毕业论文范文(英文版)
峨眉天下秀的下一句-
Economic accounting of resources
environment and revise to GDP
NO.:070008074
Name: Chen Xiaoyan
Class:
Grade 07 (02)
Subject: Business English
Director: YU HUILAN
QUANZHOU INFORMATION COLLEGE
April 2, 2010
1
Catalogue
Abstract
…………………………………………………………………3
Introduction
……………………………………………………………4
Body
………………………………………
…………………………
....4
1.
Accounting area of resources environment
…………………
............5
2.
Material index of resources environment
accounting………
.............5
3. Value index of resources environment
accounting…………
.............6
4. Value accounting of resources
environment…………………
..........7
5. Resources environmental factors on
the revised GDP……
...............7
Conclusion
……………………………………………………………
.
8
Reference
……………
…………………………………………………
9
2
Economic accounting of resources
environment and revise to GDP
【
Abstract
】
Current GDP is
criticized because of not reflect the negative
impact that brought from
depletion and
deterioration of resources environment to national
economy sustainable
development.
Revised basic idea is: To national accounts as a
starting point, use the
effect of
economic process to use the environment resources
as the input of economic
output and be
accounted, finally find GDP that after adjusting
for economic resources
environment, the
green GDP.
【
Key
Words
】
GDP, the
green GDP, value index of resources environment
accounting, revise
GDP
has been advocated by Keynes generation master of
economics, it thought
useful
basis
for
reflect
the
supply,
demand,
unemployment
and
other
issues
in
the
economic
order,
is
the
most
important
indicator
that
measure
if
the
country
is
progressive
and
the
degree
of
progress.
However,
since
70s,
with
the
sharply
increasing
of
population,
consumption
of
natural
resources
and
increasing
environmental
damage,
there
is
growing
recognition
that
traditional
GDP
index
system
can’t Accurately reflect a country's economic,
social and cultural progress and
sustainable development level of
ability, because it does not account for the
negative
economic
impact
of
sustainable
development
by
deforestation,
environmental
pollution,
soil
erosion,
resource
depletion
and
destruction
of
the
ozone
layer.
Not
reflect
the
potential
cost,
potential
benefits
and
eco-social,
Unable
to
handle
the
demographic, economic,
social, environment and resource coordination
problem, on
the contrary, unlimited
consumption on the environment become a powerful
booster
and source of power of GDP.
This is contrary to the sustainable development
theory.
So active in the resource
environment and economic accounting, serious
depletion of
resources and protection
of the environment's impact on GDP, Improve this
important
indicator of the GDP of great
significance.
This
study
is
only
upholding
the
premise
of
sustainable
development,
with
GDP but was directly
related to the current GDP ignores the value of
those resources
and
environment
accounting
and
with
the
intrinsic
link
between
GDP.
In
order
to
facilitate
the
collection
of
information
and
relatively
accurately
calculated,
we
will
account for the content
of natural and environmental resources are divided
into nine
categories,
namely
mining
and
energy
resources,
land
resources,
water
resources,
forest resources,
marine resources, grassland resources, wildlife
resources, renewable
3
resources
and
environmental
resources,
accounting
again
on
this
basis
the
cost
of
depletion
of
resources
and
the
environment,
resources,
environment,
loss
cost,
resources and
environment restoration costs and the cost of
renewable resources and
environmental
protection
costs,
resources
and
environment
of
the
replacement
cost
and
opportunity
cost,
and
improve
the
income,
resources
and
environment
(green
income), which
constitute the six indicators should directly
adjust the value of GDP
accounting
system.
i. Material index of resources
environment accounting
1).
Mineral
energy
resources.
Main
indicators:
the
amount
of
mineral
energy
resources, savings,
extraction volume and the volume of waste
generated.
2)Land resources. Main
indicators: the number of depletion of arable
land, land mass
index, desertification
and soil erosion index.
3)Water. Main
indicators: available surface and underground
fresh water reserves in
the
depletion
of
the
number
of
declining
water
quality
of
freshwater
resources,
pollution and the degree of flooding.
4). Forest resources. Key indicators
are: forest area, forest harvest and harvest
density,
forest disaster area.
5). Marine resources. Main indicators:
coastal water quality, water pollution and the
decline in the number of coastal
biological resources.
6).
Grassland
resources.
Key
indicators
are:
grassland,
grassland
depletion
volume,
lawn mass index,
grassland degradation (particularly
desertification and alkalization)
the
number of affected grass area.
ii. The
value index of resources environment accounting
Loss of material resources and the
environment (or improvement) can be carried out
only through the summary reflects the
accounting value, and enter the GDP system,
and then make the appropriate amendment
to the GDP. Resources and environmental
accounting of the value index system
includes the following six areas:
(1)
Depletion of
resources and environmental costs. Is the result
of production and
consumption
of
life
and
nature's
own
erosion,
resulting
in
the
total
material
resources and
environmental depletion, depletion of the value of
these amounts
to
reflect
the
cost
depletion.
Of
the
depletion
cost
accounting,
the
first
nine
substances should be the targets and
indicators relevant statistics of detail (such
as
mineral
energy
resources
can
refer
to
the
statistical
classification
standard
developed
by
the
Ministry
of
Geology
and
Mineral,
etc.),
then
according
to
statistics of the results account for
the stock of resources and the environment,
usage and volume depletion, and the
corresponding Value.
(2)
The loss of resources and environment
costs. That is, the cost of environmental
degradation
of
resources
(Degradation
Cost),
is
the
result
of
irrational
consumption on
the environment or the lack of effective
protection measures and
human resources
and the environment because of the pollution and
damage to the
deterioration
of
environmental
quality
of
resources
(down),
while
their
sustainable development and caused
direct economic losses and potential losses.
4