初三英语第五单元知识点讲解解析
-
学科教师辅导讲义
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级：
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辅导科目：英语
学科教师：
授课日期及时段
教学目标
1.
掌握本单元知识点
2.
掌握被动语态
学习内容
Unit 5 What are the
shirts made of?
Section A 1
(1a
-
2d)
Language points
n.
作玻璃讲时，为不可数名词，表达数量则用。
。
。
piece(s) of glass
glass
作玻璃杯讲是可数名词
We can see everything through glass.
Three pieces of window glass were
broken because of strong wind.
2. be made of.
由…制（构）成。后接构成某物质的原料。
【例句】
This skirt
is made of silk.
这件裙子是用丝绸制成的。
【横向辐射】
be made of/from/up
of
的区别
1) be made
of
表示制成成品后，仍可看出原材料是什么
.
保留原材料的质和形状，制作过程仅发生物理变化。
【例句】
：
The kite is
made of paper
．风筝是用纸做的。
2)
be
made
from
表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，或
原材料在制作过程中发
生化学变化，在成品中已无法辨认。
【例句】
The paper is made from
wood
．纸是木头做的。
Butter is made from
milk
．黄油是从牛奶中提炼出来的。
3) be made up of
用…构成或组成的。指人、物皆可，指结构成分
【例句】
Our class is made up of
six groups.
我们班是由六个小组组成的。
4) be made in
＋地点
意为“在……（地方）制成”；
5) be made by
意为“被（某人）……制成
【课堂检测】
一、单项选择：
1.
—
What ________ the shirts
__________?
—
Cotton.
A. are; made from B. are; made of
C. is made
2.
—
Is your blouse made _______
silk?
—Yes. It’s made ______
Shanghai.
A. of; from
B. of, in C. from, in
3.
—
Your skirt looks nice.
What is it made ________?
—
Silk.
A. in B. from C. of
2. For example, Anxi and Hangzhou are
widely known for their tea.
widely
adv
.
广泛地；普遍地
wide
(
形容词
) + ly
→
widely
(
副词
)
e.g. Gas is widely used for cooking and
heating.
天然气被广泛地用于做饭和取暖。
3. Where is tea produced in
China?
produce
v
.
生产；制造；出产
英语中有
produce, gro
w
和
plant
三个动词均可用来描述
农作物及植物的
“
种植；
生产；生长
”
，但有所区别。
produce
指农作物成产量化地
“
出产
”
，或自然地
“
生长出；长出；结出
(
果实
)”
。
e.g. This region produces
over 50% of the country’s rice.
这个地区出产整个国家
50%
以上的大米。
These trees can produce very good
apples.
这些树能结出优质的苹果。
grow
表示
“
种植；使生长
< br>”
，着重指种植以后的栽培、生长过程。
e.g. These plants grow from seeds.
这些植物从种子生长而来。
The villagers grow coffee
and corn to sell in the market.
村民们种植咖啡和玉米好拿到市场上去卖。
< br>plant
侧重
“
栽种；播种<
/p>
”
这一行为，指把种子或秧苗种到土壤里使之生长。
e.g. How many trees have you
planted this year?
今年你们种了多少棵树？
They planted tomatoes and carrots in
their backyard.
他们在后院栽种了西红柿和胡萝卜。
3. For example, Anxi and Hangzhou are
widely known for their tea.
be known for
以
……<
/p>
闻名；为人知晓
be known
for = be famous for
e.g.
Suzhou is known for its beautiful
gardens.
苏州以其美丽的园林而闻名于世。
be known as
和
be
known for
be known as
意为
“
作为
……
而著名
”
。
be
known for
意为
“
因
……
而著名
”
。
根据句意用
be known
as
或
be known
for
的适当形式填空。
1)
Han Han ____________ his writings.
2) As we know, Yao Ming __________ a
basketball player.
5. Well,
as far as I know, tea plants are grown on the
sides of mountains.
as far
as I know
据我所知
on the sides of
在。
。
。的边上
Eg; Is
that factory on the side of the river?
the leaves are ready, they
are picked by hand and then are sent for
processing.
are picked by
hands
意为
“
被手工采摘
”
解析
1
：
by
hand
用手工（制作）
= handmade
手工做的
常用词组：
at hand
（在时间或距离上）接近
out of hand
难以（无法）控制
in
hand
在掌握中
Section A 2
(3a
-
3c)
1. no matter
无论；不论
no matter
意为
“
无论
”
与
“what, who, which, where,
how”
等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句。
e.g. No matter what you say, I won’t
believe you.
无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。
No matter when you are free, you can
come here for a cup of tea.
无论你什么时候有空，都可以来这里喝杯茶。
2. local
adj
.
当地的；本地的
e.g. The
local people are always friendly to tourists.
当地人对游客一向很热情。
3.
avoid
v.
避免；回避
avoid doing
sth.
避免做某事
avoid
后面常跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，但不能跟不定式作宾语。
e.g. They tried to avoid making Mrs. Li
angry.
他们尽量避免让李老师生气。
Jack kept back his anger
and avoided a fight.
杰克压住了怒火，避免了一场斗殴。
4. mobile
adj
.
可移动的；非固定的
mobile
phone
手机
e.g.
Would you please give us some details of your
mobile phone?
你能给我们一些你的手机的细节吗？
5. everyday
adj.
每天的；日常的
everyday<
/p>
是
every
和
day
构成的合成词。
everyday
是形容词
,
仅用在名词前作定语，不能单
独使用。
e.g. everyday
life
日常生活
everyday activities
日常活动
everyday
与
every
day
辨析
every day<
/p>
是副词短语，意为
“
每天
”
，用作时间状语。
e.g. The teacher asked us to read
English books every day.
老师让我们每天都要读英语。
VII
. Exercises
用括号中单词的适当形式填空
1. One who goes to ______ (French)
never fails to visit Paris.
2. How soon would you like to have
these ___________ (product) done?
3. In the crowd, Sam looked
aside to avoid _________ (see) Jane and
Mary.
4. Is this kind of
bicycle______ (make) in Shanghai?
5. The ______ (locally) government
listed him as an elderly person of no
home.
Section A 3 (Grammar
Focus
-
4c)
Summary
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化
表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
<
/p>
被动语态的谓语部分的结构是
be+
过去
分词。被动语态的句子有时态和人称，数的变化，这个
变化都由
be
来承担，后面的过去分词不变。
被动语态中的动词一定是及物动词或构成及物动词短语的
词语。
主动语
态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。
例如：
Many people speak
English.
谓语：
speak
的动作是由主语
< br>many people
来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。
例如：
E
nglish is spoken by many people.
主语
English
是动词
speak
的承受者。
例如：
He opened the door.
他开了门。
(
主动句
)
The
door was opened.
门被开了。
(
被动句
)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词
be
＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过
be
的变化表现出来的。现以
teach
为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般
现在时：
am
／
is
< br>／
are
＋
taught
一般过去时：
was
／
were
＋
taught
一般将来时：<
/p>
will
／
shall
be
＋
taught be going to
+be+taught
现在进行时：
am
／
i
s
／
are
being
＋
taught
过去进行时：
have
／
has
been
＋
taught
现在完成时：
have
／
has been
＋
taught
过去完成时：
had been
+taught
过去将来时
:
should/would +be+taught
带情态动词：
can/may/must+
be+taught
1.
一般现在时
History is made by the
people.
历史是人民创造的。
2.
一般过去时
These new cars were made in Tianjing in
1994.
这些新车是
1994
年在天津生产的。
3.
一般将来时
Li Ming will be asked to attend the
lecture.
李明将被邀请参加讲座。
4.
现在进行时
A new railway is being
built.
一条新铁路正在修建。
5.
过去进行时
The roads were being
widened.
路那时正在加宽。
6.
现在完成时
He has been sent to work in
Shanghai.
他已经被派往去上海工作了。
7.
过去完成时
A new hotel had been built when I got
there.
我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。
8.
过去将来时
He said a new hotel would be built in
two months.
他说两个月后新旅馆就会建好了的。
被动语态的否定句和疑问句
English is not used in European
countries.
欧洲国家不使用英语。
Is
English used in European
countries
？
欧洲国家使用英语吗？
1.
否定句
凡是有
be
动词的句子，其否定句都是在
be
动词的后面加
not
，被动语态
也不例外。
This song is not liked
by young people.
这支歌不被年轻人所喜爱。
Rome
was not built in a day.
罗马城不是一天建成的。
2.
被动语态的疑问句
把
Be
动词放在句首，
就构
成了被动语态的一般疑问句；
而疑问词
+
一般疑问句就构成了被动语
态的特殊疑问句了。
Is Chinese used only in
China
？
汉语只是在中国使用吗？
Were
these computers made in the
U.S.A.
？
这些计算机是美国制造的吗？
Yes
，
they
were.
是的。
No
，
they
weren't.
不是。
What
language is spoken in China
？
中国说什么语言？
Chinese.
汉语。
What was it
made of
？
它是什么制造的？
It was
made of bamboo.
是竹子造的。
.
三、被动语态的用法
(1)
不知道或没有必要说明动作的
执行者是谁
例如：
Some new computers were stolen last
night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
(
不知道电脑是谁偷的
)
This book was published in
(2)
强
调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：
the window
was broken by Mike.
This book was written by
him.
Eight hours per day for sleep must be g
uaranteed.
每天
8
小时睡眠
必须得到保证。
歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；
动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。
/
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)
把主动语态的宾语变为被动语
态的主语。
(2)
把谓语变成被动结构
(be
＋过去分词
)
(
根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称
和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定
be
的形式<
/p>
)
。
(3)
把主动语态中的主语放在介词
by
之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
All the
people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all
people.
They make the bikes in the
factory.
The bikes are made
by
them
in the
factory.
歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，
by
短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被
动，
be
后“过分”来使用。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋
be
＋过去分词”构成，原来带
to
的情态动词变成被动语态后“
to
”仍要保留。
歌诀是
：情态动词变动，情态加
be
加“过分”
，原来带
to
要保留。例如：
We can repair
this watch in two days.
This watch can be repaired
in two days.
You ought to take it away.
It
ought to be taken away.
They should do it at once.
It should be
done at once.
He is going to
make it.
→It is going to be
made
（
by
him
）
.
We can change water into
ice.
我们可以把水变成冰。
Water can be changed into
ice.
水可以被变成冰。
You must not take out any
books.
你不可以拿走任何一本书。
Any
books mustn't be taken out by you.
六、使用被动语态应注意的几点
<
/p>
1.
带双宾语的主动结构的句子，变为被动语态结构时，只能将其
中的一个宾语变为主语，另一
个宾语仍要保留。如果保留的是间接宾语，要在间接宾语之
前加上介词
to
或
for.
如：
She sent me a novel
on my birthday.
I was sent a
novel on my birthday.
She
sent a novel to me on my birthday.
A novel was sent to me on my
birthday.
We are taught
English by her.
或
English is
taught to us by her.
同样类型的：
give sb sth/buy sb
sth
；
give sth to sb/ buy sth for
sb.
2.
当使役动词和感官动词（如
make
，
let
，
hear
，
see
等）用与被动语态时，不定式必须带
to
The boss made him work over twelve
hours a day.
He was made to work over twelve hours a
day.
3.
短语动词用于被动语态应作为一个整体，不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。如：
The
meeting has been put off.
4.
有些及物动词和及物动词短语<
/p>
(
多表示
“静态”
)
不能用于被动语态，
常见的有
ha
ve
，
cost
，
last
，
hold
，
fit
，
agree with
等。
5.
有些
不及物动词以主动形式表示被动意义，
常见的有
cut
，
wash
，
write
，
sell
等。
如：
The shirt washes
well.
动词短语的被动语态
take care of
照看
→be taken care of
cut down
砍倒
→be cut down
laugh at
嘲笑
→be laughed at
look after
照料
→be looked after
必背！
被动语态的动词短语
以下这些短语本
身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加
“by”
。
< br>
be covered with
用
……
覆盖着
be surprised at
对
……
感到
惊奇
be known to
出名
be
interested in
对
……
感兴趣
be made of
（
from
）
用
……
制造的
主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况
学
了被动语态，有些同学认为主动句和被动句可以随便换用，没什么差别，这是一个错觉，在
一般情况下主动句比被动句用得多。同时，要注意有些情况下是不能变为被动语态的。
动词的变化
动词通常有下述的五种变化形态，以
use
为例：
原形
→ use
第三人称单数现在式
→ uses
过去式
→ used
过去分词
→ used
现在分词
→ using
1.
当宾语是反身代词时
The man introduced himself as Mr.
Parker.
那个人自我介绍说他是帕克。
I
found myself in the park.
我不知不觉地来到公园里。
2.
当谓语是表状态的及物动词时
Does the pair of new shoes suit
you
？
那双新鞋你穿着合适吗？
We
will have a meeting.
↓