中考英语单项选择题 部分知识点讲解
-
中考英语
单项选择
相关讲解
几组近义动词和动词词组辨析
1
．几个“花费”：
spend,
take, pay, cost.
（
1
）
spend
多用人作主语，
后接金钱或时间。
spend
…
on sth /
（
in
）
doing
sth
，
例如：
I
spent 15 yuan on this new book.
（
2
）
take
常用于
句型中，例如：
It often takes
me half an hour to go to school by bike every day.
（
3
）
pay
常与<
/p>
for
连用，表“付给
……
款”。例如：
I paid 15 Yuan
for this new book.
（
4
）
cost
常用物作主语，表“价值或花费多少钱”，例如：
This new book cost me 15 Yuan.
2
．几个“看”：
look,
see, watch, read, find
（
1
）
look
看，
表动作，
look at
。
例如：
P
lease
don’t loo
k out of the window.
（
2
）
see
看见，表结果；也可说看电影“
see a
film
”。例如：
His
father saw him sitting on some eggs.
（
3
）
watch
观看比赛、演出、电视等。
（
4
）
read
读书看报等文字材料。
例如：
My father is reading newspaper now.
3
．
几个与
“看”
有关的词或词组：
look for, find, find
out, look after, take care
of,
look over, look forward to,
（
1
）
look for
寻找，
表过程；
find
发现，
找到
，
表结果；
find out
找出，
查明。例如：
I looked for my lost pen everywhere,
but couldn’t find it anywhere.
（
2
）
look after, take care of
均表示“照看，照顾”。
（
3
）
look
over
检查身体等。
（
4
）
look
forward to
盼望
……，
期待
……。
例如：
I am looking forward to your letter.
She looks forward to going to
visit her grandparents in
Dalian.
4
．几个“说”：
say,
speak, talk, tell
（
1
）
say
接说话的内容，作及物动词。
say
sth
to
sb.
对某人说某事。例
如：
Did you say goodbye to your granny?
（
2
）
speak
常指能说某种语言，
打电话时常
用它表示说话，
也有
“演讲”
的意思，
不强调说话的内容。例如：
We can speak
Chinese and English.
May I speak to
Henry?
He will speak at the
meeting tonight.
（
3
）
talk
多是不及物动词，<
/p>
指交谈、
谈论；
做名词时有演讲、
报告之意。
例如：
They are talking about their friends
now.
I will talk to your father about your
health next time.
Mr. Zhang is going to give
us a talk at the meeting.
（
4
）
tell
的意思是“告诉某人
……
；讲述
……；
吩咐某人做
……”。
多
为及物动词，后面多接两个宾语。例如：
I will tell
him the news as soon as he comes back tomorrow.
Granny often tells me funny
stories.
The policeman told us
not to play football in the street
again.
5
．几个“穿，戴”：
put on,
wear, dress, in
（
1
）
put
on
指“穿上、戴上”的意思，强调动作，代词多放在中间。例
如：
Here is your coat. Put it
on, Lucy.
He put on his new pair of sunglasses
and went out.
（
2
）
wear
指“穿着，戴着”，表示状
态。例如：
-
“What
is
she
wearing?”
-
“She’s
wearing
a
red
hat
and
a
blue
jacket.
”
（
3
）
dress
指“给某人穿衣服”，其宾语多是人。例如：
My mother is
dressing herself.
My little
brother is too young. Mom dresses him every
morning.
dress up
指“穿上盛装，打扮”
（
4
）
in
后多接衣服的颜色，表示“穿着
……
颜
色衣服的”。例如：
The man in black is my
father.
Have you seen a boy in a
red sweater?
6
．几个“到达”：
reach,
arrive in / at, get to
（
1
）
reach
是个
及物动词，它后面可以直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。
例如：
We reached Shanghai at eight on Monday.
（
2
）
arrive
是个不及物动词，后面接表示地点的名词作宾语时需在
宾
语前加介词
in
或
< br>at
（在国家和较大的城市或地区前用
in
，较小的地方或
单位前用
at
）。
例如：
We have
already arrived in Shanghai.
They arrived at school at 6:30 yesterday.
（
3
）
get
to
表示到达，多用于口语中。例如：
I got to the Capital Cinema at 9:00.
注意
：当表示到达
here,
there, home
时，
arrive
或
get
后不要加介
词。
例如：
When did you get
home? When will you arrive there?
7
．几个“带、拿”：
bring,
take, get, carry
（
1
）
bring
指将某物或某人从离说话人较远处“拿来”或“带来”。
例
如：
You’d
better
finish
you
homework
today
and
bring
it
to
school
tomorrow.
May I bring Tom
along?
Bring the book to me, please.
（
2
）
take
指将某物或某人从离说话人较近
处“带到”或“拿到”
离说话
人较远处。例如：
Could you take the book to the
classroom? I am busy now.
（
3
）
get
指从说话人所在位置到别处把某物拿来。例如：
Will you get that book for me?
（
4
）
carry
不强调动作来去的方向，只说
明动作方式，表示“背着、扛
着、提着、载着”等含义。例如
The buses and taxis are carry people
here and there.
The box is so
heavy that the little boy can’t carry
it.
8
．几个与“听”有关的词或
词组：
listen to, hear, hear of, hear from
（
1
）
listen to
听
……，
表示听的动作。
<
/p>
（
2
）
hear
听见，听到。表示结果。例如：
I
listened to the speaker carefully, but
I couldn’t hear anything.
（
3
）
hear of
听说„„。例如：
Have you heard of this news?
（
4
）
hear
from
收到某人的信息或来信。例如：
I heard from my friend in Australia
last week.
9
．
beat
和
win
（
1
）
beat
表示“赢”或“打败”，后面要接被打败的对手。例如：<
/p>
Our football team beat
theirs by 3 to 1.
< br>（
2
）
win
< br>用作及物动词时，
后面接的不是被打败的对手，
而是比赛
本身、
游戏、战争、名次等。例如：
Our
football team won the football game by 3 to 1.
10
．
rise
和<
/p>
raise
（
1
）
rise
是不及物动词，表示“上升、提高、增长”等。例如：
The
sun rises in the east.
Our country’s
international
prestige
（
国际声望
）
is rising
continually.
（
2<
/p>
）
raise
是及物动词，表示“举起、
抬起”。
He raised his
hand picked an apple.
11
．
borrow,
lend
和
keep
（
1
）
borrow
指其逻辑主语从别处或别人那里“借来”东西，常与介
词
from
连用。例如：
May I borrow some money from you?
You can borrow books from the library.
（
2
）
lend
指其逻辑主语将东西“借出、借
给”别人，常与介词
to
连用。
例如：
Could you lend me some
money?
The library lends books to
the students.
（
3
）
keep
表示“保存”，与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。例如：
How
long may I keep the book?
I
have kept the book for 3 weeks.
12
．
receive
和
ac
cept
（
1
）
receive
的意思是“收到了„„”，只表示收到某物，并不表明同意
或不同意接受的含
义。例如：
I
received a gift from her, but I returned it back
to her this morning.
（
2
）
accept
表示
“接受„„”
，
“同意接纳„„”
。
如接受物体、
邀
请、
批评等。
He
received an invitation from her and accepted it
happily.
13
．
answe
r
与
reply
< br>（
1
）
answer
意为“回答、响应、答复、接听电话”等，多作及物动词。
例如：
Who can answer my
question?
I
called you, but no one answered the telephone.
（
2
）
reply
意为“回答、答复”，是不及物动词，后需加介词
to,
at
等
再加宾语。例如：
< br>
H
e didn’t want
to reply to my questions.
14
．
hope
与
expect
（
1
）
hope
指主观上的愿望
，但在客观上不一定有实现的可能性，常接
that
从句、动词
不定式或以介词
for
引出的短语。例如：
I hope you will come to see me again
when you are 100 years old.
Hope for the best and prepare for the
worst.
（
2
）
expect
着重指客观
上有可能实现的“期待、期望”等，其后可接名
词、代词、动词不定式或
that
从句。例如：
I
am expecting that you will come soon.
She
is expecting a letter from him.
15
．
lie
和
lay
（
1
）
lie
有多个意思：表示“躺；展示；位
于”时，其变化是：
lay, lain,
lying
；
表示“说谎”时，其变化是：
lied, lied,
lying
例如：
I saw an old man lying on
the street.
Don’t believe
him. He always lies.
（
2
）
lay
的含意是“放置、产卵”等。其变化是：
laid, laid, laying.
I can’t find my
book anywhere. I remember that I laid it on the
desk
last night.
习题精选
1. She has
the library
book for two weeks.
A. kept
B. lent
C. borrowed
D. keeping
2.
–“How to learn English well, Miss
Read?”
–“First, try to
English in and out of class as much as
possible.
A. say
B. talk
C. tell
D. speak
3. It’s hot here. Why not
your coat?
A.
take off
B.
dress up
C. try
on
D. put on
4.
We
start
early
tomorrow
morning
to
the
top
of
the
hill
before
the
sun rises.
A.
spend
B. reach
C. go
D.
get
5. I am thirsty, please
me
a bottle of water.
A. take
B.
carry
C. pull
D.
bring
6. Mother said that cooking
much time every
day.
A. paid
B. took
C
. made
D. spent
7.
People
usually
“hello”
to
each
other
when
they
make
a
phone
call.
A. say
B.
speak
C. tell
D.
talk
8.
With
the
help
of
computers,
news
can
every
corner
of
the
world.
A. get
B. arrive
C. return
D. reach
9. It’s too dark in the room. You can
nothing.
A. look
B. look at
C. see
D. watch
10. My father enjoys
the newspapers after supper.
A. looking
B. watching
C. finding
D. reading
11. It
me about two hours to do my homework
every day.
A. takes
B. costs
C. spends
D. pays
12. He spoke in a low voice, so nobody
could
him.
A. listen
B. listen to
C. hear
D. hear from
13.
Can you
it in English?
A. speak
B. talk
C. say
D. tell
14. What
will your friend
us from America?
A. take
B. bring
C. carry
D. make
15. You
can see the sun
in
the east at this time if it is a fine day.
A. to rise
B. rising
C.
raising
D. to
raise
非谓语形式：
⑴．不定式
①意义：动词的非谓语
形式，常发生在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之后，作
主语、
宾
语﹙动词宾语﹚、
宾语补足语、
表语、
定语﹙常表示功能﹚、
状语。