4

）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的

“I've heard from parents whose children were hurt by

our online comments. I've heard from people who said they wouldn't send in letters to the editor

because they were attacked so fiercely by co

mments, and wasn't worth it.”

可知，根据最后一段

许多 读者对

Autumn Phillips

是支持的。故选

D

。

【点评】本题 考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需

要根据上下文 进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4

．

阅读理解

Education

is

not

a

bystanders

sport.

Numerous

researchers

have

shown

that

when

students

participate

in

classroom

discussion

they

hold

more

positive

attitudes

toward

school,

and

that

positive

attitudes

promote

learning.

It

is

no

coincidence

that

girls

are

more

passive

in

the

classroom discussion and score lower than boys on SATs.

We found that at all grade levels in all communities

and in all subject areas boys controlled

classroom

communication.

They

participated

in

more

interactions

than

girls

did,

and

their

participation became greater as the year went on.

Our

research

contradicted

the

traditional

assumption

that

girls

control

classroom

communication in reading while boys in math. We found that whether the subject was language

arts and English or math and science, boys got more than their fair share of teacher attention.

That teachers talk more to male students is simply because boys are more aggressive in grabbing

their attention by calling out answers to the teachers' questions first. While girls sit patiently with

their hands raised or keep silent. Psychologist Lisa Serbin and O'Leary, then at the state

university of New York at stony brook studied classroom interaction at preschool level and found

that teachers gave boys more attention, praised them more often and were at least twice as likely

to have extended conversations with them.

Years of experience have shown that the best way to learn something is to do it yourself. It is

also important to give students specific and direct feedback about the quality of their work and

answers. Teachers behave differently depending on whether boys or girls are active to provide

answers during discussions. During classroom discussion, teachers in our study reacted to boys

answers

with

powerful,

precise

and

effective

responses,

while

they

often

gave

girls

mild

and

unclear reactions because of their silence. Too often, girls remain in the dark about the quality of

their answers. Active students receiving precise feedback are more likely to achieve academically.

And they are more likely to be boys.

This

kind

of

communication

game

is

played

at

work,

as

well

as

at

school.

As

reported

in

numerous studies, it goes like this.

Men speak more often and frequently interrupt women.

Listeners recall more from male speakers than from female speakers, even when both use a

similar speaking style and cover the same content.

Women participate less actively in conversation. They do more smiling and gazing, and they are

more often the passive by standers in professional and social conversations among peers.

Women

often

their

own

statements

into

unsure

comments.

This

is

accomplished

by

using

qualifiers and by adding tag question. These uncertain patterns weaken impact and signal a lack

of power and influence.

Only

when

girls

are

active

and

treated

equally

in

the

classroom

will

they

be

more

likely

to

achieve equality in the workplace.

（

1

）

What does the authors mean when they say“Education is not a bystanders sport.”?

A. Both boys and girls should do more sports.

B. The girl students should be the audience to

watch the boy students' discussions.

C. The boy students should not be too active in the classroom discussions.

D. Both boy and

girl students should take an active part in the classroom discussions.

（

2

）

Which of the following is Not true?

A. Girls' scores are lower than boys on SATs.

B. Girls control classroom discussion in reading

while boys in maths.

C. Boys control classroom discussion in both reading and maths.

D. Boys are more confident

in calling out answers to catching the teachers' attention.

（

3

）

The

factors

that

contribute

to

the

students'

effective

learning

are

the

following

except__________.

A. The

students

can

take

an

active

part

in

the

classroom

discussion

B. The

students

do

it

themselves

C. Teachers

can

give

students

specific

and

direct

feedback

the

quality

of

their

work

and

answers

D. Students transform their own statements into uncertain comments

【答案】

（

1

）

D

（

2

B

（

3

）

D

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇议论文 ，论述了教育不是旁观者的活动。要想学有所获，必

须积极参与其中互动。男生比女生更 加积极地参与课堂互动，因此获得老师更多的直接指

导，这使得他们的能力得到培养，个 性也得到张扬，所以在今后的职场中也能够站统领地

位。女性要想获得同等的地位，应该 从积极参与课堂互动开始。

（

1

）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，许多研究表明，当学生参与课堂讨论时，他们对上学

持更积极的态度，积极的态度促进学习。女生在课堂讨论中更被动，在

SAT

考试中得分低

于男生，这不是巧合。因此推断作者说

“

教育不是旁观者的活动

”

是为了表明男孩和女孩都

应该积极参与课堂讨论。故选

D

。

（

2< /p>

）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的

“Our

research

contradicted

the

traditional

assumption

that

girls

control

classroom

communication

in

reading

while

boys

in

math.

We

found

that

whether the subject was language arts and English or math and science, boys got more than their

fair

share

of

teacher

attent ion.”

可知，我们的研究违背了传统的假设，即女孩在阅读中控制

< br>课堂交流，而男孩在数学中控制课堂交流。我们发现，无论是语言艺术和英语，还是数学

< br>和科学，男孩在教师的注意力中所占的份额都超过了他们的平均水平。因此女孩在阅读中

< br>控制课堂交流，而男孩在数学中控制课堂交流的说法是错误的。故选

B

（

3

）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的

“Numerous researchers have shown that when students

participate

in

classroom

discussion

they

hold

more

positive

attitudes

toward

school,

and

that

positive

attitudes

promote

learning.”

可知，

A

项< /p>

“

学生们能够积极参与课堂讨论

”

是对的；根

据第四段的

“Years

of

experience

have

shown

that

the

best

way

to

learn

something

is

to

do

it

yourself.

It

is

also

important

to

give

students

specific

and

direct feedback

about

the

quality

of

their work and answers. ”

可知，多年的经验表明，最好的学习方法是自己去做。给学生关于

他们的工作和答案的质量的具体而直接的反馈也是很重要的。

故

B

、

C

都 是有利的因素；

而

D

项

“

学生们将自己的陈述转化为不确定的评论

”

文章中没有提到。故选

D

。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的 考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需

要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从 而选出正确答案。

5

．

阅读理解

If you're showering every day, you're probably over doing it. In fact, showering too often can

actually hurt your body in the long run.

As Time's public health column explains, daily showers are common due to social norms more

than

any

proper

health

need.

We

connect

being

freshly

showered

with

being

attractive

and

pleasing, so we tend to showering often to feel better.

But what's the ideal shower frequency? In terms of your health

—

not how you look or smell

—

probably

once

or

twice

a

week,

assistant

professor

of

dermatology

at

George

Washington

University, Dr. C. Br

andon Mitchell says. “Your body is naturally a well

-

oiled machine,” he says. “A

daily shower isn't necessary.”

Of course, your situation may vary. If you have a job like car maintenance or construction, you'll

obviously have a visible layer of dirt you'll need to wash off every single day. Similarly, if you work

out every day, you may not have any health risks by washing every day, but you'll still be smelly. If

you feel like you need to take daily showers for aesthetic

（审美的）

reasons, at least make most

of them light showers. “I tell patients who shower daily not to soap their whole bodies,” Mitchell

says. Hit your pits, butt and groin, which are the areas that produce strong smells. The rest of

your body doesn't need much soaping, he says.

Too much time spent under the hot water can dry out your skin, cause cracks

（裂纹）

that can

lead to infections or germs getting into your skin, and take away the natural oils on your skin that

help keep it healthy. So, even if you're aiming to be your most presentable, be sure to keep it

moderate to avoid hurting your skin in the long run.

（

1< /p>

）

According to the passage, why do most people shower daily?

A. To meet health need. B. To wash off dirt.

C. To add to attraction.

D. To get relaxation.

（

2

）

Which of the following people might be advised to shower once or twice a week?

A. Office staff

B. Car maintainer

C. Building workers

D. Gym-goers

（

3

）

The

underlined

phrase

“light

showers”

in

Para

.

4

refers

to

the

showers

in

which

________.

A. bright lights are equipped B. a little soaping is involved

C. gentle skin touches are allowed D. less hot water is used

（< /p>

4

）

What is the best title for the text?

A. Showering Daily Becomes a Custom

B. Daily Shower Does No Good to You

C. Protect Your Skin When Showering D. You Probably Needn't Shower Daily

【答案】

（

1

）

C