高中英语直接引语和间接引语用法讲解
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2021年02月02日 10:28
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高中英语直接引语和间接引语用法讲解
一、概述
引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法:直接引述别人的原话,这叫做直接引语
(direct speech)
。用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语
(indirect speech)
。一般地
讲,直接引语前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号,而用宾语从句来表达。
Mr. Black said,
“I'm busy
.”
布菜克先生说:
“
我很忙
”
。
(直接引语)
Mr. Black said that he was busy
.
布菜克先生说他很忙。
(宾语从句是间接引语)
从上例 看来,直接引语改为间接引语时
,
除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外,还须
对直接引语中 的人称和时态进行相应的变化,如上例直接引语中的
I
改成了
he,
am< br>则改成了
was
。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题
,
分述 如下:
二、直接引语是陈述句时
直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时 ,用连词
that
引导(
that
在口语中常省
去)
,that
从句之前用
say
、
tell
等动词,从句中的人称、 时态、指示代词、时间
状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
1
、
人称的变化
直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化,
把直接引语中的第一 人称
(
如:
I
,
me
,
my
,
m ine
,
we
,
us
,
our
,
ours )
变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中
的第二人称
(you
,your
,
yours)
变为和主句的间接宾语
(
即听话人,如 无听话人,
可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称
)
相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三 人称
(he
,
him
,
his
,
she
,
her
,
hers,it
,
its,they
,their
,
theirs
,
them)
变为间接引语时,
人称不变。
He said , “I
like it
very much.”
他说:
“
我非常喜欢它
”
。
→He said
that he liked it very much.
他说他非常喜欢它。
(I
改为
he, it
不变
)
He said, “You
told me
this story
.”
他说:
“
你给我讲过这个故事。
”
→He said
that
I had told him that story
.
他说我给他讲过那个故事。
(Y
ou
改为
I,
me
改为
him, told
改为
had told)
He said to me, “She’s
left her book in your
room”.
他对我说:
“
她把书放在你的房间
里去了。
”
He told me that she had left her book in my room.
他对我说她把书放在我的房间里
去了。
(
She’s→she had
,
her
不变,
your→my
)
2
、
时态的变化
(
1
)主句的谓语动词是一般过去时
如 主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,
直接引语变间接引语时,
从句的谓语动词在时
态方面要 作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时
,
动词时态相应变化表:
He said, “I usually
watch
TV on Sunday
.”< br>他说:
“
我常在星期天看电视
”
。
→He said
that he usually watched TV on Sunday
.
他说他常在星期天看电视。
He said, “I'm using
the knife.”
他说:
“
我正在用小刀。
”
→He said that he
was using the knife.
他说他正在用小刀。
She said,
“I
have
not
heard
from
him since May< br>.”
她说:
“
自从五月份来我就没有收
到他的来信。
”
→She said that she
had not heard from him since May
.
她说自从五月份以来她就没
收到他的来信。
He said
,
“I
came
to help you.”
他说:
“
我来帮助你。
”
→He said that
he had come to help me.
他说他来帮助我。
He said,
“I
had
finished
my
homework before supper.”
他说:
“
晚饭前我己做完了作
业。
”
→He said
that
he
had
finished his
homework before supper.
他说晚饭前他己做完了
作业。
Zhou Lan said, “I'll do
it after class.”
周兰说:
“
下课后我就去做。
”
→Zhou Lan said that she
would do it after class.
周兰说下课后她就去做。
He said,“I
shall be doing
my homework then.”
他说:
“
那时我将正在做作业。
”
→He said that he
should be doing his homework then.
他说那时他将正在做作业。
He said, “We
shall have finished
the work by that time.”
他说:
“
我们将在那时以前完
成工作。
”
→He said that they
should have finished the work by that time.
他说他们将在那时以
前完成工作。
注意:
直接引语如果是客观真理、
名人名言、
与一个具体的过去时间连用说明 客
观事实时,变为间接引语时,时态不变。
The teacher said, “The earth
is
round. ”
老师说:
“
地球是圆的。
”
→The teacher
said that the earth is round.
老师说地球是圆的。
He said, “I
was
born in Shangdong in 1965.”
他说
: “
我
1965
年生于山东。
”
→He said that he
was born in Shangdong in 1965.
他说他
1965
年生于山东。
He
said,
“Columbus
discovered
America
in 1492.”
他说:
“
哥伦布在
1492
年发现了
美洲 。
”
→He
said
Columbus
discovered America
in
1492.
他说哥伦布在
1492
年发现了美
洲。
(
2
)主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时
如果主句的谓语动词是现 在时或将来时,
直接引语变为间接引语时,
时态一律不
变
He says, “I
finished
the work.”
他说:
“
我做完工作了。
”
He says that he finished the work.
他说他做完工作了。
He will say
, “I
have watered
the flowers.”
他会说:
“
我己经浇花了。
”
He will say he has watered the flowers.
他会说他己经浇花了。
3
、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化
见下表:
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this/these
that/those
now
then
today
that day
tonight
that night
this week (month…
)
that week (month…
)
时间状语
yesterday
the day before
last week (month…
)
the week
(month…
)before
two weeks (month)ago
two weeks (months)before
tomorrow
the next day