高中阶段延续性和非延续性动词的用法大全
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延续性和非延续性动词
< br>一
.
延续性动词
表示行为或过程能持久继续下去或能产生持久的影响。如
contain,
have, hold, lie, live, make, sit, rain, sleep,
stand, study, wait, wear, work
等。
也包括表示状态感情思维类的，如
believe, consider,
hate, hope, know, like, love, respect, think,
understand, wish
等。延续性动词可以与表示
时间段的状语连用。
①可以和
“
段时间
”
状语连用
表示
“
段时间
”
短语
,
如
f
or +
段时间
(for 2 years, for a
long time ,for the spring,)
；
since
从句
(since he came here)<
/p>
或
since+
点时间
< br>(since last year,
since 5 days ago,
since leaving school)
；
how
long; always
；
all day
long
；
until April
等。
This book has
been lying on the desk for a week.
这本书已经
在桌子上放一个星期了。
(
错
This
book has been put on the desk for a week.
其中
put
on
是瞬间动词
)
Men wear suits when they attend meeting
s.
男人在开会时穿西装。
(
错
Men put on suits when they attend
meetings.
其中
put
on
是瞬间动词
)
She has
worked hard for a year.
她一年来一直努力工作。
(
错
She has worked hard
a year ago.
其中
a year
ago
是点时间
)
②不能和
“
点时间
”
状语连用<
/p>
如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间动作
,<
/p>
可以借助
come, begin,
get
等非延续性动词来表示。
It
began to rain at eight yesterday morning.
昨早
8
点开始下雨了。
(
错
It rained at eight yesterday
morning.
其中
rain
为延
续性动词
,
而
at eight
表示
“
点时间
”,<
/p>
前后显然矛盾
)
When did
you get to know Jack? -Two years ago.
你什
么时候认识杰克的？两年前。
(when
可接段时间也可以接点
时间
)
How did you come to know
it?
你怎么知道这件事的？
After lunch it began to
rain.
午饭后天下起雨来。
I
can't get used to the wet
weather.
我不能习惯于这潮湿的天气。
③可用于各种时态
,
表示动作延续
< br>
We will stay in Dalian for the
whole summer.
我们一夏天将留在大连
(
一般时
)
What are you
doing? I'm doing some dishes.
你在干什么？我在洗
碗
(
进行时
)
They have been watching TV for the
whole evening.
他们整晚上一直在看电视
(<
/p>
完成进行时
)
④表示状态思维感情等延续性动词，一般不可用于进行时。
I like his ideas.
我喜欢他的主意。
(
错
I'm liking his
ideas)
I understood what he said.
我理解他说的话。
(
错
I
was understanding what he said.)
表示状态感情
思维动词如用进行时则不表示正在
“
进行
”,
而表示有三种情况：
(
一是即将
发生的动作；二是感情和强调情况的暂时性；三是
一时的表现
)
：
She is having a
holiday next Sunday.
她下个星期天度假
(
即将动作
)
How are
you feeling today?
你今天感觉怎样？
(<
/p>
亲切感情
)
You are
being a good child today.
你今天是个乖孩子
(
一时表现
)
二
.
非延续性动词
也称
瞬间动词、
终止性动词、
一时性动词，
表示动作发生后立即结束，
不能延续。
如
close, open, come, go, sell, buy, borrow, lend,
return, put
on, take off, begin, start,
finish, break, stop, arrive, leave, move, die,
lose, give, answer, ask, add, admit, attack,
bring, catch, discover, fall, marry,
receive, post, find, take away, set
out, happen, renew, go away, shut, hit, jump
等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用。
< br>①肯定句中只与
“
点时间
”
状语连用
two years ago;
yesterday, last week, at five o'clock, in the
winter, in 2000, today,
tomorrow
等。
He
went away a long time ago.
他已走了很长时间了。
(
错
He went away for a
long time.
其
go
away
是非延续性动作
)
He
died 5 years ago.
他死了五年了。
(
错
He has died for 5
years.
可以改成：
He has been dead
for5 years./ / It is 5 years since he died./ 5
years has
passed since he
died.
)
②否定句中可与
“<
/p>
段时间
”
连用（即动作没有发生的否定状
态是可以延续的）
I haven't left here
for 3 years.
我三年没离开这里了。
When did she get to know my e-mail
address?
她何时知道我
e-mail
地址？
I didn't open the
window for a week.
我一个星期没开窗了。
(
错
I opened the window for a
week.)
He didn't arrive until the film
had begun.
他直到电影开始才到。
(
错
He arrived until the film had
begun.)
③可与表示笼统时间状语连用
I have just bought a new skirt.
< br>我刚刚买了一条新裙子。
(just
时间笼统
)
He has come to study
Chinese.
他来学汉语。
The train has arrived.
火车到了。<
/p>
(
时间笼统
)
Have you joined the computer group?
你加入电脑小组了吗？
(
时间笼统
)
④不与
how long
连用
(
只限于肯定式
)
How long can I borrow the car?
车子我可以借多久
? (
错
,
其中
borrow
为瞬
间动词
)
。修正如下：
How long can I keep the car?
How long have you come here?
你来这多久了？
(
错
,
其中
come
为瞬间动词
)
。修正如下：
How long
have you been here?
(
使用延续动词
)
When did
you come here
?(
使用
when
适用延续或非延续两种情况的时间词
)
how long is it since you came
here?
(
使用
since
从句
)
⑤一般不用于进行时或完成进行时
She has put on a hat.
她已戴上帽子<
/p>
(
错
She has been
putting on a hat.)
The car has stopped.
车已经停了
(
错
The car has been stopping.)
⑥用于进行时、完成进
行时，并与
“
段时间
”
连用
,
则表示一个习惯性或反复性的动作。用于进行时
还可以表示一个将来的动作
The little boy
is jumping up and down for several minutes.
小男孩上下跳了好几分钟
(
反复性动作
)
I have met him every day on the
same bus for a year.
这一年我在同一辆公交车上每天遇见他
(
习惯性动作
)
The train is leaving/ arriving
火车就要出站
/
进站了。
The spring is
coming.
春天就要来了。
We're going
home.
我们要回家了。
三．延续与非延续性动词转换的五种方法
①将非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词：
arrive here→be
here
arrive in/ at→be in/at/
stay (
in)
become→be
begin
to know (study)→know (study)
begin(start)→be on(
放影
,
开演
)
begin/
start to do→do
borrow/
lend→keep
break→be broken
buy/get→have(
买
)
catch/ get a cold→have a
cold
close→be closed
come back→be b
ack
come here→be here
come out→be out
come to (the island) →be on (the
island)
come to
work→work
come to→be in/ on/
at
come→be
die→be dead/ be gone
dress→be dressed
fall ill/sick/asleep→be ill/ sick/
asleep
finish/ end/
complete→be over (be through)
get back→be back
get here→be here
get married/ marry→be
married
get ready→be
ready
get to do
(
逐渐
)→ do
get to know→know
get to→be (in) / stay (in)
get u
p→be up
go/get (out)→be out