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2021年2月2日发(作者：风油精说明书)
直接引语和间接引语的用法

引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话 ，这叫做直接引语；二是用自己的话
把人家的话转述出来，被转述的话不放在引号内，这叫做间接引语。 例如：

John said,
约翰说：

我要和父亲到伦敦去。< br>
（
引号内是直接引语）













John said that he was going to London with his father.

约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。
（宾语从句是间接引语）





间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句，
直接引语变成间接引语时，< br>要注意以下几点：
人称、
时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词、句式的变化以及 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

一、如何变句型：

1
．
< br>直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语改为
that
引导的宾语从句（口语中
that
可以省略）
，主句的引
述动词主要有
say ,tell, repeat, explain, think
等。

He said ,

2.
直接引语是疑问句时，
间接引语为陈述语序：
主句的谓语动词
say
改为
ask
，
或改为
wonder, do not
know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled
等。

（
1
）

直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语变为
if (whether)
引导的宾语从句。

She said,
→She asked me if (
或
whether)I often went there to read newspapers.
She asked me ,
→She asked me whether(
或
if )I had seen the film.
注意：大多数情况下，
if
和
whether
可以互换，但后有
or not
，

或在动词不定式前，或放在介词 后
作连接词时，一般只用
whether
。例如：
She asked me whether he could do it or not.
（
2
）

直接引语是选择疑问句时，间接引语变为
whether….or
宾语从句。

I asked him,
→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.

(3)
直接引语是特殊疑问句时，
间接引语变为由原来的疑 问词引导的宾语从句
（宾语从句必须用陈述
句语序）
。


He asked ,
me where I lived.
3.
直接引语是祈使句时，间接引语改为
tell(ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise
等
) sb.(not) to do sth.
句
型。
（
don't
变为
not
）

The teacher said to the boy,

His father said to him ,
oor open.

[
注意
]
（
1
）

有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用
suggest ,insist
等动词

加以转述

He said,
→He suggested (our )going to the theatre.
或
He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.


→He asked me to open the window.



→he advised me to take a walk after supper.




→He suggested listening to the music.

4.
直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语改为
what
或
how
引导，也可以用
that
引导。

She said,
/She said that it was a lovely day.
二、如何变时 态
：直接引语变间接引语时，时态要做相应的调整。现在时改为过去时，过去时改为
完成时，过 去完成时则保留原来的时态。

（
1
）

一般现在时变为一般过去时


He said
“
I am angry.
”
→
He told me that he was angry.
（
2
）

现在进行时变为过去进行时


（
3
）

一般将来时变为过去将来时

（
4
）

现在完成时变为过去完成时

She said.


（
5
）

一般过去时变为过去完成时

Mr. Green said to them,
“
Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.
”

Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.
（
6
）

过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时

（
7
）过去进行时，时态不变。

Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”

→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street
。

（
8
）情态动词

must→
must(had to), can
→could,
may.
→might,
shall
→should,
will
→would
。

The teacher said to me .

→The teacher told me that I must (ha
d to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.
She said.
。

→Sh
e said he would go to see his friend
。

[
注意
]
以下几种情况间接引语的时态不变：

（
1
）

直接引语表示客观事实、普遍真理。如：

The teacher said

→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

（
2
）

直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语。如：

He said to me,

→H
e told me that he was born in 1973.
(3)
直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效。如：

He said,

→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.

(4)
直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作。如：

The girl said,

→The girl said that she gets up at six e
very morning.
(5)
直接引语中含有
since, when, while
引导的表示过去时间的状语从句。如：

He said to me,
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.

(6)
直接引语中含有没有过去式的情态动词如
need, had better
，
ought to
，
used to
等以及已是过去式
的情态动词如
could, might, should, would
等。

He said ,

→He said that he could swim when he was only six.

三、如何变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等：

1.
指示代词（由‘这’改为‘那’
）
: t
his→
that















these→those

2.
表示时间的词
（由
‘现在’
改为
‘以前’
）
:

now→then
,
today→that day
, y
esterday→the day before

this week(month ,etc)→that week (month ,etc)
,
last week(month ,etc)→the week(month ,etc) before

three days (a year ,etc) ago→three days (a year. etc) before
,
tomorrow→the next (following ) day


next week (month ,etc)→the next (f
ollowing ) week (month ,etc)

3.
表地点的词
:
here→there

4.
动词
:

bring→take

















come→go

注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指 示代词、时间状语、地点状语
等。

四、
如何变人称：





“
一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新
”
。

1.
“
一随主
”
是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称 所修饰，从
句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：

She said,
er wants to go with me.

2.
“
二随宾
”
是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你 所修饰，
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语，
也 可以用第一人称，
如：
He said to Kate,
→He asked Kate how her sister was then
。

3.
“
第三人称不更新
”
是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或 被第三人
称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：

Mr Smith said
。

。

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