英语阅读理解专题练习(及答案)及解析
-
英语阅读理解专题练习
(
及答案
)
及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1
．
阅读理解
To eat only a
vegan
（素食的）
diet might sound
difficult, especially with many popular dishes
containing meat or other animal
products. Yet in 2017, veganism was described as
“the fastest
-
growing
lifestyle movement” i
n the UK,
according to BBC news.
A
study
by
a
UK
market
research
organization,
suggests
that
over
542,000
Brits
went
vegan
during the previous decade, an increase
of 360%. And the main force behind this increase
was
those aged 15-34 years old
—
42% of recent vegans fall
under that age range.
So
why exactly has veganism become so popular among
young Brits?
One reason
could be that many young people want to protect
the environment, as less meat
consumption
is
known
to
be
beneficial
to
the
environment.
Global
meat
manufacturing
is
believed to cause 18% of
the world's greenhouse gas
emissions
（排放）
, even more
than that of
all the world's cars,
trains and planes combined. Another reason is that
many of today's young
people believe
that it's wrong to kill animals to be used as
food.
Jess Murray, 22, a
student at University College London, said that he
chose to become vegan
after realizing
that eating animals is a choice that people make,
rather than something that we
need to
do to survive. “Becoming vegan was an
ethica
l (
道德的
)
decision,” he told the Guardian.
Social media is also believed to
have given rise to the increase in veganism.
Platforms such as
Facebook
allow
young
vegans
to
connect
with
each
other
much
easier,
while
others
such
as
Instagram have led to the
creation of “vegan celebrities
(
名人
)”, who share lips on
vegan lifestyles.
Despite the rising of veganism, Laura Wyness, an
expert in diet and nutrition, said that meat is
very important for people's health. “A
strict vegan diet makes it difficult to
ge
t some minerals and
vitamins that your body needs,” Wyness
told BBC news.
However,
the
popularity
of
veganism
doesn't
seem
to
be
fading.
“It
feels
more
like
this
is
something
that
is
sticking
.”
said
an
expert
of
the
Vegan
Society,
a
UK
charity
that
pro
motes
veganism.
（
1
）
What can we learn
about veganism, “the
fastest
-
growing lifestyle
movement” in UK?
A. It has created many popular dishes.
B. It is backed up mainly by old
people.
C. It has led to
further market research.
D.
It has grown steeply in the past 10
years.
（
2
）
The
following may account for the increase in veganism
EXCEPT .
A. Young people prefer an environment-
friendly life.
B. Young people
want to become ethical
celebrities.
C.
Meal manufacturing contributes a lot to the
world's greenhouse gas.
D.
Social media allow
the vegan message to
spread quickly around.
（
3
）
The
underlined word “sticking” in the Iasi paragraph
is equal to
in meaning.
A. important
B. special
C. lasting
D. impressive
（
4
）
Which of the
following will serve as the best title of the
passage?
A.
Young Brits Going Vegan
B. Veganism Comes First
C. How to Start a Vegan Lifestyle
D. Veganism and the Environment
【答案】
（
1
）
D
（
2
< br>）
B
（
3
）
C
（
4
）
A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，研究表明，过去的十年里素食主义在英国增长迅
猛。这一增长的主要力量是那些年龄在
15-34
岁之间的年轻人。其原因可能是由于肉类加
工排放的热量大过世界上所有的汽车，火车和飞机的总和，他们认为杀死动物用作食物是
不对，年轻人想要保护环境。另外社会媒体的参与也导致了年轻的素食者的增加。
(1)
考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“A
study
by
a
UK
market
research
organization,
suggests
that over 542,000
Brits went vegan during the previous decade, an
increase of 360%.”
可知，英
国市场研究表
明，在过去的十年里，素食主义者的人数增长了
360%
，增长
迅猛。
”
故选
D
。
(2)
考查细节理解。根据第
五段中的
“Becoming
vegan was an
ethical (
道德的
) decision,”
他们认
为素食是道德上的决定，及第六段可知，社交媒体也被认为导致了
素食主义的增加的原因
之一，因而出现了一些所谓的素食名人来分享他们的生活方式，可
知素食主义者的增加不
是因为他们想成为道德名人，而是分享素食主义让他们成为
“
名人
”
，这不是素
质快速发展
的原因，因此选
B
。
(3)
考查词义猜测。根据第六段中的
“ the popularity of veganism doesn't seem
to be fading. ‘It
feels more
like this is something that is
sticking.’”
根据转折连词
however
可知，前后两句意义
是相反的。前面说
“
素食主义的流行似乎并没有消退
”
，因此可
推断出后一句是反而会持续
下去。故
sticking
意为
”
持续
”
，可知，
lasting“
< br>持久的，持续的
”
符合题意，故选
C
。
(4)
考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述过去的十年里素食主义在英国增长迅猛。
这一增长的主要力量是那些年龄在
15-34
岁之间。素食主义
在英国的年轻人中非常流行的
原因可能是年轻人想要保护环境，社会媒体的参与也导致了
素食者的增加。故选
A
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象< p>
类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，< p>
推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2
．
阅读理解
A
new
study
suggests
a
link
between
exposure
to
greenery
and
reduced
desires
for
alcohol
cigarette and junk food.
The study is the first to
investigate the possible relationships between
exposure to nature and
desires and
negative emotions. Researchers at the University
of Plymouth's School of Psychology
surveyed 149 respondents
(
应答者
) aged 21 o 65 about the
proportion(
比例
)of green
space in
their neighborhood, the
presence of green views from their home, their
access to a garden and
how often they
use public green space. The study also asked
questions about experiences with
depression
and
anxiety,
as
well
as
desires
for
things
like
caffeine,
alcohol
and
nicotine.
Participants rated the intensity(
强度
), imagery, and
intrusiveness(
侵扰性
) of their
desires on an
11-point
scale.
Researchers
found
the
presence
of
visible
green
space
contributed
to
decreased
desires
for
junk
food. The effect was particularly noticeable when
more than 25 percent of a respondent's
view was greenery.
Previous
scholarship(
学术研究
) has dealt
mostly with exercise in nature: A 2015 study out
of
the
University
of
Michigan
found
90-
minute
group
nature
walks
were
effective
at
combatting
depression and
relieving other mood disorders. But for people who
struggle with accessibility or
don't
have time for a 90-minute walk, this new study
suggests just looking out a window at a tree
can help fight off a bad
habit.
being,
with desires from
simply being able to see green space adds a new
dimension to the previous
research.
A
2018
study
from
Denmark's
Aarhus
University
for
example,
found
that.
Having
access
to
green
space
throughout
childhood
decreased
a
person's
risk
of
developing
mental
health
problems as an
adult.
（
1
< br>）
What does the second paragraph
mainly talk about?
results of the new study.
purpose of the new study.
significance of the new
study.
content of the new
study.
（
2
< br>）
What does the underlined word
ng.
ping.
tanding.
aging
（
3
）
According to the passage,
the new study _____.
referred to exercise in
nature
enriched the
previous research to some degree
carried out by the University of
Michigan
exposure to
greenery helped cure mental problems
（
4
）
n
which section of a newspaper may this passage
appear?
ainment
ss
World
&Science
nment
【答案】
（
1
）
D
（<
/p>
2
）
A
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了一项新的研究成果
---
多看绿色植物和吃垃圾
食品这两者看似风马牛不相及，可研究结构却表明它们之间存在着一种奇妙的关系：多看
绿色植物能帮助人们克制吃垃圾食品的欲望。
（
1
）考查
段落大意。根据第二段中的
“Researchers
…surveyed 149 respondents aged 21 o 65
about the proportion of green space in
their neighborhood…”
研究人员调查了年龄在
21~65
岁
之间的
149
名参与者小区内的绿植比例
……
；以及
“Th
e
study
also
asked
questions
about
experiences
with
depression
and
an
xiety…”
研究中还问了与抑郁及焦虑有关的问题
……
等可
知，第二段主要介绍了新研究的调查内容，故选
D
。
（
2
）考查词义猜测。根据常识可知，在大自然中散步对人
体有各种各样的好处，再结合
句中出现的
“relieving
other
mood
disord
ers(
缓解其他情绪紊乱
)”
不难推
断出，
combatting
de
pression
应表示
“
减轻抑郁<
/p>
”
。故选
A
。<
/p>
（
3
）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的
“…adds
a
new
dimension(
方面
)
to
the
previous <
/p>
research”
为以前的研究增加了新的方面，可知，新的研
究在某种程度上丰富了之前的研究
成果。故选
B
。
（
4
）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一项科学研究的研究成果，所以该文
章
最有可能出现在
“
技术与科学
”
版块。故选
C
。<
/p>
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词
义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一
篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节
信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行
分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出
正确答案。
3
．
阅读理解
Spanish Language & Culture
Program
While improving
your language skills, you can learn about Spanish
culture. With the help, of
courses in
art, tourism, cinema and more....taught in
Spanish.
Place:
Alicante. Spain
Price: $$
3.495
Dates:
Program: from May 5th. 2019 to June
1st, 2019
Application:
by March 1st, 2019Withdrawal: before April
1st.2019
Application:
Complete
application
GPA:not less
than 2.5.
$$ 95 online
application fee
Education completed: high school
graduate
Program
Details
You'll take 1
language course and 1 culture course. language
courses meet for 60class hours/ 4
credits(
学分
).
While
culture
courses
meet
for
20
hours/1
credit.
Language
and
culture
courses
meet daily. Monday-
Friday. Active learning of your courses may be
scheduled for Fridays.
Before
you
leave
for
Alicante,
you
will
choose
your
preferred
courses
and
take
a
language
placement
exam.
You'll
be
admitted
to
courses
based on
their
availability.
So
it
is
in
your
best
interest to have your home university
agree with many courses before you set off for
Alicante. To
make sure that you receive
the credit for the language level that is fit for
you, have your home
university
pre-agree
with
courses
at
several
levels
before
you
leave
for
Spain.
Please
ask
your
advisor
at your home university about credit
guidelines.
Where You'll
Study and Stay
Lying on
one of Spain's most. attractive campuses, the
University of Alicante allows you to take
part in classes and activities: with
Spanish and other international can choose CEA
housing or prepare your own independent
housing. CEA housing will make every effort to
match
your housing requests.
（
1
）
Whe
n can you take back your application?
June 1st. 2019.
April 1st .2019.
May 5th, 2019.
March 5
th
, 2019.
（
2
）
Wha
t can we learn about this program?
of the courses costs
$$95.
school freshmen can
apply for it.
ts can get 5
credits after finishing the program.
learning courses should be booked
ahead of time.
（
3
）
What should you do before
leaving for Alicante?
as many credits as
possible.
e many choices of
courses.
e your
communication skill.
your
chosen courses at your home university.
【答案】
（
1
）
B
（<
/p>
2
）
C
（
3
）
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文
，介绍了一个学习西班牙语和西班牙文化的项目。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据
Dates
部分中的
“Withdrawal:
by
April1st,
2019
”
可知，在
2019
年
4
月
1
日之前可以撤回对这一
项目的申请，故选
B
。
（
2
）考查
细节理解。根据
Program
Details
部分中的
“You'll
take
1
language
course
and
1
culture
course. language courses meet for 60class hours/ 4
credits(
学分
). While culture
courses
meet
for
20
hours/1
credit
.”
你将会有一门语言课，一门文化课程。语言课程上
60
个小时，
获得
4
学
分。文化课程上
20
个小时，获得
1<
/p>
学分。可知，该项目结课时，学生一共可获
得
5
个学分。故选
C
。
（
3
< br>）考查推理判断。根据
Program Details
部分中的
“So it is in your best
interest to have your
home university
agree with many courses before you set off for Ali
cante.”
最好是在你去
Alicante
之前，让你现在所在的大学同意你可选多种多样的课，可知，该项目不能保证你一定能选
到你想上的课程，所以应该在前往
Alicante
之
前准备好多种课程选择。故选
B
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，
是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出
正确答案。
4
．
阅读理解
On
a
college
camping
trip,
curiosity
about
waves
and
sand
caused
Rob
Thieler
to
study
shorelines
around
the
world.
Thirty
years
later
and
now
a
U.S.
Geological
Survey
research
geologist, Thieler,
is combining science and smartphone technology to
help study an endangered
bird, the
Atlantic Coast piping plover.
The
piping
plover
is
a
shorebird
that
breeds
（繁殖）
along
the
Atlantic
Coast,
the
Great
Lakesand the Great Plains. Rising sea
levels associated with climate change, as well as
increased
development
in
their
beach
habitats
（栖息地）
,
threaten
the
species
（物种）
.
To
help
track
changes in piping plover habitats,
Thieler developed a free app called iPlover in
2012. This is a
marked change from the
typical way scientists collect data, which
involves gathering information
using
specialized equipment or writing in notebooks and
then putting into spreadsheets.
Since
releasing
iPlover,
scientists
have
gathered
data
across
1500
km
of
breeding
range.
Thatequals about a
third of the distance across the U.S., which is a
large area to cover for only
two
thousand breeding pairs of piping plovers on the
east coast. Instead of having to travel and
spend days at each site, a number of
cooperators in the field use the app to collect
and send data,
allowing scientists to
gather data more efficiently. It also allows them
to collect data at the same
time during
each breeding season, providing a better picture
of changes that happen over longer
periods
of
time.
And
fast,
centralized
access means
scientists
can
look
at
data
quickly
to
get
a
real-time idea of where
and how piping plovers are using their
habitats.
While iPlover
is used by trained field staff, other apps like
the U. S. Geological Survey'sweb-
based
“iCoast—Did
the
Coast
Change?”
invite
citizen
scientists
to
identify
coastal
changes
by
comparing
bird's-eye-view
photographs
taken
before
and
after
storms.
All
the
information
scientists and
citizen scientists alike collect helps federal and
state agencies create policyplans for
addressing climate change impacts
(
影响
) worldwide.
（
1
）
What can we know about the piping plover?
A. Its behaviour is
changing. B. Its
habitat is growing bigger.
C. Its living environment is becoming
worse.
D. Its breeding is
limited to the Atlantic Coast.
（
2
）
Why
did Thieler develop iPlover?
A. To study shorelines
across America. B. To advance
information technology.
C.
To find out global climate change.
D. To monitor changes of piping plover
habitats.
（
3
）
Which of the following benefits
the shorebirds?
A. The camping equipment.
B. Research on smartphones.
C. The changeable coast.
D. Progress in technology.
<
/p>
（
4
）
What
would be the best title of the text?
A. Protecting Endangered
Shorebirds B. Rob Thieler, a
Creative Scientist
C.
IPlover, Tool for Training Field Staff
D. Differences Between IPlover and
ICoast
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（
2
）
D
（
3
）
D
（
4
）
A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
。文章主要讲述了随着技术的进步，保护濒危的岸禽
鸟类的措施变得更加的有效。
（
1
）考查细节理
解题。根据文章第二段
Rising
sea
levels
associated
with
climate
change,
as
well
as increased development in their beach
habitats
（栖息地）
, threaten the
species
（物种）
可知，笛鸻的生存环境变得越来越糟了
。故答案选
C
。
（
2
）考查细节理解题。根据文章第二段
< br>To
help
track
changes
in
piping
plover
habitats,
Thieler developed a free app called
iPlover in 2012.
可知，发明
app
其目的是为了追踪笛鸻的
栖息地的改变。故答案选
D
。
（
3
）考查推理判断题。根据文章第三段
Instead
of
having
to
travel
and
spend
days
at
each
site, a number of cooperators in the
field use the app to collect and send data,
allowing scientists
to gather data more
efficiently.
可以推断出，技术的进步，使得科学家获得更有效的数据。故
答案选
D
。
（
4
）考查主旨大意题。根据文章大意
：文章主要讲述了随着技术的进步，保护濒危的岸禽
鸟类的措施变得更加的有效。故答案
选
A
。
【点评】
1.
要想做好科普英语阅读
理解题，同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章，学
习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇
，从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。
2.
要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题
(Head
line)
，导语
(Introduction)
，
背景
(Back
ground)
，主体
(Main <
/p>
body)
和结尾
(End)
五部分构成。标题是文章中心思想高度而
又精辟的概括，但根据历年的高考
情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题，而要同学
们选择标题。导语一般位于整篇文
章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概
括的事实进行详细叙述，这一部分
命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为
重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概
括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判
断题。
3.
在进行推理判断时，同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科
学事实为依据，同时所得出的
结论还应符合基本的科普常识。
5
．
阅读理解
Lately
a
popular
eight-floor
bookstore
in
Hefei,Anhui
province,has
risen
to
fame
because
it
becomes the world's first shared
bookstore,in a move meant to encourage more
reading among
Chinese
citizens.
It comes to
people's attention as more than 200,000 visitors
flooded the store on its first day as
a
shared
bookstore
on
July
16
this
year,a
record
high
since
it
was
reopened
to
the
public
in
4,000 books were brought
home on the first day, reported.
Customers
are
allowed
to
borrow
up
to
two
books
valued
under
150
yuan
per
visit
after
registering with an app and paying the
99 yuan deposit
fee
（押金）
.
All books on sale in the bookstore
are available for ed books that are damaged
are
sold
at
a
bookstore
also
provides
a
bonus
for
who
finish
reading 12 books in three months
receive eight percent of their deposit back,and
members can
be rewarded one yuan for
every book read.
helps run the bookstore,told
.
Some parents buy a lot
of books for their children,but they usually end
up collecting dust as
their
children
grow
rly,some
popular
novels
for
young
people
also
fall
out
of
fashion,according to Xu.
（
1
）
The
bookstore becomes a shared one .
A. to make more money
B. to make more room for new
books
C. to inspire more
people to read D. to
recommend new books
（
2
）
What does the
underlined phrase “risen to fame” in Paragraph 1
probably mean?
A. Become well-known.
B. Settled down.
C. Broken up.
D. Taken over.
（<
/p>
3
）
What can we
infer from the passage?
A. The bookstore was once the best in
Anhui province.
B. The books
that are sold here can't
be
borrowed.
C. More than 4,000
books were taken home on July 16 in 2013.
D. The cost of reading can be
reduced by sharing the
books.
（
4
< br>）
What does the bookstore do to
attract more readers?
A. The
bookstore encourages
parents
to
buy
more
books
for
their
children.
B. The readers
are allowed
to borrow the books unconditionally.
C. The
readers
who
are
members
can
receive
one
yuan
for
every
book
read.
D. The
bookstore is
considering offering a bonus for anyone who likes
reading.
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（
2
）
A
（
3
）
D
（
4
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报
道，最近，安徽省合肥一家受欢迎的八楼书店，由于
成为世界上第一家共享书店，因此鼓
励更多中国公民读书。本文以此展开，主要讲述了共
享书店的运营模式。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据
第一段中的
“in
a
move
meant
to
encourage
more
reading
among
Chinese citizens.”
可知这个书店成为一家
共享书店为了让更多的公民阅读。故选
C
。
（
2
）考查词义猜测。根据第一
段中
popular
一词，以及提到这家书店成为世界上第一家
共
享书店，可见这家书店应该
“
名声大
振
”
。
risen to fame<
/p>
译为
“
名声大振
”
。故选
A.
（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的
“
could
read
more
books,”
可推知，共享图书可以降低阅读成本，这样人们
可以更多的阅读。
故选
D
。
（
4
）考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的
“and
members
can
be
rewarded
one
yuan
for
every
book read.”
可知，所有的阅读者都可以得到每本书一元钱的奖励。故选
C
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题
型的考查，是一篇新闻报
道，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，
从而选出正确答案。
6
．
阅读理解
There's a song by the great
Jamaican singer Bob Marley called So Much Trouble
In The World.
Marley understood that
part of the reason why there are so many problems
in the world is the
lack of tolerance
between people. The UN understands this too ---
that's why it made Nov 16th
But first of all, what is
tolerance? According to French philosopher
Voltaire, tolerance
consequence
of
humanity.
We
are
all
formed
of
frailty
(
脆弱
)
and
error;
let
us
pardon
each
other's fool --- that is the first law
of nature.
Very often,
people don't realize that they're intolerant. This
is because intolerance has a lot to
do
with ignorance. For example, the UN's campaign is
in part about the treatment of females by
males.
But
often,
the
behavior
of
men
toward
women
is
intolerant
because
men
don't
put
themselves in the shoes
of women.
It's
worth
thinking
a
little
about
the
words
and
Are
they
the
best
words to
describe the evils of which we're speaking here?
To agree to be
isn't
necessarily
a
very
respectful
thing.
When
someone
is
tolerated,
it
implies
that
there's
something wrong with
them.
Still, what
Voltaire said stands: We humans are not perfect
and this weakness is something that
we
all
share.
That's
the
reason
we
should
be
tolerant.
It's
a
little
like
generosity.
We
can
give
things
to another person, and we can also give our
forgiveness.
（
1
）
What's the purpose of the UN
A. To arouse people's
awareness of tolerance among people. B.
To celebrate the founding of
the
UN.
C. To
solve
the
problem
of
global
warming.
D. To
change
peopled
opinion
towards
globalization.
（
2
）
Why
do men behave intolerantly towards women?
A. Because men don't
realize the purpose of the UN. B. Because
men are physically stronger
than
women.
C. Because
men
don't
appreciate
the
shoes
of
women.
D. Because
men
are
not
willing
to
understand women.
（
3
）
Why
is it meaningless to use the words
A. Because they are hard to pronounce
in English. B. Because they don't express
the exact
meaning people refer
to.
C. Because they can't be
translated into other languages. D.
Because they can't be used in a
respectful way.
（
4
）
In
what sense is
A. Humans are
advised to treat others better. B. Humans
leant to find faults in others.
C. Humans
need
to
give
something
to
others, D. Humans
will
change
their
attitudes
to
others.
【答案】
（
1
）
A
（
2
）
D
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了
国际宽容日
< br>，联合国
国际宽容日
的目的
是唤起人们对宽容的意识。
（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“Marley
understood
t
hat
part
of
the
reason
why
there
are so
many problems in the world is the lack of
tolerance between people. The UN understands
this too ---
that's why it
made Nov 16th 'International Day for Tolerance'.”<
/p>
可推断，世界上的人
们缺乏包容，因此联合国把
< br>11
月
16
日设置为
“
国际宽容日
”
是为了唤
起人们的包容意识。
故选
A
。
（
2
）考查推理判断
。根据第三段中的
“But
often,
the
behavior
of
men
toward
women
is
intolerant because men
don't put themselves in the shoes of women.”
可知，男性对女性不包容
是因为他们不愿意设身处地的为女性着想，不愿意理
解她们。故选
D
。
< br>（
3
）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的
“Are
they
the
best
words
to
describe
the
evils
of
which
we're
speaking
here?
To
agree
to
be
'tolerant'
of
someone
isn't
necessarily
a
very
respectful thing. When
someone is tolerated, it implies that there's
something wrong with them.”
可知，对某人宽容并不一定
是一件值得尊重的事情，某人如果被包容，就暗示着某人有问
题，因此推断使用
“
宽容
”
或者
“
不宽容
”
是没有意义
的，因为它们不能准确表达人们所指的
意思。故选
B
。
（
4
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“It's
a
little
like
generosity.
We
can
give
things
to
another person, and we
can also give our forgiveness.”
可推断，在我们给
与别人谅解时，宽容
有点像慷慨。故选
C
。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇文化
类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的
逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
7
．
阅读理解
Climbing Without Ropes
The popular image of the mountain
climber is of a person carefully climbing a steep
cliff with a
network
of
safety
ropes,
but
it
is
not
the
only
kind.
Many
climbers
now
enjoy
bouldering.
It's
more accessible and
better for the environment.
What is bouldering?
Bouldering is a sport that involves
climbing on, over, and around boulders up to
approximately
twenty feet above the
ground. Participants employ no safety
ropes.
Why
boulder?
•improve your
climbing skills by
focusing on
basics
Bouldering
Terms
•places
to
climb,
such
as
crimp: a very small
handhold
climbing
walls
at
gyms
and
foothold:
a
place
where
one
may
place
a
foot
to
aid
in
parks, easy to
find
•less
time
commitment
to
jug: a very large handhold that is easy
to use
bouldering
than
to
mountain
problem:
The
path
up
a
boulder
is
referred
to
as
the
climbing
•intellectual
enjoyment
problems
and
as
one
solves
“problem”
that
one
must
solve.
The
“solution”
is
the
physical
sequence of moves one makes up and over
a boulder.
climbing
boulder
Here
is an example of a climber addressing a bouldering
problem.
Figure 1: The
climber has two routes she could take, one to the
left and one to the right. The
left
one
appears
easier
because
it
has
a
jug
within
easy
reach,
but
look
what
happens
if
she
chooses that direction.
She gets stuck on the rock and has to go back
down. Sometimes that is
even difficult
than going up.
Figure 2:
The climber takes the one to the right this time.
using a foothold and placing her right
hand in a crimp, she is able to life
herself up and locate other handholds. After only
a few moves,
she is able to throw her
leg over the top of the boulder and pull herself
up.
（
1
）
According to the passage,
bouldering ________.
A. is an indoor sport
B. has no safety protection
C. needs maps and equipment
D. is a steep cliff climbing
（
2
）
Bouldering
becomes popular because ________.
A. it challenges the limits
B. it costs less
C. it
builds minds and bodies
D. it is a team game
（
3
）
According
to the example, the right route is ________.
A. a shortcut
B. a dead end
C. tough but to the top
D. lined with jugs
【答案】
（
1
）
< br>B
（
2
）
C
（
3
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文
，介绍没有安全绳的攀岩运动。登山者的流行形象是
用一根安全绳，一个人小心翼翼地爬
上陡峭的悬崖，但这并不是唯一的一种。许多登山者
现在都喜欢抱石。它更容易接近，也
更适合环境。
(1)
考查细节理解。根据
What
is
bouldering?
部分中的
“Participants
employ no safety ropes.”
可
知，<
/p>
bouldering
没有安全感。故选
B
。
(2)
考查细节理解。根据
Why <
/p>
boulder?
部分中的
“impro
ve
your
climbing
skills
by
focusing
on
basics
places
to
climb,
such
as
climbing
walls
at
gyms
and
parks,
easy
to
find
less
time
commitment to bouldering than to
mountain climbing intellectual and physical
enjoyment as one
solves
prob
lems”
可知，
Bouldering
变得受欢迎是因为它建立了精神和身体上的快乐。故选
C
。<
/p>
(3)
考查细节理解。根据
“Figure
2
：
The
climber
takes
the
one
to
the
right
this
time.
using
a
foothold
and
placing
her
right
hand
in
a
crimp,
she
is
able
to
life
herself
up
and
locate
other
handholds. After only a few moves, she
is able to throw her leg over the top of the
boulder and
pull herself up.”
可知，根据这个例子，右边的路线是艰难的，但能达到顶峰。故选
C
< br>。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇
介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节
信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。
8
．
阅读理解
Recent summer temperatures in parts
of Australia were high enough to melt asphalt. As
global
warming speeds up the heat and
climatic events increase, many plants may be
unable to cope.
But at least one
species of eucalyptus tree can resist extreme heat
by continuing to “sweat” when
other
essential processes stop, a new study
finds.
As
plants
change
sunlight
into
food,
or
photosynthesize
(
光合作用
),
they
absorb
carbon
dioxide
through
pores
on
their
leaves.
These
pores
also
release
water
via
transpiration(
蒸腾
)
,
which
circulates
nutrients
through
the
plant
and
helps
cool
it
by
evaporation(
蒸发
).
But
exceptionally high
temperatures are known to greatly reduce
photosynthesis
—
and most
existing
plant
models
suggest
this
should
also
decrease
transpiration,
leaving
trees
in
danger
of
fatally
overheating.
Because
it
is
difficult
for
scientists
to
control
and
vary
trees'
conditions
in
their
natural
environment, little is known about how individual
species handle this situation.
Ecologist
John
Drake
of
the
S.U.N.Y.
College
of
Environmental
Science
and
Forestry
and
his
colleagues grew a dozen
Parramatta red gum (Eucalyptus parramattensis)
trees in large, climate-
controlled
plastic
pods
that
separated
the
trees
from
the
surrounding
forest
for
a
year
in
Richmond,
Australia.
Six
of
the
trees
were
grown
at
surrounding
air
temperatures
and
six
at
temperatures
three
degrees
Celsius
higher.
The
researchers
withheld
(
扣留
)
water
from
the
surface
soil
of
all
12
trees
for
a
month
to
imitate
a
mild
dry
spell,
then
induced
a
four-day
“extreme” heat
wave: They raised the maximum temperatures in half
of the pods
（
three with
surrounding temperatures and three of
the warmer ones
）
—
to 44 degrees
℃
.
Photosynthesis
ground
to
a
near
halt
in
the
trees
facing
the
artificial
heat
wave.
But
to
the
researchers'
surprise,
these
trees
continued
to
transpire
at
close-to-normal
levels,
effectively
cooling
themselves and their surroundings. The trees grown
in warmer conditions coped just as
well
as the others, and photosynthesis rates bounced
back to normal after the heat wave passed,
Drake and his colleagues reported
online in Global Change Biology.
The researchers think the
Parramatta red gums were able to effectively sweat
—
even without
photosynthesis
—
because they are particularly good at tapping into
water deep in the soil. But if
a heat
wave and a severe drought
(
干旱
) were to hit at the same
time and the groundwater was
exhausted,
the trees may not be so lucky, Drake
says.
Other
scientists call the finding encouraging. “It's
definitely good news,” says Trevor Keenan,
a
n
ecologist at Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, who was not part of
the study. “It would be
very
interesting to know how this translates to other
species,” he adds. Drake hopes to conduct
similar experiments with trees common
in North America.
（
1
）
How
does one species of eucalyptus tree cope with
extreme heat waves?
A. By releasing water.
B. By blocking sunlight.
C.
By absorbing groundwater.
D. By reducing photosynthesis.
< br>（
2
）
What did
the researchers do during their study?
A. They grew all the trees
in artificial temperatures.
B.
They induced a heat wave in a dozen
pods of trees.
C.
They created climate-controlled surroundings for
trees.
D. They varied trees'
conditions in
their natural
environment.
（
3
）
The
underlined phrase “ground to a near halt” in
Paragraph 4 means “________”.
A. continued
B. substituted C.
strengthened D.
ceased
（
4
< br>）
What can be inferred from the last
two paragraphs?
A. Photosynthesis is necessary for the
trees to sweat.
B. No further
experiments will be done
other
species.
C. Other
species
will
be
transplanted
to
North
America.
D. Groundwater
helps
the
trees
survive
the extreme heat.
【答案】
（
1
）
A
< br>
（
2
）
C
（
3
）
D
（
4
）
D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，联合国环境科学与林业学院的生态学家
John
Drake
和他的同事们通过对红桉树做实验，得出结论：在极度的高温中，红桉树仍然可以通过释
放水分来抵抗热浪，获得生存。
(1
)
考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“But
at
least
one
species
of
eucalyptus
tree
can
resist
extreme
heat
by
continuing
to
'sw
eat’”
可知，桉树通过
“
流汗
”
，即释放水分来抵抗极度的
热，故选
A
。
(2)
考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“Ecologist
John
Drake…
and
his
colleagues
grew
a
dozen
Parramatta
red
gum
…
trees
in
large,
climate
-controlled
plastic
pods
that
separated
the
trees
from the
surro
unding forest for a year in
Richmond, Australia.”
可知，研究者们将
12
棵红桉树
种植在巨大的，气候受控制的塑料舱里，这种塑
料仓将这些树和周围的森林分离开来。可
知，研究者们为这些树创造了一个气候受控制的
生长环境，故选
C
。
(3)
考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的
“But
exceptionally high temperatures are known to
greatly
reduce
photosynthesi
s”
可知，极度的高温会减少光合作用。由第四段后面的内容可知，令
< br>研究者们惊讶的是，面对着人工制造出来的热浪，这些树继续以接近正常的水平蒸发，有
< br>效地使自己和周围的环境凉爽下来。结合这两点可以推知，面对人工制造出来的热浪，光
< br>合作用应该是大大减少，但这并没有影响树木的蒸发。划线部分意思应当接近于
“
大大减
少，降低
”
这一类的意思
cease
意为
“<
/p>
停止
”
，故选
D
。
(4)
考
查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的
“The researchers think
the Parramatta red gums were
able to
effectively sweat
—
even
without photosynthesis
—
because they are particularly good at
tapping into water deep in the soil.
But if a heat wave and a severe drought
（干旱）
were to hit
at the same time and the groundwater
was exhausted, the trees may not be so lucky,
Drake says.”
可知，这些树擅长吸取地下水，如果热浪干旱同时发生，地下
水枯竭的话，那么这些树生
存的可能性就比较小了。由此可以推知，地下水帮助这些树存
活下来。故选
D
。
< br>【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅
< br>读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出
< br>正确答案。
9
．
阅读理解
America
is
well
known
for
being
a
melting
pot
of
different
ethnic
groups
and
cultures,
but
nowhere is this diversity more
pronounced than in Queens, New York.
Here,
second-
generation
Puerto
Ricans
live
alongside
third-generation
Greeks
and
first-
generation Koreans,
all united by a common feeling of pride in their
American identity. However,
they are
also proud and curious about their ancestral
roots. National Geographic's Genographic
Project,
also known
as
the Human
Family Tree,
set
out
to
trace
the
origins by examining
their
genetic
makeup
using
a
simple
DNA
test.
What
interested
them
more
was
something
that
intrigues us all: the history of our
recent ancestry. One recurring theme among
immigrants seems
to be the hard work
and sacrifices that went into building a new life,
and how their descendants
now feel a
duty to honor that effort by working hard too.
Here is one Queens resident's story.
Richard, 38
My great-grandfather Tomas came to America from
Poland when he was fifteen. His mother
had died, and his father remarried.
Tomas didn't like his stepmother, so he ran away
to Belgium,
where he boarded a ship to
America
—
without a ticket.
Arriving in America with nothing, he got a
job on the railroads in California.
Then one day he saw an announcement in a newspaper
that
was read by immigrants. It was
from his brother in New York who was also seeking
his fortune in
America and was looking
for him. Tomas got in touch and they had an
emotional reunion in New
York, where
Tomas subsequently settled. This is the story that
my grandmother has passed down
to us,
to my parents, and all my aunts and uncles. She is
an amazing woman and I suppose: the
one
who
holds
us
all
together.
She's
actually
quite
forgetful
now,
but
she
never
forgets
family
details. What that
has meant is that all of us have a strong family
bond and a strong sense of
belonging to
a group that has struggled and fought together to
steered here.
（
1<
/p>
）
What is special about
Queens?
A.
Conflicting ethnic minorities live
here.
B. Many foreigners
like to travel to this place.
C. The pronunciation varies from person
to person.
D. Many different
people and cultures are gathering here.
（
2
）
Wha
t does the
A. A sad
experience.
B. A common subject.
C. An unknown topic.
D. An unusual quality.
（
3
）
Which of
the following can best describe Tomas?
A. Brave and independent.
B. Tough and honest.
C. Talented and persistent.
D. Kind and hard-working.
（<
/p>
4
）
What can we know
about the immigrants from the text?
A. They are ashamed of
their roots.
B. They feel
attached to their family.
C.
They can't fit in with the new
surroundings.
D. They are
less interested in recent generations.
【答案】
（
1
）
D
（<
/p>
2
）
B
（
3
）
A
（
4
）
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹
议文，美国是一个种族和文化的大熔炉，尽管移民在
美国生活了几代，但他们仍对自己的
祖辈感到骄傲和好奇。祖辈的努力和牺牲让他们有强
烈的家庭归属感，也激励着他们更加
努力。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“America
is
well
known
for
being
a
melting
pot
of
different
ethnic
groups
and
cultures,
but
nowhere
is
this
diversity
more
pronounced
than
in
Queens,
New
York.”
可知，美国是不同种族和文化的大熔炉，但这种多样性
在纽约的皇后区
最为明显，即：皇后区汇集了不同种族的人和文化。故选
D
。
（
2
）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的
“One
recurring
theme
among
immigrants
seems
to
be
the hard work and sacrifices that went
into building a new life, and how their
descendants now
feel a duty to honor
that effort by work
ing hard too.”
移民中
……
似乎是为了建立新生活他们所
付出的努力和牺牲，以及他们的后代应该感到有责任通过努力工作来纪念他们的努力。联< p>
系上下文，可知这是很多移民谈到的话题，故推测划线部分的意思是
“
一个共同的主题
”
。
故选
B
。
（
3
）考查
推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“so he ran away to
Belgium, where he boarded a ship
to
America
—
without a ticket.
Arriving in America with nothing, he got a job on
the railroads in
California.”
可知
Tomas
没有买票一个人坐上了到美国的轮船，到了美
国后身无分文在火车
站找了一份工作，这些体现了
Tomas<
/p>
的勇敢和独立。故选
A
。
（
4
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“What
interested
them
more
was
something
that
intrigues us all: the history of our
recent
ancestry.”
和最后一段中的
“She's
actually quite for
getful
now,
but
she
never
forgets
family
details.
What
that
has
meant
is
that
all
of
us
have
a
strong
family bond and a strong sense of
belonging to a group that has struggled and fought
together to
steered
here.”
可知美国移民对他们祖辈的历史更感兴趣；
Richard
的祖母忘不了家庭细节意
味着他们有强烈的家庭纽带和归属感，即这些移
民看重家庭以及对家庭的依恋。故选
B
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三
个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟
类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行
逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
1
0
．
阅读理解
Destination Travels
78 Soho St,
New
York, NY
Dear Ms
Pierce,
Thank you for
trusting Destination Travels for your honeymoon
plans. This letter includes all
the
information regarding the flights and
accommodation arrangements we have already agreed
on.
Date
Flight
No.
Place/Time
Depart
Place/Time
Arrive
August 6
UA 674
New York,
JFK 6:30 AM
Puerto Rico Int.
Airport 9:00AM
August
15
UA 673
Puerto Rico Int. Airport 1:00
PM
New York, JFK 3:30
PM
On arriving at Puerto
Rico Int, Airport, a representative of The
Caribbean Hotels &Resorts will
be
waiting for you in order to transfer you to the
hotel. The transfer to and from the airport is
offered by the hotel as part of your
honeymoon package. The reservation has been made
for a
nine-night
stay
under
your
future
husband's
last
name.
The
price
of
the
newlyweds'
suite
includes breakfast and
one more meal at the hotel restaurant. You can
also use all of the hotel
facilities
—
pool,
gym, sauna, etc. for free as part of your
honeymoon package. In addition, you can
take scuba diving or snorkeling classes
with the hotels trained staff at a reduced
price
—
40% off.
Thank you for choosing Destination
Travels. We guarantee your honeymoon with us will
be an
unforgettable experience.
To
aid
us
in
improving
our
service,
please
visit
our
website
at
www.
and complete the
questionnaire.
Destination Travels wish you all the
best.
Sincerely.
Rebecca Simms
Customer Service Manager
Destination Travels
< br>（
1
）
After
arriving at Puerto Rico Int, Airport, the couple
can get directions from ________.
A. a Destination Travels
Manager' B. an official of
New York City Hall
C. a
tourist information desk
D. a hotel worker
（
2
）
What service is offered
by the hotel at no extra cost to the newlywed
couple?
A. The
snorkeling classes.
B. The airport express
service.
C. A one-night
stay.
D. The air tickets.
（
3
）
What does the customer
service manager ask Ms Pierce to do?
A. Call the service
department. B. Complete
the order form.
C. Scan the
website to find information.
D. Fill out the customer satisfaction
survey.
【答案】
（
1
）
D
（
2
）
B
< br>
（
3
）
D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文
，是酒店客服经理写给皮尔斯的一封信。信中告知了
所乘坐的航班和住宿安排的所有信息
，感谢了皮尔斯的到来并请他填写问卷调查表。
(1)
考查细节理解。根据表格后的内容
“On arriving at
Puerto Rico Int, Airport, a representative
of The Caribbean Hotels &Resorts will
be waiting for you in order to transfer
you to the hotel.”
可
知，一到达
Puerto
Rico
Int,
，就会有酒店与度
假村的代表（
Representative
）即工作人员
（
worker
）在等你以便将您送到酒店
。也就是这对夫妇得到酒店的工作人员的指引，故选
D
。
(2)
考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“The transfer to and from the airport is
offered by the hotel
as part of your
h
oneymoon package.”
可知，机场来回的换
乘车是酒店蜜月套餐的一部分，不
用再有额外的花费，故选
B<
/p>
。
(3)
考查
细节理解。根据
“please visit our website at
www. and complete