真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句

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2021年02月11日 16:41
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2021年2月11日发(作者:巧姐)


真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句





eg .




If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点,


他将错过巴士。


(


真 实条件状语


)


(不是虚拟语气)





If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories.


如果他是空闲的 ,


他会要求我讲故事。(真实条件状语)(不是虚拟语气)





If I were you, I would go at once.


如果我是你,我马上就会去。



(非真实条件状语从句)





If there were no air, people would die.


如果没有空气,人就会


死亡。(非真实条件状语从句)



用法及动词形式





1


、表示与现在事实相反的情况:





if+


主 语


+


过去时


+


其他


+


主语


+should/woul d/could/might+do+


其他





例:






I were you, I would take an umbrella.


如果我是 你,我会带


把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)





I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.


如果我 知


道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)





there were no air or water, there would be no living


things on the earth.


如果没有水和空 气,地球上就不会有生物。


(


事实:


地 球上既有空气也有水


)




I had any money with me, I could lend you some.


如果我带


钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实 :没带钱)





he studied harder, he might pass the e xam.


如果他再努力些,


就能通过考试了。(事实:没有努力



2


、表示与过去事实相反的情况





if+


主语


+had done +< /p>


其他


+


主语


+s hould/would/could/might+have


done+


其他






例:





1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.


如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)





he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a


mistake.


如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错 误了。(事实:没有


听我的话)





3


、表示对将来情况的主观推测





①if+主语


+were to do+sth.+

< p>
主语


+should/would/could/might+do+


其他






② if+主语


+did/be(w ere)+sth.+


主语



+sho uld/would/could/might+do+


其他






③i f+主语


+should+do+sth.+


主语


+should/would/could/might+do+


其他





例:





he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him.


如果他哪天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。



(事实:来的可能性很小)





there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go


skating. < /p>


如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:不知能否下


雪 )





she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about


the matter.


如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。





在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的


宾语从句


,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,


< /p>


+动词原形



构成,


should


可省略。





4




有时,


虚拟条件句


中,结果主句和条件从句 的谓语动作若不是同时


发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整






① 从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的


事实不符

< p>
。如:





If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.


如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了





If they had informed us, we would not come here now.

如果他们


通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。





②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而 主句的动作与过去事实不符


。如:





If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.



果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。





If he knew her, he would have greeted her.


要是他认识她的话,


他 肯定会去问候她了。





③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反,而主句的动作与现在正在发生的


情 况相反


。如:





If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be


growing much better.


如果天不下太多的雨的话,庄稼会长得更好。





If he had been working hard, he would be working in the


office now.


要是他一直努力工作的话,他现在已进了办公室了。





5




当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有


were, should, h ad


时,


if


可以省

< br>略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即将


were, should, had


等词置于句首,


这种多用于书面语。


如:< /p>





Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.


要是他


答应去的话,我们就派他去。





Were she here, she would agree with us.


如果她在这儿的话,她


会同意我们的。





Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to


work here.


如果她懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。





6


、非真 实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词


短语、上下文或其他方式表 示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况


下,条件会暗含在短语中,如

< p>
without„., but for„.等






But for his help, we would be working now.


要不是他的帮助,


我们还会在工作呢。





Without your instruction, I would not have made such great


progress.


要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步。





We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have


telephoned him.


我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话。





7




有时, 虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话


人的一种强烈的感情






①省略从句





He would have finished it.


他本该完成了。





You could have passed this exam.


你应该能通过这次考试了。





②省略主句





If I were at home now.


要是我现在在家里该多好啊。





If only I had got it.


要是我得到它了该多好啊。、



编辑 本段


虚拟语气(


Subjunctive Mood)


的其他用法



用在


wish


后的宾语从句





a


、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓 语动词用过去式





eg. I wish I had your brains.


我希望我有你那样的头脑。


(


事实:我


根本比不上你


)



< p>
b


、表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:


ha d+done(


动词过去分词)





eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.


我希望我原来知


道 这件事的真相。(事实:原来不知道)





c


、表示将来难以实现的愿望





谓语动词:


should/would +


动词原形





eg. I wish I should have a chance again.


我希望我还能有一次这


样的机会。 (事实:很难再有这样的机会了)





(


注:


if only



as if/as though


也有相同用法)



用在目的状语从句中





1


.



for fear that, in case, lest


引导的,若用虚拟语气时,从句< /p>


谓语为



should +


动词原形。并且


should


不能省略






She examined the door again for fear that a thief should


come in.


她又把门检查了一遍,以防盗贼的进入。





He started out earlier lest he should be late.


他很早就出发了


以防迟到。





2


、在


so that, in order that


所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的


谓语 为:


can / may / could / might / will / would / should +


动词


原形。





He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.


他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。





He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss


a word.


他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。



其他用法





1


、一想要


(desire)


二宁愿


(prefer)


三命令


(order. command)


四建议


(advice. suggest. propose)


五要求


(demand. require. request.


)


中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句 的谓语动词都用




should +


动词原形”或只用“动词原形


”。







He suggested that we (should) take the teacher’s advice.





He insisted that we (should) take the teacher’s advice.





He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice.





He ordered that we (sh


ould) take the teacher’s advice.





注:< /p>


insist


如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持某 种观点


就不用虚拟语气。





如:


He insist he is a student.


他坚持说他是个学生。





这个语句表示的是事实,因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。





suggest

< br>意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。





如:


His face suggests that he looks worried .


他的表情暗含着


他很担心。





这个句子本身是事实,因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。





③表情绪


.


观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气


.



:necessary.


important. impossible. natural. strange. surprising.




funny. right. wrong. better. a pity


等。





句型:


It is.......that

< br>结构后的


主语从句


,从句的谓语动词都要用



should+


原型



或只用动词原型。





④虚拟语气在


方式状语从句


的应用。详


百度百科



方式状语从句


词条。


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