun
that
serves
as
an
object
of
a
sentence.
Me
is
needed
when someone else is performing the action.
I
和
Me
是不可互换的
,
它们用于不同的语法结构。
I
是一个代词，< br>是一个句子里的主语。
例如：
马修和我出去散步，
这里
I
和
Matthew
都是句子里的主语，
而
went
是一个 谓语动词。
Me
是一个代词，作为句子里的宾语。当其他人需要执行某个动作时就需要使用me
。
To use the example above: Matthew took me for a walk. Matthew is the subject
and me is the object in the sentence. Knowing your subjects and objects will help
you use these types of pronouns flawlessly!
使用上面的 例子：
马修和我一起出去散步。
Matthew
是句子里的主语，
me
是句子里的宾
语。明确你的主语和宾语会帮助你无误地使用这些介词。
3. Be Careful When Using Your and You’re
小心使用
Your
和
You’re
This
is
probably
the
most
common
mistake
on
the
internet
today!
Your
and
you’re
sound absolutely the same, but they have very different meanings and uses.
这可能是今天网络上最常见的错误！
Your
和
You ’re
的读音听起来完全一样，但是它
们的意义和用法完全不同。
Your is a possessive determiner that attributes something to you:
Your
是一个物主限定词，用来限定属于你的东西。
Your work is impressive!
你的工作简直令人钦佩！
You’re is a contraction of you are:
You’re 是
you are
的缩写。
You’re a very successful writer. (You are a very successful writer.)
你是一个非常成功的作家。
（你是一个非常成功的作家。
）
Mistakes happen when possessive pronouns are confused with verb contractions,
even among native English speakers. Often, you may see phrases like your wrong
(instead
of
you’re
wrong),
you’re
sister
(instead
of
your
sister),
etc.
These
are
grammatical errors. They’re easy to avoid. Don’t repeat them!
物主代词和动词缩 写混淆的错误经常出现，
即使是本族语使用者也常犯这样的错误。
通
常情况下，你经常 会看到
your wrong
（而不是
you’re wrong）
，you’re sister（而不是
your sister
）等。这些都是语法错误，很容易避免，所以不要重复犯错！
4. Be Careful When Using Their, They’re and There
小心使用
Their, They’re 和
There
这是代词，缩写以及副词混淆的一个例子。Let’s analyze each of the words in
question.
下面让我们在具体的例子中分析每一个词。
Their
is
a
possessive
determiner.
When
using
their,
you
indicate
that
something
belongs to them. For example, Their car has broken down.
Their
是一个物主代词。
当使用
thei r
的时候，
你的意思就是某物是属于他们的。
例如，
他们的车坏了。
They’re
is
a
contraction
of
they
are.
For
example,
If
they’re
not
coming,
I’m
leaving early. (If they are not coming, I’m leaving early.)
They’re
是
they
are
的缩写。
例如，
如果他们不来，
我就早点离开。
（ 如果他们不来，
我就早点离开。
）
There is an adverb indicating a location of something. For example, Your keys
are over there, on the table.
There
是一个副词，说明某物的地点。例如，你的钥匙在那，在书桌上。
Once you understand the difference between these three words, you won’t make
a
mistake
like
their
nice
(instead
of
they’re
nice)
or
there
dog
(instead
of
their
dog) ever again!
一旦你理解了这三个词之间的差别，你就不会犯类似的错误，例如，
their
nice
（而不
是
they’re nice）或者
there dog
（而不是
their dog
）
!
5. There’s a Subtle Difference Between Must and Have To
Must
与
Have To
有细微的差别
Modal
verbs
in
English
serve
to
indicate
possibility,
obligation
and
more.
The
most common examples of modal verbs include can, may, must, will and shall. Must
is the one indicating an obligation or a necessity to do something.
英语中的情态动词用来说明可能性，义务或者其他。最常见的情态动词包括
can,
may,
must, will
和
shall
。
Must
是用来说明义务以及做某事的必要性。
I must wake up early to catch a morning train.
我必须早点起来去赶早车。
However, we could also say:
然而，我们也可以说：
I have to wake up early to catch a morning train.
我不得不早点起来去赶早车。
语法上来说，他们都对，但是有什么细微的区别吗？有！
The
difference
between
must
and
have
to
is
subtle.
Both
refer
to
an
obligation,
but must indicates an opinion or suggestion. Have to is an expression of a more
objective obligation coming from an outside force.
Must
与
have to
之间的差别是细微的。两者都指义务，但是
must
是指意见或者建议。
Have to
指来自于外部世界的客观义务。
因此说某个人必须做她的家庭作业是你的意见。
说她不得不做她的家庭作业代表着她必
须这样做。在非正式的场合
must
和
have to
不可互换。在正式一点的场合，熟知
must
和
have to
的区别你就可以把它们区分开。
6. Always Check for Subject and Verb Agreement
时常检查主谓是否一致
One of the most basic grammar rules in English states that the subject of the
sentence has to agree
with its verb.
To approach fluency in English, it’s crucial
to understand subject-verb agreement. The subject of a sentence can be either
singular or plural, which will determine what form the verb takes.
英语中最基本的语法规 则就是句子的主语必须要和谓语一致。
为了流利地使用英语，
了
解主谓一致是至关重要 的。
句子的主语可以是单数也可以是复数，
主语的单复数形式决定了
它的谓语要采取何 种形式。
For example:
例如：
She likes pizza.
她喜欢披萨。
They like burgers.
他们喜欢披萨。
But what happens when a sentence gets more complicated?
但是如果一个句子更加复杂该怎么办呢
When
there’s
more
than
one
subject
connected
by
and,
it’s
a
compound
subject
that requires a plural.
当句子中存在由
and
连接的并列主语时，
那么 这就是一个复合主语，
谓语动词需要用复
数。
Lily and Tom want to order pizza. (They want to order pizza.)
莉莉和汤姆想要点披萨。
（他们想要点披萨。
）
But here’s where things get really complicated. Sometimes the subject is
accompanied
by
an
additional
piece
of
information
that
follows
along
with,
together
with,
as
well
a
s,
such
as
and
more.
These
don’t
change
the
subject
into
a
compound
subject and don’t require a plural verb.
但是这里我们要说明的才是真正复杂的。< br>有时，
主语后会伴随额外的信息，
由
along
with,
together with, as well as, such as
或者其他的词连 接。这种情况下不需要把主语看成
是复合主语，谓语动词也不需要是用复数形式。
Lily, just like Tom, wants to order pizza. (She wants to order pizza. So does
Tom.)
莉莉想要点一份披萨，汤姆也是。
I, together with Matthew, am going for a walk. (I am going for a walk. Matthew
is going with me.)
我要去散步，马修和我一起。
Note that this a slightly awkward sentence, and using a compound subject like
Matthew and I would be preferable here.
注意这个句子有一点歧义，使用复合宾语
Matthew and I
会好一些。
A book, along with a few cards and pencils, was on the table. (A book was on
the table. There were also a few cards and pencils.)
书在桌子上，桌子上还有一些卡片和铅笔。
Notice how these sentence elements provide additional information that can be
safely removed. The sentence would be less informative, but still grammatically
correct.
注意句子中提到的一些附加信息可以被移除 。
虽然这样句子可能不那么富有信息性，
但
是语法是却是正确的。
A simple way to check for subject and verb agreement is to replace the subject
with an appropriate pronoun, like we did in the first sentence above.
这里有一个验证主谓是否一致的简单方法，
可以用一个合适 的代词来替换主语，
就像我
们在第一个句子里做的一样。
Lily, just like Tom, wants to order pizza. (She wants to order pizza.)
莉莉想要点一份披萨，汤姆也是。
（她想要一份披萨。
）
Lily and Tom want to order pizza. (They want to order pizza.)
莉莉和汤姆想要点一份披萨。
（他们想要点一份披萨。
）
If
the
sentence
still
makes
sense,
your
subject
and
your
verb
are
in
agreement!
这样做，如果句子仍旧有意义，那么你所使用的主语和谓语就是一致的。
7. Mix It Up with Active and Passive Voice
主动语态和被动语态混合在一起
In
many
English
sentences,
the
subject
is
the
one
performing
the
action
described
by the verb of the sentence. This is called “active voice.”
在许多英文的句子里，句子的主语是动作的执行者。这就是主动语态
While the children played a game in the backyard, their dad prepared dinner.
孩子们在后院玩游戏的时候，他们的爸爸在准备晚饭。
In
other
instances,
the
subject
is
being
acted
upon.
Someone
else
is
performing
the action! This is “passive voice.”
在其他的情况下，主语是被执行者，其他人在完成这个动作。这就是被动语态。
While a game was played by the kids, dinner was prepared by their dad.
孩子们在后院玩游戏的时候，他们的爸爸在准备晚饭。
This
sentence
also
has
two
clauses,
and
both
of
them
are
written
in
the
passive
voice: the game was played (by the kids) while dinner was prepared (by their dad).
句子由两部分组成，两部分都包含着被动语态：游戏由孩子们来玩，晚饭由爸爸来做。
While
it’s
recommended
to
use
passive
voice
spar
ingly,
you
should
know
how
to
recognize and use both active and passive voices.
我们推荐偶尔使用被动语态，但是你应该明白如何让辨认并且使用主被动语态。
A
good
mix
of
active
and
passive
verbs
will
make
your
English,
especially
written
English, varied and colorful. Don’t be afraid of combinati
ons!