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2021年2月2日发(作者：我要高雅)
直接引语和间接引语用法讲解

一、概述

引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：

直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语
(direct speech)
。

用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语
(indirect speech)
。

Mr. Black said,
“I'm busy.”

Mr. Black said
that he was busy
.
二、直接引语

陈述句

直接引语如果是陈述 句，变为间接引语时，用连词
that
引导（
that
在
口语中常省 去），
that
从句之前用
say
、
tell
等动词，从句 中的人称、时态、
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。

1
、

人称的变化

He said , “
I

like

it

very much.”

→He said

that

he

liked

it
very much. (I
改为
he, it
不变
)
He said, “
You

told

me

this story.”

→He said that

I

had told

him
that story.(You
改为
I, me
改为
him, told
改为
had told)
He said to me, “
She’s
left
her
book in
your

room”.

→
He told me that
she had
left
her
book in
my
room.
（
She’s→she
had
，

her
不变，
your→my
）

直接引语改为间接引语人 称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的
第一人称
(
如：
I
，
me
，
my
，
mine
，
we
，
us
，
our
，
ours)
变为与主句的主语相一致的
人称。
把 直接引语中的
第二人称
(you
，
your
，
yours)
变为和主句的间接宾语
(
即听话人，
如无听话人，
可根据上下文的体 会人为确定一个人称
)
相一致的
人称。
直接引语中的
第三人称
(he
，
him
，
his
，
she
，
h er
，
hers,it
，
its,they,their
，
theirs
，
them)
变为间接引语时，人称不变。

2
、

时态的变化

（
1
）主句的谓语动词是
一般时和过去时








一般将来时


一般将来进行时


一般将来完成时


He said, “I usually
watch

TV on Sunday.”

→He said that he usually
watched
TV on Sunday.
He said, “I'
m using

the knife.”

→He said that he

was using
the knife.
She said, “I

have not heard

from him since May.”

→She said that she

had not
heard from him since May.

He said
，
“I

came

to help you.”

过去将来完成时

过去将来进行时

过去将来时

直接引语

一般现在时

现在进行时

现在完成时

一般过去时

过去完成时

间接引语

一般过去时

过去进行时

过去完成时

过去完成时

过去完成时
(
不变
)
→He said that

he had come
to help me.
He said, “I

had finished

my homework before supper.”

→He said that he
had finished
his homework before supper.
Z
hou Lan said, “I'
ll do

it after class.”

→Zhou Lan said that she

would do
it after class.
He said,“I

shall be doing

my homework then.”

→He said that he

should be doing
his homework then.
He said, “We

shall have finished

the work by that time.”

→He said that
they
should have finished
the work by that time.
注意：直接 引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间
连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不 变。

The teacher said, “The earth

is

round. ”

→The teacher said that the earth

is
round.
He said, “I

was

born in Shangdong in 1965.”

→He said that he

was
born in Shangdong in 1965.

（
2
）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时

如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，
时态一律不变

He says, “I

finished
the work.
He says that he
finished
the work.

He will say, “I
have watered

the flowers.”

He will say he
has watered
the flowers.

3
、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化


见下表：


He said, “I met Mr. Smith

this

morning.”

→He said that he had met Mr. Smith

that
morning.

He said, “We went to the cinema

yesterday
.”

→He said they had gone to the cinema

the day before
.

Lily said, “I will come back

next month
.”

→Lily said that
she would go back
the next month
.

He said, “It is nine o'clock

now
.”

→He said that it was nine o'clock

then
.
He said, “I haven't seen her

today
.”

→He said that he hadn't seen her t
hat day
.
She said, “I went there

yesterday
.”

→She said that she had gone
there
the day before
.
She said, “I'll go there

tomorrow
.”

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