胡作非-

2021年2月9日发(作者：梨花香)

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2011)

-GRADE FOUR-

PART III

CLOZE

[15 MIN]

Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and (31) _____ a different response from every man who hears these words.

Some feel (32) _____ when they receive the news, (33) _____ others worry

, wondering whether they will be good fathers. (34)

_____

there

are

some

men who

like

children

and

may

have

had (35)

experience with

them,

others

do

not

particularly

(36)

_____ children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children

for some time. (37) _____ other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have (38) _____ willingly or

unwillingly.

Whatever the (39) _____ to the birth of a child, it is obvious the shift from the role of husband to (40) _____ of a father is a

difficult task. (41) _____, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to (42) _____ fathers in this resocialization (43) _____.

Although numerous books have been written about mothers, (44) _____ recently has literature focused on the (45) _____ of a

father.

It is argued that the transition to the father's role, although difficult, is not (46) _____ as great as the transition the w

ife must (47)

_____ to the mother's role. The mother's role seems to require a complete (48) _____ in daily routine. (49) _____, the father's

role is less demanding and (50) _____.

31. A. bring down

B. bring forth

C. bring off

D. bring in

32. A. emotional

B. sentimental

C. bewildered

D. proud

33. A. while

B. when

C. if

D. as

34. A. When

B. If

C. Although

D. Y

et

35. A. considerate B. considerable

C. considering

D. considered

36. A. care about

B. care of

C. care with

D. care for

37. A. For

B. Of

C. From

D. Upon

38. A. received

B. taken

C. accepted

D. obtained

39. A. reply

B. reaction

C. readiness

D. reality

40. A. what

B. this

C. one

D. that

41 .A. As a result B. For example

C. Y

et

D. Also

42. A. educate

B. cultivate

C. inform

D. convert

43. A. step

B. process

C. point

D. time

44. A./

B. just

C. quite

D. only

45. A. role

B. work

C. career

D. position

46. A. a little

B. just

C. nearly

D. almost

47. A. take

B. make

C. carry

D. accept

48. A. transformation

B. realization

C. socialization

D. reception

49. A. In addition

B. Above all

C. Generally

D. However

50. A. current

B. immediate

C. present

D. quick

PART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY

[15 MIN]

51. My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man _____ he was fifteen years ago.

A. which

B. whom

C. who

D. that

52. Which of the following sentences is a COMMAND?

A. Beg your pardon.

B. Have a good time.

C. Never do that again!

D. What noise you are making!

53. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates purpose?

A. She said it for fun, but others took her seriously.

B. For all its effort, the team didn't win the match.

C. Linda has worked for the firm for twenty years.

D. He set out for Beijing yesterday.

54. When you have finished with the book, don't forget to return it to Tim, _____?

A. do you

B. will you

C. don't you

D. won't you

55. In phrases like freezing cold, burning hot, or soaking wet, the -ING participle is used _____.

A. as a command

B. as a condition

C. for concession

D. for emphasis

56. Which of the following italicized phrases is INCORRECT?

A. The city is now ten times its original size.

B. I wish I had two times his strength.

C. The seller asked for double the usual price.

D. They come here four times every year.

57. It is not so much the language _____ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.

A. as

B. nor

C. but

D. like

58. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object?

A. What do you think has happened to her?

B. Who do you think the visiting professor is?

C. How much do you think he earns every month?

D. How quickly would you say he would come?

59. The additional work will take _____ weeks.

A. the other

B. another two

C. other two

D. the more

60. Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause (

主语从句

)?

A. We are quite certain that we will get there in time.

B. He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.

C. She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.

D. It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.

61. It's getting late. I'd rather you _____ now.

A. left

B. leave

C. are leaving

D. will leave

62. In the sentence

A. the object

B. the verb

C. the subject

D. the prepositional phrase

63. There is no doubt _____ the couple did the right thing in coming back home earlier than planned.

A. whether

B. that

C. why

D. when

64. The sentence that expresses OFFER is _____.

A. I'll get some drinks. What'll you have?

B. Does she need to book a ticket now?

C. May I know your name?

D. Can you return the book next week?

65. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates a subject-predicate relation (

主谓关系

)?

A. Mr. Smith's passport has been issued.

B. The visitor's arrival was reported in the news.

C. John's travel details have not been finalized.

D. The new bookstore sells children's stories.

66. Our office has recently _____ to a new computer system.

A. altered

B. converted

C. transformed

D. modified

67. The crowd went _____ as soon as the singer stepped onto the stage.

A. wild

B. emotional

C. uncontrolled

D. unrestricted

68. Our school library is _____ closed for repairs.

A. Shortly

B. quickly

C. temporarily

D. rapidly

69. John is up to his eves in work at the moment. The underlined part means _____.

A. very excited

B. very busy

C. very tired

D. very efficient

70. V

ictoria bumped into her brother quite by chance in the supermarket. The underlined word means _____.

A. risk

B. opportunity

C. possibility

D. luck

71.

A. ambiguous

B. hidden

C. indirect

D. indistinct

72. House repairs, holidays, school fees and other _____ have reduced his bank balance to almost nothing.

A. amount

B. payment

C. expenses

D. figures

73. It was really _____ of you to remember my birthday.

A. grateful

B. thoughtful

C. considerable

D. generous

74. Y

ou can go to a travel agency and ask for a holiday _____.

A. introduction

B. advertisement

C. book

D. brochure

75. The city government is building more roads to _____.

A. accommodate

B. receive

C. accept

D. hold

76. They've lifted a two-year-long economic _____ on the country.

A. enclosure

B. restriction

C. blockade

D. prohibition

77. Everyone is surprised that she has fallen out with her boy friend. The underlined part means _____.

A. left

B. quarreled

C. attacked

D. defeated

78. His plan is carefully prepared and full of details, so it is a very _____ one.

A. elaborate

B. refined

C. ambitious

D. complex

79. The girl's voice was so low that we could ______ hear her.

A. seldom

B. almost

C. only

D. barely

80. She must have been pretty _____ to fall for such an old trick.

A. interested

B. gullible

C. enthusiastic

D. shrewd

PART

V

READING

COMPREHENSION

[25 MIN]

TEXT A

We have a crisis on our hands. Y

ou mean global warming? The world economy? No, the decline of reading. People are just not

doing it anymore, especially the young. Who's responsible? Actually, it's more like, What is responsible? The Internet, of course,

and everything that comes with it

–

Facebook, Twitter (

微博

). Y

ou can write your own list.

There's

been

a warning

about

the

imminent

death

of

literate

civilization

for

a

long time.

In the

20th century

,

first

it was

the

movies, then radio, then television that seemed to spell doom for the written world. None did. Reading survived; in fact it not

only survived, it has flourished. The world is more literate than ever before

–

there are more and more readers, and more and

more books.

The fact that we often get our reading material online today is not something we should worry over. The electronic and digital

revolution of the last two decades has arguably shown the way forward for reading and for writing. Take the arrival of e-book

readers as an example. Devices like Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the

traditional paper book.

As

technology

makes

new

ways

of

writing

possible,

new

ways

of

reading

are

possible.

Interconnectivity

allows

for

the

possibility

of

a

reading

experience

that

was

barely

imaginable

before.

Where

traditional

books

had

to

make

do

with

photographs and illustrations, an e-book can provide readers with an unlimited number of links: to texts, pictures, and videos. In

the future, the way people write novels, history, and philosophy will resemble nothing seen in the past.

On

the

other

hand,

there

is

the

danger

of

trivialization.

One

Twitter

group

is

offering

its

followers

single-sentence- long

ou must be joking. We should fear the fragmentation of

reading.

There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention span - that we will be incapable of

reading anything of length or which requires deep concentration.

In such a fast-changing world, in which reality seems to be remade each day, we need the ability to focus and understand what

is happening to us. This has always been the function of literature and we should be careful not to let it disappear. Our soc

iety

needs

to

be

able

to

imagine

the

possibility

of

someone

utterly

in

tune with

modern

technology

but

able

to

make sense

of a

dynamic, confusing world.

In the 15th century, Johannes Guttenberg's invention of the printing press in Europe had a huge impact on civilization. Once

upon a time the physical book was a challenging thing. We should remember this before we assume that technology is out to

destroy traditional culture.

81. Which of the following paragraphs briefly reviews the historical challenges for reading?

A. Paragraph One.

B. Paragraph Two. C. Paragraph Three.

D. Paragraph Four.

82. The following are all cited as advantages of e-books EXCEPT _____.

A. multimodal content

B. environmental friendliness

C. convenience for readers

D. imaginative design

83. Which of the following can best describe how the author feels toward single-sentence-long novels?

A. Ironic

B. Worried.

C. Sarcastic.

D. Doubtful.

84. According to the passage, people need knowledge of modern technology and _____ to survive in the fast- changing society.

A. good judgment

B. high sensitivity

C. good imagination

D. the ability to focus

85. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Technology pushes the way forward for reading and writing.

B. Interconnectivity is a feature of new reading experience.

C. Technology is an opportunity and a challenge for traditional reading.

D. Technology offers a greater variety of reading practice.

TEXT B

I know when the snow melts and the first robins (

知更鸟

) come to call, when the laughter of children returns to the parks and

playgrounds, something wonderful is about to happen.

Spring cleaning.

I'll admit spring cleaning is a difficult notion for modern families to grasp. Today's busy families hardly have time to load the

dishwasher, much less clean the doormat. Asking the family to spend the weekend collecting winter dog piles from the melting

snow in the backyard is like announcing there will be no more Wi-Fi. It interrupts the natural order.

a nice lemony yellow?

matches are over?

But I tell my family, spring cleaning can't wait. The temperature has risen just enough to melt snow but not enough for Little

League practice to start. Some flowers are peeking out of the thawing ground, but there is no lawn to seed, nor garden to tend.

Newly wakened from our winter's hibernation (

冬眠

), yet still needing extra blankets at night, we open our windows to the first

fresh air floating on the breeze and all of the natural world demanding

wake and be clean!

Biologists offer a theory about this primal impulse to clean out every drawer and closet in the house at spring's first light, which

has to do with melatonin, the sleepytime hormone (

激素

) our bodies produce when it's dark. When spring's light comes, the

melatonin diminishes, and suddenly we are awakened to the dusty, virus- filled house we've been hibernating in for four months.

I tell my family about the science and psychology of a good healthy cleaning at spring's arrival. I speak to them about life'

s

greatest

rewards waiting

in

the

removal

of

soap scum

from

the

bathtub, which

hasn't

been

properly

cleaned

since

the

first

snowfall.

ou will? Wow!

Maybe after all these years, he's finally grasped the concept. Maybe he's expressing his rightful position as eldest child and role

model.

Or maybe

he's

going

to

Florida

for

a

break

in

a couple

of weeks

and

he's

being

nice

to

me who

is

the financial-aid

officer.

No matter. Seeing my adult son willingly cleaning that dirty bathtub gives me hope for the future of his 12-year-old brother

who, instead of working, is found to be sleeping in the seat of the window he is supposed to be cleaning.

wake and be clean!

86. According to the passage,

_____.

A. is no longer an easy practice to understand.

B. is no longer part of modern family life.

C. requires more family members to be involved.

D. calls for more complicated skills and knowledge.

87. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be included in family spring cleaning?

A. Beating the rugs.

B. Cleaning the window.

C. Restoring Wi-Fi services.

D. Cleaning the backyard.

88. Why does the author say ―spring cleaning can't wait‖?

A. Because there will be more activities when it gets warmer.

B. Because the air is fresher and the breeze is lighter.

C. Because the whole family is full of energy at spring time.

D. Because the snow is melting and the ground is thawing.

89. Which of the following interpretations of the biologists' theory about melatonin is INCORRECT?

A. The production of melatonin in our bodies varies at different times.

B. Melatonin is more likely to cause sleepiness in our bodies.

C. The reduction of melatonin will cause wakefulness in our bodies.

D. The amount of melatonin remains constant in our bodies.

90. Which of the following can best sum up the author's overall reaction to her adult son's positive response to spring cleaning?

A. Surprised and skeptical.

B. Elated and hesitant.

C. Relieved and optimistic.

D. Optimistic and hesitant.

TEXT C

These days lots of young Japanese do omiai, literally,

increasingly conservative Japan, the traditional omiai kekkon, or arranged marriage, is thriving.

But there is a difference. In the original omiai, the young Japanese couldn't reject the partner chosen by his parents and their

middleman.

After

World

War

II,

many Japanese

abandoned

the

arranged

marriage

as

part

of

their

rush

to

adopt

the

more

democratic ways of their American conquerors. The Western ren'ai kekkon, or love marriage, became popular; Japanese began

picking their own mates by dating and falling in love.

But

the

Western

way was

often

found

wanting

in

an

important

respect:

it

didn't

necessarily

produce

a

partner

of

the

right

economic, social, and educational qualifications.

commentator.

What seems to be happening now is a repetition of

a familiar process in the country's history

, the

foreign practice. The Western ideal of marrying for love is accommodated in a new omiai in which both parties are free to reject

the match.

Many

young

Japanese

now

date

in

their

early

twenties,

but with

no

thought

of marriage.

When

they

reach

the

age

-

in

the

middle twenties for women, the late twenties for men

- they increasingly turn to omiai. Some studies suggest that as many as

40 % of marriages each year are omiai kekkon. It's hard to be sure, say those who study the matter, because many Japanese

couples, when polled, describe their marriage as a love match even if it was arranged.

These days, doing omiai often means going to a computer matching service rather than to a nakodo. The nakodo of tradition

was an old woman who knew all the kids in the neighbourhood and went around trying to pair them off by speaking to their

parents; a successful match would bring her a wedding invitation and a gift of money. But Japanese today find it's less awkward

to reject a proposed partner if the nakodo is a computer.

Japan

has

about

five

hundred

computer

matching

services.

Some

big

companies,

including

Mitsubishi,

run

one

for

their

employees.

At

a

typical

commercial

service,

an

applicant

pays

$$80

to

$$125

to

have

his

or

her

personal

data

stored

in

the

computer for two years and $$200 or so more if a marriage results. The stored information includes some obvious items, like

education and hobbies, and some not-so-obvious ones, like whether a person is the oldest child. (First sons, and to some extent

first daughters, face an obligation of caring for elderly parents.)

91. According to the passage, today's young Japanese prefer _____.

A. a traditional arranged marriage.

B. a new type of arranged marriage.

C. a Western love marriage.

D. a more Westernized love marriage.

92. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A. A

Western love marriage tends to miss some Japanese values.

B. Less attention is paid to the partner's qualification in arranged marriages.

C. Y

oung Japanese would often calculate their partner's wealth.

D. A

new arranged marriage is a repetition of the older type.

93. According to the passage, the figure 40% (Paragraph Five) is uncertain because _____.

A. there has been a big increase in the number of arranged marriages.

B. Western love marriage still remains popular among young Japanese.

C. young Japanese start dating very early in their life in a Western tradition.

D. the tendency for arranged marriages could be stronger than is indicated.

94. One of the big differences between a traditional nakodo and its contemporary version lies in the way _____.

A. wedding gifts are presented.

B. a proposed partner is refused.

C. formalities are arranged.

D. the middleman/woman is chosen.

95. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?

A. To tell the differences between an old and modern nakodo.

B. To provide some examples for the traditional nakodo.

C. To offer more details of the computerized nakodo.

D. To sum up the main ideas and provide a conclusion.

TEXT D

Cordia

Harrington

was

tired

of

standing

up

all

day

and

smelling

like

French

fries

at

night.

She

owned

and

operated

three

McDonald's shops in Illinois, but as a divorced mother of three boys, she yearned for a business that would provide for her

children and let her spend more time with them.

Her

lucky moment came, strangely enough, after she was nominated in 1992 to be on the McDonald's bun committee.

company picked me up in a corporate jet to see bakeries around the world,

it. This was global!

The experience opened her eyes to business possibilities. When McDonald's decided it wanted a new bun supplier, Harrington

became determined to win the contract, even though she had no experience running a bakery.

Harrington studied the bakery business and made sure she was never off executives' radar.

for people to call you,

that says 'I want to be your baker.'

Harrington sealed the deal with a handshake, sold her shops, and borrowed $$13.5 million. She was ready to build the fastest,

most automated bakery in the world.

The Tennessee Bun Company opened ahead of schedule in 1997, in time for a slump in U.S. fast-food sales for McDonald's.

Before Harrington knew it, she was down to her last $$20,000, not enough to cover payroll. And her agreement with McDonald's

required that she sell exclusively to the company.

am

going to go bankrupt.

But Harrington worked out an agreement to supply Pepperidge Farm as well.

went up and prices went down, and no benefit if we went out of business,

Over

the

next

eight

years,

Harrington

branched

out

even

more:

She started

her

own

trucking

business,

added

a cold-storage

company, and now has three bakeries producing fresh buns and frozen dough - all now known as the Bun Companies. Speed is

still a priority: It takes 11 people at the main bakery to turn out 60,000 buns an hour for clients across 40 states, South America,

and the Caribbean.

Grateful

for

the

breaks

she's

had,

Harrington

is

passionate

about

providing

opportunities

to

all

230

employees.

success is the most fun when you can give it away,

The

current

economy

is

challenging.

Some

of

her

clients'

sales

have

declined,

but

she's

found

new

clients

and

improved

efficiencies to help sustain the company's double-digit growth.

Cordia

Harrington

doesn't

have

to

stand

on

her

feet

all

day

anymore.

Two

of

her

three sons

now work for

her.

And

she's

remarried - her husband, Tom, is now her CFO.

support them, they'll do their best to look after our clients. That's how it works here.

96. According to the passage, which of the following was most significant in her early career?

A. Her nomination on the McDonald's bun committee.

B. Her travel and the visits to bakeries around the world.

C. A

business contract with local bun suppliers.

D. The interviews and experience in running a bakery.

97.

she _____.

A. herself wanted to be a company executive

B. meant to hire executives to run the business

C. meant to keep her management knowledge and skills

D. focused on the management of the bakery business

98. How did she survive the crisis at the start of her bakery business?

A. By supplying buns for another company.

B. By opening her bun company ahead of schedule.

C. By keeping supplies up for McDonald's.

D. By making a new agreement with McDonald's.

99. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT in describing her current business?

A. It is fast growing.

B. It is diversified.

C. Its clients are all local.

D. It is more efficient.

100. According to the passage, which of the following is fundamental to Harrington's success?

A. Efficiency and love for the family.

B. Perseverance and concern for employees.

C. Business expansion and family support.

D. Opportunities and speed.

PART VI

WRITING

[45 MIN]

Recently government agencies in some big cities have been studying the possibility of putting a

The amount of tax private car owners would have to pay would depend on the emission levels, i.e. engine or vehicle size. This

has caused quite a stir among the public. Some regard it as an effective way to control the number of cars and reduce

pollution

in the city. But others don't think so. What is your opinion?

Write on

ANSWER SHEET THREE

a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:

Should Private Car Owners be T

axed for Pollution?

Y

ou are to write in three parts.

In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.

In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion.

In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in

a loss of marks.

Should private car owners be taxed for pollution?

私家车主是否应交污染税

?

With the development of society, many people can afford a car. As the number of the cars is rising,

we are facing some

problems. One big problem is the pollution caused by the use of cars. In order to solve this problem, government agencies

in some big cities recently suggest that a “pollution tax” should be put on private cars in order to control the nu

mber of cars

and reduce pollution in the city. For my part, I agree to this viewpoint, and my reasons are as follows:

To begin with, cars contribute to the environmental pollution. For example, a lot of big cities in China are now plagued by

serious air pollution. Then it is the responsibility of these private car owners to pay for the pollution and they should be

taxed. The purpose of collecting environmental pollution tax is to raise the fund, and then utilize the tax revenue lever to

protect our environment.

Secondly, it is a good way to raise people’s environmental awareness by putting a pollution tax on private cars. If people

suffer from the financial loss when making a decision, they will think more about their decision. Then they will consider

more

when

deciding

to

buy

a

private

car.

Consequently,

the

increase

rate

of

the

number

of

the

private

cars

can

be

controlled.

In a word, it is a very good and necessary attempt to use the means of taxation to treat the pollution. Of course, it must be

kept in mind that all people, including the private car owners, should try their best to protect the environment.

< p>
2011

年英语专四真题参考答案：完形填空部分

31-35 BDACB36-40 DACBD41-45 CABDA46-50 CBADB

2011

年英语专四真题参考答案：语法词汇部分

51-55 BCABD56-60 BACBD61-65 ACBAB66-70 BACBD71-75 ACBDA76-80 CBADB

2011

年英语专四真题参考答案：阅读部分

81-85 BDBAC85-90 ACADB91-95 BADDC96-100 BCACB

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)

-GRADE EIGHT

-

TEXT A

Still, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to

Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like

in

Bengali. Conversing

in English, I never heard anyone c

all the city

anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway

—

a facility whose

spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors

—

but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and

films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of

Mother

Teresa.

For

years

the

government

has

been

talking

about

eliminating

hand-pulled

rickshaws

on

what

it

calls

humanitarian grounds

—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see ―one man

sweating and straining to pull another man.‖ But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand

-pulled rickshaws

on

a

modern cit

y’s

traffic

and,

particularly,

on

its

image.

―Westerners

try

to

associate

beggars

and

these

rickshaws with

the

Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,‖ the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb

Bhattacharjee, sa

id

in a press confer

ence in 2006. ―Our city stands for prosperity and development.‖ The chief minister—

the equivalent of a state

governor

—

went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.

Rickshaws

are

not

there

to

haul

around

tourists. (Actually,

I

saw

almost

no

tourists

in

Kolkata,

apart

from

the

young

backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the

services a rickshaw puller offers may include pr

oviding female company to a gentleman for the evening.) It’s the people in the

lanes who most regularly use rickshaws

—

not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who

tend

to

travel

short

distances,

through

lanes

that

are

sometimes

inaccessible

to

even

the

most

daring

taxi

driver.

An

older

woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from

various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service.

Proprietors of café

s or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on

a

load of live chickens

—

tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the

axle.

By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their

steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up;

the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.

From June

to

September

Kolkata

can

get

torrential

rains,

and

its

drainage

system

doesn’t

need

torrential

rain

to

begin

backing up. Residents who fav

or a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata ―if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.‖ During my stay it

once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed

pictures of rickshaws being pull

ed through water that was up to the pullers’ waists. When it’s raining, the normal customer base

for rickshaw

pullers

expands

greatly,

as

does

the

price

of

a

journey.

A

writer

in

Kolkata

told

me,

―When

it

rains,

even

the

governor takes rickshaws.‖

While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such

measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four

of the

past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once

in

Kolkata,

they sleep

on

the street

or

in

their

rickshaws

or

in

a

dera

—

a combination

garage

and

repair shop

and

dormitory

managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $$2.50) a month, which

sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day

, out of which they ha

ve

to

pay

20 rupees

for

the

use

of

the

rickshaw

and

an

occasional

75

or

more for

a

payoff

if

a

policeman

stops

them for, say,

crossing

a street

where

rickshaws

are

prohibited.

A

2003

study

found that

rickshaw

pullers

are

near

the

bottom

of Kolkata

occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still

beats trying to make a living in Bihar.

There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because

they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of

their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are

not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—

Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a

former

academic who still

writes

history

books

—

told

me,

for

instance, that

he sees

humanitarian

considerations

as

coming

down on the side of keeping hand-

pulled rickshaws on the road. ―I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,‖ he said,

―but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.‖ Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to

demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.

When I asked one rickshaw puller

if he thought the government’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine

interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head

—

a gesture

I interpreted to mean, ―If you are so naive as to ask

such

a

question, I will

answer

it,

but

it

is

not worth wasting

words

on.‖

Some

rickshaw

pullers

I met were

resigned

to the

imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something

in its place. As migrant workers, they don’t

have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginnin

g

of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything

—

or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain,

absolutely everything but umbrellas. ―The government was the government of the poor people,‖ one sardar told me. ―Now they

shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.‖

But

others

in

Kolkata

believe

that

rickshaws will

simply

be confined

more strictly

to certain

neighborhoods,

out

of

the

view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations

—

or that they will be allowed to die out naturally

as

they’re supplanted

by

mor

e

modern

conveyances.

Buddhadeb

Bhattacharjee,

after

all,

is

not

the

first

high

West

Bengal

official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as

far back as 1976. The ban decreed by

Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some

retraining

or

social

security

settlement

ought

to

be

offered

to rickshaw

drivers.

It

may

also

have

been

delayed

by

a

quiet

reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century

. Kolkata, a resident told me,

―has difficulty letting go.‖ One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for

how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.

“

Wh

ich option has been chosen?‖ I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.

“

That hasn’t been decided,‖ he said.

“

When will it be decided?‖

“

That hasn’t been decided,‖ he said.

11.

According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPT

A. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.

C. carrying store supplies and purchasesD. carrying people over short distances.

12.

Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?

A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.

C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.

13.

That

―

For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in

Bihar

‖

(4 paragraph) means that

even so,

A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.

C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.

14.

We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware people

A. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.

C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.

15.

Which of the following statements conveys the author

’

s sense of humor?

A. ―…

not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.

‖

(2 paragraph)

B. ―…

,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you

’

ve visited a dera.

‖

(4 paragraph)

C. Kolkata, a resident told me,

―

has difficulty letting go.

‖

(7 paragraph).

D.―…

or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.

‖

(6 paragraph)

16.

The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggest

A. the uncertainty of the court

’

s decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.

C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.

TEXT B

Depending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National

Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).

The

crucial

word

is

average,

as

wealthy

Americans

routinely

avoid

lines

altogether.

Once

the

most

democratic

of

institutions,

lines

are

rapidly

becoming

the

exclusive

province

of

suckers(people who

still

believe

in

and

practice waiting

in

lines). Poor suckers, mostly.

Airports resemble France before the Revolution:

first-class passengers enjoy

lite

and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway

.

At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $$52 Gold

Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks,

from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their

seats.

Flash

Pass

teaches

children

a

valuable

lesson

in

real-world

economics:

that

the

rich

are

more

important

than

you,

especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA

player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in

Canada--get this--

Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters

waiting

to

buy

iPhones

offered

to sell

their

spots

in

the

lines.

On

Craigslist,

prospective

iPhone

purchasers

offered to

pay

Inevitably, some semi- populist politicians have seen the value of sort- of waiting

in

lines with the ordinary people. This

summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an A

T&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his

office

literally

stood

in

for

the

mayor

while

he

conducted

official

business.

And

billionaire

New

Y

ork

mayor

Michael

Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his

house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.

As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers

have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to

cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants

Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator

at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.

But

compromising

the

integrity

of

the

line

is

not

just

antidemocratic,

it's

out-of-date.

There was

something

about

the

orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.

How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating.

But for $$5 per flight, an

unaffiliated

company called

will

secure

you

a

coveted

boarding

pass when

that

airline

opens

for

online

check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.

Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former

Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.

And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: V

ery Important Persons, who don't wait,

and V

ery Impatient Persons, who do-- unhappily.

For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder --what

do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot:

17.

What

does

the

following

sentence

mean?

―

Once

the

most

democratic

of

institutions,

lines

are

rapidly

becoming

the

exclusive province of suckers

…

Poor suckers, mostly.

‖

(2 paragraph)

A. Lines are symbolic of America

’

s democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.

C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.

18.

Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?

A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.

C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.

19.

We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen)

A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.

C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.

20.

What is the tone of the passage?

A. Instructive.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Teasing.

TEXT C

A

bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with

green and crimson fire, he found the

café

of his choice, a tea- shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian,

a while

palace

with

ten thousand

lights.

It

towered

above

the

other

building

like

a

citadel,

which

indeed

it

was, the

outpost

of

a

new

age,

perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just

as behind

the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden

away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand

waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of

cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling

with fractions of a farming, who

knew

how

many

units

of

electricity

it

took

to

finish

a

steak-and-kidney

pudding

and

how

many

minutes

and

seconds

a

waitress( five feet four in height and in

average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the

table

in

the

far corner. In short,

there was

a warm,

sensuous,

vulgar

life

flowering

in

the

upper

storeys,

and

a cold

science

working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all

the

enchantment

of

unfamiliar

luxury.

Perhaps

he

knew

in

his

heart that

men

have conquered

half

the

known world,

looted

whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.

It was

built

for

a

great

many

other

people

too,

and,

as

usual,

they were

al

there.

It seemed with

humanity. The marble

entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of

the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging

to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it

all,

climbed

the

wide

staircase

until

he

reached

his

favourite

floor, whre

an

orc

hestra,

led

by

a

young Jewish

violinist with

wandering

lustrous

eyes

and

a

passion

for

tremolo

effects,

acted

as

a

magnet

to

a

thousand

girls, scented

air,

the sensuous

clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he

was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially:

―

For one, sir? This way, please,

‖

Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.

21.

That

―

behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel

‖

suggests that

A. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.

B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café

..

C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.

D. the café

was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.

22.

The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPT

A. ―…

turned Babylonian

‖

.

B. ―

perhaps a new barbarism

’

.

C. ―

acres of white napery

‖

.

D. ―

balanced to the last halfpenny

‖

.

23.

In its context the statement that

―

the place was built for him

‖

means that the café

was intended to

A. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.

C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.

24.

Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?

A. The café

appealed to most senses simultaneously.

B. The café

was both full of people and full of warmth.

C. The inside of the café

was contrasted with the weather outside.

D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café

owners.

25.

The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT that

A. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.

B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.

C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café

is compared to warm countries.

26.

The author

’

s attitude to the café

is

A. fundamentally critical.

B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.

TEXT D

I

Now

elsewhere

in

the world, Iceland

may

be

spoken

of,

somewhat

breathlessly,

as western

Europe’s

last

pristine

wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they

were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about

.

But the truth is, once you’re off the beat

-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and

they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab

-itants. For them the

land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited

—

the mind-set being one of land

as

commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the ―Mona Lisa.‖

When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American

aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like

this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s richest countries, with

a

99 percent literacy rate and long

life expectancy. But the proj-

ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more

emotionally

attuned

to

the

country’s

century

upon

century

of

want,

hardship,

and

colonial

servitude

to

Denmark,

which

officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had

meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation,

volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit

—

a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare

of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.

Ostensibly,

the

Alcoa

project

was

intended

to

save

one

of

these

dying

regions

—

the

remote

and

sparsely

populated

east

—

where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the

early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away

, fishing rights ended

up

mostly

in

the

hands

of

a

few companies,

and small

fishermen were

virtually

wiped

out. Technological

advances drained

away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their

lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had

come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. ―Smelter or death.‖

The

contract

with

Alcoa

would

infuse

the

re- gion

with

foreign

capital,

an

estimated

400

jobs,

and

spin- off

service

industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diver

sify an

economy

historically

dependent

on

fish;

and,

in

an

appealing

display

of

Icelandic

can-do

verve,

perhaps

even

protect

all

of

Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.

“

We

have

to

live,‖

Halldór

Ásgrímsson

said

in

his

sad, sonorous

voice.

Halldór,

a

former

prime

minister

and

longtime mem

ber of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. ―We have a right to live.‖

27.

According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of

A. environmental value.

B. commercial value.C. potential value for tourism.D. great value for livelihood.

28.

What is Iceland

’

s old-aged advocates

’

feeling towards the Alcoa project?

A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B. The project would lower life expectancy.

C. The project would cause environmental problems.D. The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.

29.

The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPT

A. fewer fishing companies.B. fewer jobs available.C. migration of young people.D. impostion of fishing quotas.

30.

The 4 paragraph in the passage

A. sums up the main points of the passage.B. starts to discuss an entirely new point.

C. elaborates on the last part of the 3 paragraph.D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation.

PART III

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)

34.

The

Emancipation Proclamation

to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S. was issued by

A. Abraham Lincoln.B. Thomas Paine.C. George Washington.

D. Thomas Jefferson.

35.

________ is best known for the technique of

dramatic monologue

in his poems..

A. Will BlakeB. W.B. YeatsC. Robert BrowningD. William Wordsworth

36.

The Financier

is written by

A. Mark Twain.B. Henry James.C. William Faulkner.D. Theodore Dreiser.

37.

In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as

A. allegory.B. sonnet.C. blank verse.D. rhyme.

38.

________ refers to the learning and development of a language.

A. Language acquisitionB. Language comprehensionC. Language productionD. Language instruction

39.

The word

―

Motel

‖

comes from

―

motor + hotel

‖

. This is an example of

________ in morphology.

A. backformationB. conversionC. blendingD. acronym

40.

Language is t tool of communication. The symbol

―

Highway Closed

‖

on a highway serves

A. an expressive function.B. an informative function.C. a performative function.D. a persuasive function.

Part IV

Proofreading & Error Correction (15 min)

The

passage contains TEN

errors.

Each

indicated

line

contains

a maximum

of

ONE

error.

In

each case,

only

ONE word

is

involved. Y

ou should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:

For a wrong word,

For a missing word,

underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.

mark the position of the missing word with a

∧

in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For a unnecessary word,

cross the unnecessary word with a slash

line.

So

far

as

we

can

tell,

all

human

languages

are

equally

complete

and

perfect

as

instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be well equipped

as any

大

1

家

other to say the things their speakers want to say

.

大

2

家

大

3

家

There

may

or

may

not

be

appropriate

to

talk

about

primitive

peoples

or cultures,

but

that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear

physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass.

Whereas

this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal

more

precision

and

subtlety

than

we

can

in

English,

but

this

is

not

because

the

Eskimo

language

(one

of

those

sometimes

miscalled

'primitive')

is

inherently

more

precise

and

subtle

than

English.

This

example

does

not come

to

light

a

defect

in

English,

a

show

of

unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the

English live in

similar environments. The English language

will be just as rich in terms for

similar kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used

made such distinction as important.

Similarly,

we

have

no reason

to

doubt that

the

Eskimo

language

could

be

as

precise

and

subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed

the part of the

Eskimos' life. For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not

talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a

part of their culture. But they had

a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us,

puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us

could

distinguish

between

a

chaise,

a

landau,

a

victoria,

a

brougham,

a

coupe,

a

gig,

a

diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ?

大

4

家

大

5

家

大

6

家

大

7

家

大

8

家

大

9

家

大

10

家

PART V

TRANSLATION (60 MIN)

朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的

,

容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。朋友之间

,

情趣相投、脾气对味则合、

则交

;

反之

,

则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉

,

再亲密

,

也不能随便过头，不恭不敬。不然，默契和平衡将被打破

, < /p>

友

好关系将不复存在。每个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间，朋友之 间过于随便，就容易侵入这片禁区，从而引起冲突，

造成隔阂。待友不敬，或许只是一件 小事，却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节，

互不干 涉。

I thought that it was a Sunday morning in

May; that

it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the

morning. I was

standing

at

the

door

of

my

own cottage.

Right

before

me

lay

the

very

scene which could

really

be

commanded

from

that

situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams. There were the same mountains, and the same

lovely

valley

at

their

feet;

but

the

mountains

were

raised

to

more

than

Alpine

height,

and

there

was

interspace

far

larger

between them of meadows and forest lawns; the hedges were rich with white roses; and no living creature was to be seen except

that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round about the grave of a

child whom I had once tenderly loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child

died.

PART II READING COMPREHENSION

11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D16.C 17.C18.A 19.D 20.B21. A22.B23. B 24.B 25. C26.A27.D 28.D 29.A30.C

PART III

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)

34. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the plantation slavery in the south of US was issued by

答案

A

：

Abraham Lincoln

答题说明：本题为美国历史常识题，林肯发布解放黑奴宣言

35

．

Who was best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems?

答案

C

：

Robert Browning

答题说明：本题为文学常识题

文化背景：罗伯特

·

勃朗宁（

Robert Browning)

（

1812-1889

）

，维多利亚时期代表诗 人之一。主要作品有《戏剧抒情

诗》

、

《剧中人物》

、

《指环与书》等。与丁尼生齐名，是维多利亚时 代两大诗人之一。他以精细入微的心理探索而独步

诗坛，

对⒚< /p>

?0

世纪诗歌产生了重要影响。

朗宁对英 国诗歌的最大贡献，

是发展和完善了戏剧独白诗

（

Dramaticmonologue

）

这样一种独 特的诗歌形式，并且用它鲜明而生动地塑造了各种不同类型的人物性格，深刻而复杂地展示了人的内在心

理。

36. The Financier was written by

答案

D< /p>

：

Theodore Dreiser

答题说明：本题为文学常识题

人文背景：西奥多

·

德莱塞（

Theodore

Dreiser

，

1871

～

1945

）

，美国小说家。生于印第安纳州特 雷霍特镇。父亲是

贫苦的德国移民。他在公立学校接受了早期教育，以后进印第安纳大学 学习。一生的大部分时间从事新闻工作。走遍

芝加哥、匹兹堡、纽约等大城市，广泛深入 地观察了解社会，为日后的文学创作积累了丰富的素材。代表作：

《嘉莉妹

妹》

、

《金融家》

、

《美国悲剧》等

37. In literature a strory in verse or prose with a double meaning is difined as

答案

A< /p>

：

Allegory

答题说明：即使你不认识选项

A

，也可以通过排除法排除

B. sonnet, C. blank verse, D. rhyme.

因为

BCD

涉及的主要

是形式或音韵，不涉及内容和意义。

38

．

… refers to the learning and development of a language

答案

A

：

language acqisition

答题说明：本题为语言学常识题。

背景知识：语言习得最基本的定义，其余选项一看就不符合题 干内容。

39. The word “motel” comes from “motor –

hotel”. This is an example of “…” in morphology.

答案

C

：< /p>

blending

答题说明：本题为语言学分支形态学最基本常识，也是比较活跃的一种构词方式

背景知识：

A

逆生法；

B

转类法；

C

拼缀法；

D

首字母构词

40

．

La ngua

ge is tool of communication, the sybol “highway closed” serves

答案

B

：

informative function

答题说明：语言学基本常识；认识选项单词都不会选错答案

Part IV

Proofreading & Error Correction

1 be

后插入

as; 2 their

改为

its; 3 There

改为

It; 4 Whereas

改为

But 5 further

改为

much

6 come

改为

bring; 7 similar

改为

different; 8 will

改为

would; 9 as important

去掉

as; 10 the part

去掉

the

SECTION A

CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Friends tend to become more intimated if they have the same interests and temper, they can get along well

and keep contacting; otherwise they will separate and

end the relationship. Friends who are more familiar

and closer can not be too casual and show no respect. Otherwise the harmony and balance will be broken,

and the friendship will also be nonexistent any more. Everyone hopes to have his own private space,

and if

too casual

among

friends,

it

is

easy

to

invade

this

piece

of

restricted

areas,

which

will lead

to

the

conflict,

resulting

in

alienation.

It

may

be

a

small

matter

to

be

rude

to

friends;

however,

it

is

likely

to

plant

the

devastating

seeds.

The

best

way

to keep

the close

relationship

between

friends

is

to

keep

contacts

with

restraint, and do not bother each other.

SECTION B

ENGLISH TO CHINESE

我想那是五月的一个 周日的早晨；那天是复活节，一个大清早上。我站在自家小屋的门口。就在我的面前展现出了那

< br>么一番景色，从我那个位置其实能够尽收眼底，可是梦里的感觉往往如此，由于梦幻的力量，这番景象显得 超凡出尘，

一派肃穆气象。群山形状相同，其山脚下都有着同样可爱的山谷；不过群山挺 然参天，高于阿尔卑斯峰，诸山相距空

旷，丰草如茵，林地开阔，错落其间；

< p>

树篱上的白玫瑰娟娟弥望；远近看不见任何生物，唯有苍翠的教堂庭院里 ，牛

群静静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱的墓地歇息，好几头围绕着一个小孩的坟墓。我曾对她 一腔柔情，那年夏天是在旭日东

升的前一刻，那孩子死去了，我如同当年那样望着牛群。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2009)

-GRADE EIGHT

-

PART II

READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)

TEXT A

We had been wanting to expand our children's horizons by taking them to a place that was unlike anything we'd been

exposed to

during our travels in Europe and the United States. In thinking about what was possible

from Geneva, where we

are based, we decided on a trip to Istanbul, a two- hour plane ride from Zurich.

We envisioned the trip as a prelude to more exotic ones, perhaps to New Delhi or Bangkok later this year, but thought

our 11- and 13-year-olds needed a first step away from manicured boulevards and pristine monuments.

What we didn't foresee was the reaction of friends, who warned that we were putting our children

vaguely, and most incorrectly, to disease, terrorism

or just the

unknown. To help

us get acquainted with the peculiarities of

Istanbul and to give our children a chance to choose what they were particularly interested in seeing, we bought an excellent

guidebook and read it thoroughly before leaving.

Friendly

warnings

didn't

change

our

planning,

although

we

might

have

more

prudently

checked

with

the

U.S.

State

Department's list of troublespots. We didn't see a lot of children among the foreign visitors during our six-day stay in Istanbul,

but we found the tourist areas quite safe, very interesting and varied enough even to suit our son, whose oft-repeated request

is that we not see

Vaccinations weren't needed for the city, but we were concemed about adapting to the water for a short stay. So we

used bottled water for drinking and brushing our teeth, a precaution that may seem excessive, but we all stayed healthy.

Taking the advice of a friend, we booked a hotel a 20-minute walk from most of Istanbul's major tourist sites. This not

only

got

us

some

morning

exercise,

strolling

over

the

Karakoy

Bridge,

but

took

us

past

a

colorful

assortment

of

fishermen,

vendors and shoe shiners.

From a teenager and pre-teen's view, Istanbul street life is fascinating since almost everything can be bought outdoors.

They were at a good age to spend time wandering the labyrinth of the Spice Bazaar

, where shops display mounds of pungent

herbs

in

sacks.

Doing

this

with

younger

children

would

be

harder

simply

because

the

streets

are

so

packed

with

people;

it

would be easy to get lost.

For our two, whose buying experience consisted of department stores and shopping mall boutiques, it was amazing to

discover that you could bargain over price and perhaps end up with two of something for the price of one. They also learned

to figure out the relative value of the Turkish lira, not a small matter with its many zeros.

Being exposed to Islam was an important part of our trip. Visiting the mosques, especially the enormous Blue Mosque,

was our first glimpse into

how this major religion

is practiced. Our

children's curiosity already had been piqued by the five

daily calls to prayer over loudspeakers in every corner of the city, and the scarves covering the heads of many women.

Navigating meals can be troublesome with children, but a kebab, bought on the street or in restaurants, was unfailingly

popular. Since we had decided this trip was

not for gourmets, kebabs

spared us the agony

of trying to find a restaurant each

day that would suit the adults' desire to try

something new amid children's

insistence that the food be

served

immediately.

Gradually, we branched out to try some other Turkish specialties.

Although our son had studied Islam briefly, it is impossible to be prepared for every awkward question that might come

up,

such

as

during

our

visits

to

the

Topkapi

Sarayi,

the

Ottoman

Sultans'

palace.

No

guides

were

available

so

it

was

do-it- yourself,

using our guidebook, which cheated us of a lot of interesting history and anecdotes that

a professional guide

could provide. Next time, we resolved to make such arrangements in advance.

On this trip, we wandered through the magnificent complex, with its imperial treasures, its courtyards and its

harem.

The last required a bit of explanation that we would have happily lef~ to a learned third party.

11. The couple chose Istanbul as their holiday destination mainly because

A.

the city is not too far away from where they lived.

B.

the city is not on the list of the U.S. State Department.

C.

the city is between the familiar and the exotic.

D.

the city is more familiar than exotic.

12. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A.

The family found the city was exactly what they had expected.

B.

Their friends were opposed to their holiday plan.

C.

They could have been more cautious about bringing kids along.

D.

They were a bit cautious about the quality of water in the city.

13. We learn from the couple's shopping experience back home that

A.

they were used to bargaining over price.

B.

they preferred to buy things outdoors.

C.

street markets were their favourite.

D.

they preferred fashion and brand names.

14. The last two paragraphs suggest that to visit places of interest in Istanbul

A.

guidebooks are very useful.

B.

a professional guide is a must.

C.

one has to be prepared for questions. D.

one has to make arrangements in advance.

15. The family have seen or visited all the following in Istanbul EXCEPT

A.

religious prayers. B. historical buildings. C local-style markets.D.

shopping mall boutiques.

TEXT B

Last month the first baby- boomers turned 60. The bulky generation born between 1946 and

1964 is heading towards retirement. The looming

skilled workers dispatched from the labour force.

The workforce is ageing across the rich world. Within the EU the number of workers aged

between 50 and 64 will increase by 25% over the next two decades, while those aged 20-29 will

decrease by 20%. In Japan almost 20% of the population is already over 65, the highest share in

the world. And in the United States the number of workers aged 55-64 will have increased by

more than half in this decade, at the same time as the 35- to 44-year-olds decline by 10%.

Given that most societies are geared to retirement at around 65, companies have a looming

problem of knowledge management, of making sure that the boomers do not leave before they

have handed over their expertise along with the office keys and their e-mail address. A survey of

human-resources directors by IBM last year concluded:

retires, many companies will find out too late that a career's worth of experience has walked out

the door, leaving insufficient talent to fill in the void.

Some also face a shortage of expertise. In aerospace and defence, for example, as much as

40% of the workforce in some companies will be eligible to retire within the next five years. At

the same time, the number of engineering graduates in developed countries is in steep decline.

A few companies are so squeezed that they are already taking exceptional measures. Earlier

this year the Los Angeles Times interviewed an enterprising Australian who was staying in

Beverly Hills while he tried to persuade locals to emigrate to Toowoomba, Queensland, to work

for his engineering company there. Toowoomba today; the rest of the developed world

tomorrow?

If you look hard enough, you can find companies that have begun to adapt the workplace to

older workers. The AARP

, an American association for the over-50s, produces an annual list of

the best employers of its members. Health-care firms invariably come near the top because they

are one of the industries most in need of skilled labour. Other sectors similarly affected, says the

Conference Board, include oil, gas, energy and government.

Near the top of the AARP's latest list comes Deere & Company, a no-nonsense

industrial-equipment manufacturer based in Illinois; about 35% of Deere's 46,000 employees are

over 50 and a number of them are in their 70s. The tools it uses to achieve that - flexible

working, telecommuting, and so forth - also coincidentaUy help older workers to extend their

working lives. The company spends

jobs there less tiring, which enables older workers to stay at them for longer.

Likewise, for more than a decade, Toyota, arguably the world's most advanced

manufacturer, has adapted its workstations to older workers. The shortage of skilled labour

available to the automotive industry has made it unusually keen to recruit older workers. BMW

recently set up a factory in Leipzig that expressly set out to employ people over the age of 45.

Needs must when the devil drives.

Other firms are polishing their alumni networks. IBM uses its network to recruit retired

people for particular projects. Ernst & Young, a professional-services firm, has about 30,000

registered alumni, and about 25% of its

return after an absence.

But such examples are unusual. A survey in America last month by Ernst & Young found

that

is not dealing with the issue.

by Deloitte last year said they expected a shortage of salaried staff over the next three to five

years. Yet few of them are looking to older workers to fill that shortage; and even fewer are

looking to them to fill another gap that has already appeared. Many firms in Europe and America

complain that they struggle to find qualified directors for their boards - this when the pool of

retired talent from those very same firms is growing by leaps and bounds.

Why are firms not working harder to keep old employees? Part of the reason is that the

crunch has been beyond the horizon of most managers. Nor is hanging on to older workers the

only way to cope with a falling supply of labour. The participation of developing countries in the

world economy has increased the overall supply - whatever the local effect of demographics in

the rich countries. A vast amount of work is being sent offshore to such places as China and

India and more will go in future. Some countries, such as Australia, are relaxing their

immigration policies to allow much needed skills to come in from abroad. Others will avoid the

need for workers by spending money on machinery and automation.

16. According to the passage, the most serious consequence of baby-boomers approaching

retirement would be

A.

a loss of knowledge and experience to many companies.

B.

a decrease in the number of 35- to 44- year-olds.

C.

a continuous increase in the number of 50-to 64-year-olds.

D.

its impact on the developed world whose workforce is ageing.

17. The following are all the measures that companies have adopted to cope with the ageing

workforce EXCEPT

A.

making places of work accommodate the needs of older workers.

B.

using alumni networks to hire retired former employees.

C.

encouraging former employees to work overseas.

D.

granting more convenience in working hours to older workers.

18.

means that

A.

the company attaches great importance to the layout of its factories.

B.

the company improves the working conditions in its factories.

C.

the company attempts to reduce production costs of its factories.

D.

the company intends to renovate its factories and update equipment.

19. In the author's opinion American firms are not doing anything to deal with the issue of the

ageing workforce mainly because

A.

they have not been aware of the problem.

B.

they are reluctant to hire older workers.

C.

they are not sure of what they should do.

D.

they have other options to consider.

20. Which of the following best describes the author's development of argument?

A.

introducing the issue---citing ways to deal with the issue---describing the actual

status--- offering reasons.

B.

describing the actual status--- introducing the issue---citing ways to deal with the

issue---offering reasons.

C.

citing ways to deal with the issue---introducing the issue---- describing the actual

status---offering reasons.

D.

describing the actual status--offering reasons---introducing the issue---citing ways to

deal with the issue.

TEXT C

(1) The other problem that arises from the employment of women is that of the working wife.

It has two aspects: that of the wife who is more of a success than her husband and that of the wife

who must rely heavily on her

husband for

help with

domestic tasks. There are various ways

in which the impact of the first

difficulty can be reduced. Provided that husband and wife are not in the

same or directly comparable lines of work, the harsh

fact of

her greater success can

be

obscured

by a genial conspiracy to reject a purely

monetary

measure of achievement as

intolerably crude. Where there are ranks, it is best

if the couple work

in different

fields

so that the husband can find some

special reason for the superiority of the lowest figure in his to the most elevated in his wife's.

(2) A problem that affects a much larger number of working wives is the need to re-allocate

domestic tasks if there are children. In The Road to Wigan Pier George Orwell wrote of the

unemployed of the Lancashire coalfields:

see the man doing a stroke of the housework. Unemployment has not changed this convention,

which on the face of it seems a little unfair. The man is idle from morning to night but the woman is as busy as ever - more so,

indeed, because she has to manage with less money. Yet so far as my

experience goes the women

do

not protest. They feel that a man would lose

his manhood if, merely

because he was out of

work, he developed in a 'Mary Ann'.

(3) It is over the care of young children that this re-allocation of duties becomes really

significant. For this, unlike the cooking of fish fingers or the making of beds, is an inescapably

time-consuming occupation, and time is what the fully employed wife has no more to spare of than her husband.

(4) The male initiative in courtship is a pretty indiscriminate affair, something that is tried on with any remotely plausible

woman who comes within range and, of course, with all degrees of

tentativeness. What decides the

issue of whether a genuine courtship is going to get under way is the woman's response. If

she shows interest the engines of persuasion are set in movement. The truth is that in courtship society gives women the real

power while pretending to give it to men.

(5) What does seem clear is that the more men and women are together, at work and away

from it, the more the comprehensive amorousness of men towards women will have to go, despite

all its past evolutionary services. For it is this that makes inferiority at work abrasive and, more

indirectly, makes domestic work seem unmanly, if there is to be an equalizing redistribution of

economic and domestic tasks between men and women there must be a compensating redistribution of the erotic initiative. If

women will no longer let us beat them they must allow us to join them as the blushing recipients of flowers and chocolates.

21. Paragraph One advises the working wife who is more successful than her husband to

A.

work in the same sort of job as her husband.

B.

play down her success, making it sound unimportant.

C.

stress how much the family gains from her high salary.

D.

introduce more labour-saving machinery into the home.

22. Orwell's picture of relations between man and wife in Wigan Pier (Paragraph Two) describes a

relationship which the author of the passage

A.

thinks is the natural one.

B.

wishes to see preserved.

C.

believes is fair.

D.

is sure must change.

23. Which of the following words is used literally, NOT metaphorically?

A.

Abrasive (Paragraph Five).

B.

Engines (Paragraph Four).

C.

Convention (Paragraph Two).

D.

Heavily (Paragraph One).

24. The last paragraph stresses that if women are to hold important jobs, then they must

A.

sometimes make the first advances in love.

B.

allow men to flirt with many women.

C.

stop accepting presents of flowers and chocolates.

D.

avoid making their husbands look like

25. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the present form of courtship?

A.

Men are equally serious about courtship.

B.

Each man

C.

The woman's reaction decides the fate of courtship.

D.

The man leaves himself the opportunity to give up the chase quickly.

TEXT D

From Namche Bazaar

, the Sherpa capital at 12,000 feet, the long line threaded south,

dropping 2,000 feet to the valley floor, then trudged down the huge Sola- Khumbu canyon until it

opened out to the lush but still daunting foothills of Central Nepal.

It was here at Namche that one man broke rank and leaned north, slowly and arduously

climbing the steep walls of the natural amphitheater behind the scatter of stone huts, then past

Kunde and Khumjong.

Despite wearing a balaclava on his head, he had been frequently recognized by the Tibetans,

and treated with the gravest deference and respect. Even among those who knew nothing about

him, expressions of surprise lit up their dark, liquid eyes. He was a man not expected to be there.

Not only was his stature substantially greater than that of the diminutive Tibetans, but it

was also obvious from his bearing - and his new broadcloak, which covered a much-too- tight

army uniform - that he came from a markedly loftier station in life than did the average Tibetan.

Among a people virtually bereft of possessions, he had fewer still, consisting solely of a rounded

bundle about a foot in diameter slung securely by a cord over his shoulder. The material the

bundle was wrapped in was of a rough Tibetan weave, which did not augur that the content was

of any greater value - except for the importance he seemed to ascribe to it, never for a moment

releasing his grip.

His objective was a tiny huddle of buildings perched halfway up an enormous valley wall

across from him, atop a great wooded spur jutting out from the lower lap of the 22,493-foot Ama

Dablum, one of the most majestic mountains on earth. There was situated Tengboche, the most

famous Buddhist monastery in the Himalayas, its setting unsurpassed for magnificence

anywhere on the planet.

From the top of the spur, one's eyes sweep 12 miles up the stupendous Dudh Kosi canyon

to the six-mile-long granite wall of cliff of Nuptse at its head. If Ama Dablum is the Gatekeeper,

then the sheer cliff of Nuptse, never less than four miles high, is the Final Protector of the

highest and mightiest of them all: Chomolongma, the Mother Goddess of the World, to the

Tibetans; Sagarmatha, the Head of the Seas, to the Nepalese; and Everest to the rest of us. And

over the great barrier of Nuptse She demurely peaks.

It was late in the afternoon - when the great shadows cast by the colossal mountains were

descending into the deep valley floors - before he reached the crest of the spur and shuffled to a

stop just past Tengboche's entrance gompa. His chest heaving in the rarefied air, he removed his

hand from the bundle--the first time he had done so - and wiped grimy rivulets of sweat from

around his eyes with the fingers of his mitted hand.

His narrowed eyes took in the open sweep of the quiet grounds, the pagoda-like monastery

itself, and the stone buildings that tumbled down around it like a protective skirt. In the distance

the magic light of the magic hour lit up the plume flying off Chomolongma's 29,029-foot-high

crest like a bright, welcoming banner.

His breathing calmed, he slowly, stiffly struggled forward and up the rough stone steps to

the monastery entrance. There he was greeted with a respectful nameste -

in you

been using to sweep the flagstones of the inner courtyard. While he did so, the visitor noticed

that the monk was missing the small finger on his left hand. The stranger spoke a few formal

words in Tibetan, and then the two disappeared inside.

Early the next morning the emissary - lightened of his load - appeared at the monastery

entrance, accompanied by the same monk and the elderly abbot. After a bow of his head, which

was returned much more deeply by the two ocher-robed residents, he took his leave. The two

solemn monks watched, motionless, until he dipped over the ridge on which the monastery sat,

and out of sight.

Then, without a word, they turned and went back inside the monastery.

26. Which of the following words in Paragraph One implies difficulty in walking?

A.

B.

C.

D.

27. In the passage the contrast between the Tibetans and the man is indicated in all the following

aspects EXCEPT

A.

clothing.

B.

height.

C.

social status.D.

personal belongings.

28. It can be inferred from the passage that one can get ______ of the region from the

monastery.

A.

a narrow view

B.

a hazy view

C.

a distant view

D.

a panoramic view

29. Which of the following details shows that the man became relaxed after he reached the

monastery?

A.

B.

C.

D.

30. From how it is described in the passage the monastery seems to evoke

A.

a sense of awe.

B.

a sense of piety.

C.

a sense of fear.D.

a sense of mystery.

PART III

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)

35.

Ode to the West Windwas written by

A.

William Blake.

B.

William Wordsworth.

C.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

D.

Percy B. Shelley.

36.

Who among the following is a poet of free verse?

A.

Ralph Waldo Emerson.

B.

Walt Whitman.

C.

Herman Melville

D.

Theodore Dreiser.

37.

The novel Sons andLovers was written by

A.

Thomas Hardy.

B.

John Galsworthy.

C.

D.H. Lawrence.

D.

James Joyce.

38. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is

A.

corpus linguistics.

B.

sociolinguistics.

C.

theoretical linguistics.

D.

psycholinguistics.

39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages

for purposes of trading is called

A.

dialect.

B.

idiolect.

C.

pidgin.

D.

register.

40. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the

window, he is performing

A.

an illocutionary act.

B.

a perlocutionary act.

C.

a locutionary act.

D.

none of the above.

PART IV

PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)

The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes

from one schoolchild to the next and illustrates the further difference

____1____

between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learnt

in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener

____2____

has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren.

____3_____

The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting

it may be something from 20 to 70 years. With the playground

____4____

lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour

____5____

it is learnt; and, in the general, it passes between children of the

____6____

same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the differnce in age

between playmates to be more than five years. If, therefore, a playground

rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or

____7____

even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitted over

and over, very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three

____8____

hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live

____9____

after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the

____10____

original wording.

PART V

TRANSLATION (60 MIN)

我想不 起来哪一个熟人没有手机。今天没有手机的人是奇怪的，这种人才需要解释。我

们的所有社会关系都储存在手机的电话本里，可以随时调出使用。古代只有巫师才能拥有这

种法宝。

手机刷 新了人与人的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。可是会

议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。尽管如此，我

们也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。手 机反映出我们的“社交饥

渴症”

。< /p>

最为常见的是，

一个人走着走着突然停下来，

眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信。

他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。

< br>

为什么对于手机来电和短信这么在乎

?

因为我们迫切渴望与社会保持联系。

We, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergency - a threat to the survival of our

civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here. But there

is hopeful news as well: we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst - though not

all - of its consequences, if we act boldly, decisively and quickly.

However, too many of the world's leaders are still best described in the words of Winston

Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitler's threat:

decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, all powerful to be impotent.

So today, we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell

of atmosphere surrounding our planet, as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow, we will dump

a slightly larger amount, with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat

from the sun.

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2008)

-GRADE EIGHT

-

TEXT A

At the age of 16, Lee Hyuk Joon's life is a living hell. The South Korean 10th grader gets up at 6 in the morning to go to

school, and studies most of the day until returning home at 6 p.

m. After dinner,

it's time to hit the books again

–

at

one of

Seoul's

many

so-called

cram

schools.

Lee

gets

back

home

at

1

in

the

morning,

sleeps

less

than

five

hours,

then

repeats

the

routine

–

five

days

a week.

It's

a

grueling

schedule,

but

Lee worries that

it

may

not

be

good

enough

to

get

him

into

a

top

university. Some of his classmates study even harder.

South

Korea's

education

system

has

long

been

highly

competitive.

But

for

Lee

and

the

other

700,000

high-school

sophomores

in

the country

,

high-school studies

have

gotten

even more

intense. That's

because South

Korea

has

conceived

a

new college-entrance system, which will be implemented in 2008. This year's 10th graders will be the first group evaluated by

the new admissions standard, which places more emphasis on grades in the three years of high school and less on nationwide

SA

T-style and other selection tests, which have traditionally determined which students go to the elite colleges.

The change was

made

mostly

to

reduce

what

the

government

says

is

a

growing

education

gap

in

the country: wealthy

students go to the best colleges and get the best jobs, keeping the children of poorer families on the social margins. The aim is

to reduce the importance of costly tutors and cram schools, partly to help students enjoy a more normal high-school life. But the

new

system

has

had

the

opposite

effect.

Before,

students

didn't worry too

much

about

their

grade-point

averages;

the

big

challenge

was

beating

the standardized

tests

as

high-school seniors.

Now

students

are competing

against

one

another over

a

three-year period, and every midterm and final test is crucial. Fretful parents are relying even more heavily on tutors and cram

schools to help their children succeed.

Parents

and

kids

have

sent

thousands

of

angry

online

letters

to

the

Education

Ministry

complaining

that

the

new

admissions standard is setting students against each other.

Education experts say that South Korea's public secondary-school system is foundering, while private education is thriving.

According

to

critics,

the

country's

high

schools

are

almost

uniformly

mediocre

–

the

result

of

an

egalitarian

government

education policy. With the number of elite schools strictly controlled by the government, even the brightest students typically

have to settle for ordinary schools in their neighbourhoods, where the curriculum is centred on average students. To make up

for

the mediocrity, zealous parents send their kids to the expensive cram schools.

Students

in

affluent

southern

Seoul

neighbourhoods

complain

that

the

new system will

hurt

them

the

most.

Nearly

all

Korean

high

schools

will

be

weighted

equally

in

the

college-entrance

process,

and

relatively

weak

students

in

provincial

schools, who may not score well on standardized tests, often compile good grade-point averages.

Some universities, particularly prestigious ones, openly complain that they cannot select the best students under the new

system because it eliminates differences among high schools. They've asked for more discretion in picking students by giving

more weight to such screening tools as essay writing or interviews.

President Roh Moo Hyun doesn't like how some colleges are trying to circumvent the new system. He recently criticized

between

the

government

and

universities,

the country's

10th

graders

are

feeling

the

stress.

On

online

protest

sites, some

are

calling themselves a

Korean school system.

11.

According to the passage, the new college-entrance system is designed to ________.

A. require students to sit for more college-entrance testsB. reduce the weight of college-entrance tests

C. select students on their high school grades onlyD. reduce the number of prospective college applicants

12.

What seems to be the effect of introducing the new system?

A. The system has given equal opportunities to students.B. The system has reduced the number of cram schools.

C. The system has intensified competition among schools.D. The system has increased students' study load.

13.

According to critics, the popularity of private education is mainly the result of ________.

A. the government's egalitarian policyB. insufficient number of schools:

C. curriculums of average qualityD. low cost of private education

14.

According

to the

passage,

there seems

to

be

disagreement

over

the

adoption

of

the

new

system

between

the

following

groups EXCEPT

A. between universities and the governmentB. between school experts and the government

C. between parents and schoolsD. between parents and the government

15.

Which of the following adjectives best describes the author's treatment of the topic?

A. Objective.B. Positive.C. Negative.D. Biased.

TEXT B

Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones was a teenager before he saw his first cow in his first field. Born

in Jamaica, the 47-year-old

grew up in inner-city Birmingham before making a career as a television producer and launching his own marketing agency.

But deep down he always nurtured every true Englishman's dream of a rustic life, a dream that his entrepreneurial wealth has

allowed him to satisfy. These days he's the owner of a thriving 12-hectare farm in deepest Devon with cattle, sheep and pigs.

His latest business venture: pushing his brand of Black Fanner gourmet sausages and barbecue sauces.

very urban,

And of how to sell it. Emmanuel-Jones joins a herd of wealthy fugitives from city life who are bringing a new commercial

know-how to British farming. Britain's burgeoning farmers' markets-numbers have doubled to at least 500 in the last five years

–

swarm with specialty cheesemakers, beekeepers or organic smallholders who are redeploying the business skills they learned

in

the

city.

in

the

rural

community

has

to

come

to

terms

with

the

fact

that

things

have

changed,

says

Emmanuel-Jones.

ou can produce the best food in the world, but if you don't know how to market it, you are wasting your

time. We are helping the traditionalists to move on.

The

emergence

of

the

new

class

of

superpeasants

reflects

some

old

yearnings.

If

the

British

were

the

first

nation

to

industrialize,

they

were

also

the

first

to

head

back

to

the

land.

is

this

romantic

image

of

the

countryside

that

is

particularly English,

Howkins of the University of Sussex, who reckons the population of rural England has been

rising since 1911. Migration into rural areas is now running at about 100,000 a year, and the hunger for a taste of the rural life

has kept land prices buoyant even as agricultural

incomes tumble. About 40 percent of all farmland

is now sold to

buyers

What's new about the latest returnees is their affluence and zeal for the business of producing quality foods, if only at a

micro-level. A

healthy economy and surging London house prices have helped to ease the escape of the would-be rustics. The

media recognize and feed the fantasy. One of the big TV hits of recent years, the

of a London chef to run his own Dorset farm.

Naturally, the newcomers can't hope to match their City salaries, but many are happy to trade any loss of income for the

extra job satisfaction. Who cares if there's no six-figure annual bonus when the land offers other incalculable compensations?

Besides,

the

specialist

producers

can

at

least

depend

on

a

burgeoning

market

for

their

products.

Today's

eco-aware

generation loves to seek out authentic ingredients.

onetime investment banker now running his own 40-hectare spread in the English Midlands stocked with rare breeds.

Optimists see signs of far-reaching change: Britain isn't catching up with mainland Europe; it's leading the way.

most other countries, where artisanal food production is being eroded, here

it is being recovered,

Fort.

desirability of being a peasant.

not an

investment banker.

16.

Which of the following details of Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones is INCORRECT?

A. He was born and brought up in Birmingham.B. He used to work in the television industry.

C. He is wealthy, adventurous and aspiring.D. He is now selling his own quality foods.

17.

Most importantly, people like Wilfred have brought to traditional British farming ________.

A. knowledge of farmingB. knowledge of brand namesC. knowledge of lifestyleD. knowledge of marketing,

18.

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the emergence of a new class of farmers?

A. Strong desire for country life.B. Longing for greater wealth.C. Influence of TV productions.

D. Enthusiasm for quality food business.

19.

What is seen as their additional source of new income?

A. Modern tendency to buy natural foods.B. Increase in the value of land property.

C. Raising and selling rare live stock.D. Publicity as a result of media coverage.

20.

The sentence in the last paragraph

isn't catching up with mainland

Europe; it's leading the way

________.

A. Britain has taken a different path to boost economy.B. more authentic foods are being produced in Britain

C. the British are heading back to the countrysideD. the Europeans are showing great interest in country life

TEXT C

In Barcelona the Catalonians call them castells, but these aren't stereotypical castles in Spain. These castles are made up of

human beings, not stone. The people who perform this agile feat of acrobatics are called castellers, and to see their towers take

shape is to observe a marvel of human cooperation.

First the castellers form what looks like a gigantic rugby scrummage. They are the foundation blocks of the castle. Behind

them,

other

people

press

together,

forming

outward-radiating

ramparts

of

inward-pushing

muscle:

flying

buttresses for

the

castle. Then sturdy but lighter castellers scramble over the backs of those at the bottom and stand, barefoot, on their shoulders

–

then still others, each time adding a higher

These human towers can rise higher than small apartment buildings: nine

seems this tower of humanity can't defy gravity any longer, a little kid emerges from the crowd and climbs straight up to the top.

Arms extended, the child grins while waving to the cheering crowd far below.

Dressed in their traditional costumes, the castellers seem to epitomize an easier time, before

Barcelona became a world

metropolis arid the Mediterranean's most dynamic city. But when you observe-them tip close, in their street clothes, at practice,

you see there's nothing easy about what the castellers do-and that they are not merely reenacting an ancient ritual.

None of the castellers can-give a logical answer as to why they love doing this. But

V

ictor Luna, 16, touches me on the

shoulder and says in English:

Barcelona's mother tongue is Catalan, and to understand Barcelona, you must understand two words of Catalan: seny and

rauxa. Seny pretty much translates as common sense, or the ability to make money, arrange things, and get things done. Rauxa

is reminiscent of our words

What makes the castellers revealing of the city is that they embody rauxa and seny

. The idea of a human castle is rauxa

–

it

defies common sense

–

but to watch one going up is to see seny in action. Success is based on everyone working together to

achieve a shared goal.

The success of Carlos Tusquets' bank, Fibanc, shows seny at work in everyday life. The bank started as a family concern

and now employs hundreds. Tusquets said it exemplifies how the economy in Barcelona is different.

Entrepreneurial seny demonstrates why Barcelona and Catalonia

–

the ancient region of which Barcelona is the capital

–

are distinct from the rest of Spain yet essential to Spain's emergence, after centuries of repression, as a prosperous, democ

ratic

European country

. Catalonia, with Barcelona as its dynamo, has turned into

an economic powerhouse. Making up 6 percent of

Spain's territory, with a sixth of its people, it accounts for nearly a quarter of Spain's production

–

everything from textiles to

computers

–

even though the rest of Spain has been enjoying its own economic miracle.

Hand in hand with seny goes rauxa, and there's no better place to see rauxa in action than on the Ramblas, the venerable,

tree-shaded boulevard that, in gentle stages, leads you from the centre of Barcelona down to the port. There are two narrow

lanes

each

way

for

cars

and

motorbikes,

but

it's

the

wide

centre

walkway

that

makes

the

Ramblas

a

front- row

seat

for

Barcelona's

longest

running

theatrical

event

.

Plastic

armchairs

are

set

out

on

the

sidewalk.

Sit

in

one

of

them,

and

an

attendant

will

come

and

charge

you

a small

fee.

Performance

artists

throng

the

Ramblas

–

stilt

walkers,

witches caked

in

charcoal

dust,

Elvis

impersonators.

But

the

real

stars

are

the

old

women

and

happily

playing

children,

millionaires

on

motorbikes, and pimps and women who, upon closer inspection, prove not to be.

Aficionados (Fans) of Barcelona love to compare notes:

room,

talking into a cell phone.

There you have it, Barcelona's essence. The man is naked (rauxa), but he is talking into a cell phone (seny).

21.

From the description in the passage, we learn that ________.

A. all Catalonians can perform castellsB. castells require performers to stand on each other

C. people perform castells in different formationsD. in castells people have to push and pull each other

22.

According to the passage, the4mplication of the performance is that ________.

A. the Catalonians are insensible and noisy peopleB. the Catalonians show more sense than is expected

C. the Catalonians display paradoxical characteristicsD. the Catalonians think highly of team work

23.

The passage cites the following examples EXCEPT ________ to show seny at work.

A. development of a bankB. dynamic role in economyC. contribution to national economy

D. comparison with other regions

24.

In

the

last

but

two

paragraph,

the

Ramblas

is

described

as

front-row

seat

for

Barcelona's

longest

running

theatrical

event

A. On the Ramblas people can see a greater variety of performances.

B. The Ramblas provides many front seats for the performances.

C. The Ramblas is preferred as an important venue for the events.

D. Theatrical performers like to perform on the Ramblas.

25.

What is the main impression of the scenes on the Ramblas?

A. It is bizarre and outlandish.B. It is of average quality.C. It is conventional and quiet.D. It is of professional standard.

TEXT D

The law firm Patrick worked for before he died filed for bankruptcy protection a year after his funeral. After his death, the

firm's letterhead properly included him: Patrick S. Lanigan, 1954-1992. He was listed up in the right-hand corner, just above the

paralegals.

Then

the

rumors

got

started

and

wouldn't

stop.

Before

long,

everyone

believed

he

had

taken

the

money

and

disappeared. After three months, no one on the Gulf Coast believed that he was dead. His name came off the letterhead as the

debts piled up.

The remaining partners in the law firm were still together, attached unwillingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages and

the

bank

notes,

back when

they

were rolling

and

on

the

verge

of

serious wealth.

They

had

been

joint

defendants

in several

unwinnable

lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy. Since Patrick's departure, they had tried every possible way to divorce one another,

but nothing would work. Two were raging alcoholics who drank at the office behind locked doors, but nevertogether. The other

two were in recovery

, still teetering on the brink of sobriety.

He took their money. Their millions. Money they had already spent long before it arrived, as only lawyers can do. Money

for

their

richly

renovated

office

building

in

downtown

Biloxi.

Money

for

new

homes,

yachts, condos

in

the

Caribbean. The

money was on the way, approved, the papers signed, orders entered; they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner

–

Patrick

–

snatched it at the last possible second.

He

was

dead.

They

buried

him

on February

11,

1992. They

had

consoled

the widow

and

put

his rotten

name

on

their

handsome letterhead. Y

et six weeks later, he somehow stole their money.

They

had

brawled

over who was

to

blame.

Charles

Bogan,

the firm's

senior

partner

and

its

iron

hand,

had

insisted

the

money be wired from its source into a new account offshore, and this made sense after some discussion. It was ninety million

bucks, a third of which the firm would keep, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fifty

thousand. Someone at the bank would talk. Soon everyone would know. All four vowed secrecy

, even as they made plans to

display as much of their new wealth as possible. There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.

So Bogan took his share of the blame. At forty-nine, he was the oldest of the four, and, at the moment, the most stable. He

was also responsible for hiring Patrick nine years earlier, and for this he had received no small amount of grief.

Doug Vitrano, the litigator, had made the fateful decision to recommend Patrick as the fifth partner. The other three had

agreed, and when Patrick Lanigan was added to the firm name, he had access to virtually every file in the office. Bogan, Rapley,

Vitrano,

Havarac,

and

Lanigan,

Attorneys

and

Counselors-at-Law.

A

large

ad

in

the

yellow

pages

claimed

in

Offshore

Injuries.

Specialists

or

not,

like

most

firms

they

would

take

almost

anything

if

the

fees

were

lucrative.

Lots

of

secretaries and paralegals. Big overhead, and the strongest political connections on the Coast.

They were

all

in

their

mid-to

late

forties.

Havarac

had

been raised

by

his father

on

a shrimp

boat.

His

hands were

still

proudly calloused, and he dreamed of choking Patrick until his neck snapped. Rapley was severely depressed and seldom left

his home, where he wrote briefs in a dark office in the attic.

26.

What happened to the four remaining lawyers after Patrick's disappearance?

A. They all wanted to divorce their wives.B. They were all heavily involved in debts.

C. They were all recovering from drinking.D. They had bought new homes, yachts, etc.

27.

Which of the following statements contains a metaphor?

A. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.

B.…they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner...

C.…, attached unwi

llingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages...

D.…, and for this he had received no small amount of grief.

28.

According to the passage, what is the main cause of Patrick stealing the money?

A. Patrick was made a partner of the firm.

B. The partners agreed to have the money transferred.

C. Patrick had access to all the files in the firm.

D. Bogan decided to hire Patrick nine years earlier.

29.

The lawyers were described as being all the following EXCEPT

A. greedyB. extravagantC. quarrelsomeD. bad-tempered

30.

Which of the following implies a contrast?

A.…, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fifty thousand.

B. They had been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy

.

C. There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six- seater.

D. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.

PART III

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)

35.

The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic

work by ________.

A. William Langland.B. Geoffrey Chaucer.C. William Shakespeare.D. Alfred Tennyson.

36.

Who wrote The American?

A. Herman Melville.B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.

C. Henry James.D. Theodore Dreiser.

37.

All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th- century Britain EXCEPT

A. George Eliot.B. Iris Jean Murdoch.C. Doris Lessing.D. Muriel Spark.

38.

Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?

A. Arbitrariness.B. Displacement.C. Duality.D. Diachronicity.

39.

What type of sentence is

A. A

simple sentence.B. A

coordinate sentence.C. A

complex sentence.D. None of the above.

40.

The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called ________.

A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. homonymy

PART IV

PROOFREADING

& ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)

The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a

very natural one, and in result language has played a prominent

1

—

part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate

2

—

a given language to show that they are distinctive from another

3

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race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States

4

—

split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals that

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