英语论文写作格式及写作说明
西安周边旅游景点-
《大学生英语能力训练》实践课程学期作业
题目：
A
Paper
_
times new
roman
三号加粗，填写具体的英文题目
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202
0
年
4
月
Paper Title
（字体
Times New
Roman
三号加粗，与摘要空两行
）
Abstract
(
字体
times new
roman
，小四，加粗
)
An abstract is a brief, comprehensive
summary of the contents of the article; it allows
readers
to survey the contents of an
article quickly and, like a title, it enables
persons interested in the
document
to
retrieve
it
from
abstracting
and
indexing
databases.
Most
scholarly
journals
require an abstract. Consult the
instructions to authors or web page of the journal
to
which
you plan to submit
your article for any journal-specific
instructions. A well-prepared abstract
can be the most important single
paragraph in an article. Most people have their
first contact
with an article by seeing
just the abstract, usually in comparison with
several other abstracts,
as they are
doing a literature search. Readers frequently
decide on the
basis of the abstract
whether
to
read
the
entire
article.
The
abstract
needs
to
be
dense
with
information.
By
embedding key words in your abstract,
you enhance the user
’
s
ability to find it.
Do not
exceed
the abstract word limit of the
journal to which you are submitting your article.
Word limits
vary from journal to
journal and typically range from 150 to 250 words.
For information on
how abstracts are
used to retrieve articles, consult Record
Structure for APA Databases (Sick,
2009).
(
正文：字体
times new r
oman
，小四，两端对齐，单倍行距
)
Keywords:
low case, comma,
paper template, abstract, keywords, introduction
1. Introduction
The body of a paper opens with an
introduction that presents the specific problem
under study
and
describes
the
research
strategy.
Because
the
introduction
is
clearly
identified
by
its
position
in
the
manuscript,
it
does
not
carry
a
heading
labeling
it
the
introduction.
Before
writing the introduction, consider the
following questions (Beck & Sales, 2001, p. 100):
1)
Why is this
problem important?
2)
How does the study relate to previous
work in the area? If other aspects of this study
have
been reported previously, how does
this report differ from, and build on, the earlier
report?
A
good
introduction
answers
these
questions
in
just
a
few
pages
and,
by
summarizing
the
relevant arguments and
the past evidence, gives the reader a firm sense
of What was done and
why (Beck & Sales,
2001, pp. 100-102).
Your introduction should include:
The background for your choice of theme
A discussion of your
research question or thesis statement
What are the theoretical and practical
implications of the study?
1.1 Background
The
background sets the general tone for your thesis.
It should make a good impression and
convince
the
reader
why
the
theme
is
important
and
your
approach
relevant.
Even
so,
it
should be
no longer than necessary.
What
is
considered
a
relevant
background
depends
on
your
field
and
its
traditions.
Background
information might be historical in nature, or it
might refer to previous research or
practical considerations. You can also
focus on a specific text, thinker or problem.
Academic
writing
often
means
having
a
discussion
with
yourself
(or
some
imagined
opponent).
To
open
your
discussion,
there
are
several
options
available.
You
may,
for
example:
Tip: Do
not spend too much time on your background and
opening remarks before you have
gotten
started with the main text.
1.2
Defining the scope of your thesis
One
of the first tasks of a researcher is defining the
scope of a study, i.e., its area (theme, field)
and
the
amount
of
information
to
be
included.
Narrowing
the
scope
of
your
thesis
can
be
time-consuming. Paradoxically, the more
you limit the scope, the more interesting it
becomes.
This is because a narrower
scope lets
you clarify the problem and
study it at greater depth,
whereas very
broad research questions only allow a superficial
treatment.
The
research
question
can
be
formulated
as
one
main
question
with
(a
few)
more
specific
sub-questions or in the form of a
hypothesis that will be tested.
Your
research
question
will
be
your
guide
as
your
writing
proceeds.
If
you
are
working
independently, you
are also free to modify it as you go along.
1.3 Explore Importance of
the Problem
State
why
the
problem
deserves
new
research.
For
basic
research,
the
statement
about
importance might
involve the need to resolve any inconsistency in
results of past work and/or
extend
the
reach
of
a
theoretical
formulation.
For
applied
research,
this
might
involve
the
need
to solve a social problem or treat a psychological
disorder. When research is driven by
the
desire
to
resolve
controversial
issues,
all
sides
in
the
debate
should
be
represented
in
balanced
measure
in
the
introduction.
Avoid
animosity
and
ad
hominem
arguments
in
presenting the
controversy. Conclude the statement of the problem
in the introduction with a
brief
but
formal
statement
of
the
purpose
of
the
research
that
summarizes
the
material
preceding
it.
For
literature
reviews
as
well
as
theoretical
and
methodological
articles,
also
clearly state the
reasons that the reported content is important and
how the article fits into the
cumulative understanding of the field.
2. Theory section
The
theory
used
in
an
empirical
study
is
meant
to
shed
light
on
the
data
in
a
scholarly
or
scientific
manner.
It
should
give
insights
not
achievable
by
ordinary,
everyday
reflections.
The main
purpose of using theory is to analyse and
interpret your data. Therefore, you should
not present theoretical perspectives
that are not
being put to use. Doing so
will create false
expectations, and
suggests that your work is incomplete.
Not
all
theses
have
a
separate
theory
section.
In
the
IMRaD
format
the
theory
section
is
included in the introduction, and the
second chapter covers the methods used.
What
kind
of
theory
should
you
choose?
Since
the
theory
is
the
foundation
for
your
data