知识主要有7种：to be句型、there be句型、一般现在时句型
-
三年级起点的人教版
PEP
教材在小学阶段共有
8
册书，
其涉及的重要语法知识主要有
7
种：
to
be
句型、
there be
句型、一
般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去时句型、情态动词
can
引导的句型、
be going to
句型等。现以
5
——
8
册书为例，
简要分析如下：
[
一
]
to
be
句型：用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、
家庭成员、朋友、职
业等，描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等，该句型广泛分布于
各册教材中，其中
5
—
—
8
册的句型主要有：
1.
Who’s your English teacher?
Mr. Carter.
2. What’s he like?
He’s tall and
strong.
3. Is she quiet? No,
she isn’t.
She is very
active.
4. Is she strict?
Yes, she is, but she’s very
kind.
5. What day is it
today? It’s Wednesday.
6.
What’s your favourite fruit/food…?
7. They’re sweet/ sour/ salty/
healthy/…
8. When is your
birthday? It’s in May.
9. My
birthday is in June.
Uncle
Bill’s birthday is in June, too.
10. Is her birthday in June?
Yes, it is.
11. What’s the
date?
is Zhang Peng.
13. Where is the cinema,
pleas
e? It’s next to the
hospital.
14. How tall are
you
？
I
’
m 164 cm tall.
15. You are shorter than me.
’re 4 cm taller than me.
heavy are you?
I’m 48 kg.
18.
I’m thinner than you, and shorter.
19. What’s the matter with you?
My throat is
sore.
20. How are you, Liu
Yun / Sarah?
[
二
]
there be
句型：
表示存在，
即
：
“某处有某物”
或
“某时有某事”<
/p>
。
句型基本结构为：
There
is+
可数名词单数或不可数名词
+
时间或地点。
There
are+<
/p>
可数名词复数
+
地点。该句型主要
分布在第
5
册的
Un
it 5
和
Unit
6
中，如：
1. There
are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a
living room.
2. There is a mirror, a
bed and a big closet.
3. Is there a
forest in the park?
Yes,
there is.
4. Is there a river?
No, there isn’t.
5. Are there any pandas in the
mountains?
No, there
aren’t.
6. Are there any
fish in the rivers?
Yes, there are.
[
三
]
一般
现在时句型：表示习惯性的动作或行为，或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为：
主语<
/p>
+
行为动词
+
其
他。当主语是第三人称单数时，要在动词原形后面加
s
或
es
，其他人称
作主语时则用动词原形，在问
句及否定句中需要用助动词
do
或
do
es
。这种句型通常有一些
标志词，如：
usually
often
sometimes
never
always
等。该句型主要分布在第
5
册
< br>Unit2&3
，第
6
册
Unit1&2,
第
7
册
Unit4,5,6,
第
8<
/p>
册
Unit2
中。如：
< br>
Book5:
1. What do you
have on Thursdays?
We have
English, math and science on Thursdays.
2.
What do you do on Saturdays?
I watch TV on
资
:<
/p>
料
;
来
/
源
,
于ＧＺＵ５２１学
:
习
;
网
http://
Ｇ
z
< br>ｕ５２
urdays.
3. I do my
homework.
4. What do you have for lunch
on Mondays?
We have
tomatoes, tofu and fish.
5. I like
fruit. But I
don’t like
grapes.
Book6:
1.
When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:00 in
the evening.
2. When do you get up?
I usually get up at 12:00
noon.
3. What do you do on the weekend?
Usually I watch TV and go
shopping.
4. Sometimes I visit my
grandparents. I often play football. Sometimes I
go hiking.
5. Which season do you like
best? I like winter best.
6. Why do you
like summer/winter?
Book7:
1. How do you go to school, Sarah?
2. Usually I go to school
on foot.
Sometimes I go by
bike.
3. I like collecting stamps. He
likes collecting stamps, too.
4. Does
she teach math?
Yes, she
does.
5. Does she teach
English
？
No, she
doesn
’
t.
She teaches math.
6. What
does your mother do?
What
does your father do?
7. Where does she
work?
She works in a car
company.
8. How does she go to work?
She goes to work by bus.
9. Where does the rain come from?
It comes from the clouds.
10. Where does the cloud come from?
It comes from the vapour.
11. Where does the vapour come from?
It comes from
the water in the river.
12. The sun
shines and the water becomes vapour.
13. How do you do that?
Book8:
1. My nose hurts.
2. How do you feel?
I feel sick.
How does Amy
feel?
3. You look so happy.
You look sad today.
[
四
] <
/p>
现在进行时句型：表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件，或在短期内正在进行的动作或
存在的情况。
标志词是：
now
也常用在
Look! Listen!
等后面。
句型主要结构为：
be
动词<
/p>
（
am,
is, are
）
+
动词现在分词
(v.
ing)
。该句型主要分布在第
6
册<
/p>
Unit4, 5, 6
中。如：
1. What are you doing?
I’m doing the dishes.
I’m reading a
book.
2. Grandpa is writing
a letter.
Brother is doing
homework. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen.
3. He is writing an e-mail in the
study.
3. What is it doing ?
It’s eating bananas.
4. What is she
doing ?
She’s
jumping.
5.
What are they doing ?
They’re swimming.
They’ re climbing trees.
6.
Are you eating lunch?
No, we
aren’t.
7. Are they eating
the honey?
Yes, they are.
8. Is he playing chess?
Yes, he is.
9.
Is she counting insects?
No, she isn’t.
[
五
]
一般
过去时句型：表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。句型基本结
构为：主
语
+
动词过去式
+
其他。标志词通常是：
yesterday, last week ,
last year
等，在问句<
/p>
与否定句中要用助动词
did
。该句型分
布在第
8
册
Unit3&4
中。如：
did you do last
weekend?
I
played football.
2. Did you help them
clean their r [
资
料
来源于
贵州
学习
网
] oom?
Yes, I did.
did
you do yesterday?
I went fishing.
4. Did you
read book?
Yes,
I did.
5. Did you clean your room?
No, I didn’t.
did you go on your holiday?
I went to Xinjiang.
7. What did you do there?
I sang and danced with my new friends.
8. How did you go
there
？
I went by train.
此外，一般过去时也可用来表示客气的询问。如：
Book3 Unit5, Book 5
Unit3
中的：
What would you like
for lunch? I
’
d like
some
„
[
六
]
情态
动词
can
引导的句型：表示有能力做某事，
< br>can
后面的动词要用原形。该句型主要
分布在第
5
册
Unit4
和第
7
册
Unit1
中。如：
Book4: 1. What can you
do?
I can sweep
the floor.
I
can cook the meals.
2. I can water the
flowers.
3. Can you make the bed?
No,
I can’t.
4. Can you use a
computer?
Yes, I can.
Book7:
How can I get to Zhongshan
Park?
You can go by the No.
15 bus.
[
七
]
将来时：我们的教材中出现过两种表示将来时的句型，即：
will
和
be going
to
句型，主
要以
be going
to
句型为主，
表示将要做某事或打算做某事。
句型主要结构：
am/is/are + going
to + v.
原形。
标志词有：
tomorrow
next
weekend
this morning
this weekend
next
„
be going
to
Book7:
1. What
are you going to do this weekend?
I am going to visit my
grandparents.
2. Where are you going?
I am going to
the cinema.
3. How is he going to
Beijing?
He is going to Beijing by plane.
4. When is she going to Xiashan?
She
is going to go there at 9:00 am.
I
、询问姓名、年龄：
name
，
How old
1. ----
What’s your
name?
----
你叫什么名字？
----My name is
________.
----
我叫
……
。
2. ----
What’s his
name?
----
他的名字是什么？
----His name is
Mike.
----
他的名字是麦克。
3.
----
What’s her name?
----
她的名字是什么？
----Her name is
Chen Jie.----
她的名字是陈婕。
4. ----How old
are you?
----
你几岁了？
----
I’m 12.
----
我十二岁。
5. ----How old
is he/she?
----
他
/
她几岁了？
----He/She is 23.
----
他
/
她<
/p>
23
岁。
II
、询问颜色：
colour
1. ----What colour is it?
----
它是什么颜色的？
----
It’s yellow and
white.
----
黄白相间。
2. ----What colour are they?
----
它们是什么颜色的？
----
They’re
green.
----
绿色的。
III
、询问时间或日期：
When
1. ----What time is it now?
----
现在几点钟？
----
It’s nine o’clock.. It’s
time for English class.
----
九点。该上英语课了。
(----
It’s eight o’clock.
It’s time to go to bed.)
< br>（
----
八点。该上床睡觉了。
）
2. ----What day is it
today?
----
今天星期几？
----
It’s Monday.
----
星期一。
----What do we have on Mondays?
----
我们星期一上哪些课？
----We have Chinese, English, math
…
----
语文、英语、数学
……
3. ----When is your birthday?
----
你的生日是什么时候？
----
It’s October 1st, our
National Day.
---
-
十月一日
.
国庆节。
4. ----When do you do morning
exercises?
----
你们什么时候做早锻炼？
----I usually do morning exercises at
8:30.
----
我们通常
< br>8
：
30
做早锻炼。
IV
、询问方位或地方：
Where
1. ----Where is my toy car?
----
我的玩具汽车在哪儿？
----
It’s here, under the
chair
.
----
在这儿
.
在椅子下面。
2. ----Where is the
canteen?
----
餐厅在哪儿？
----
It’s on the first
floor
.
----
在一楼。
3. ----Where are the keys?
----
钥匙在哪儿？
----
They’re in the
door
.
----
在门上。
4. ----Excuse me. Where is the library,
please?
----
对不起
.
请问图书馆在哪儿？
----
It’s near the post
office.
----
在邮局附近。
5. ----Where are you from?
----
你从哪儿来？
----
I’m from
China.
----
我从中国来。
6. ----Where does the rain come from?
----
雨是从哪儿来的？
----It comes from the clouds.
----
它是从云层里来的。
V
、询问数量或价钱：
How
many
，
How much
1. ----How many kites can you see?
----
你可以看见几只风筝？
----I can see 12.
----
我可以看见十二只风筝。
2. ----How many crayons do you have?
----
你有多少支彩笔？
----I have 16.
----
我有十六支。
3. ----How many people are there in
your family?
----
你家有几口人？
----Three.
----
三人。
4. ----How much is this dress?
----
这条连衣裙多少钱？
----
It’s
ninety
-nine yuan.
----
九十九元。
5. ----How much are these apples?
----
这些苹果多少钱？
----
They’re
thirty
-five yuan.
----
三十五元。
XVI
、
“How”
问句：<
/p>
How tall,
How heavy,
How long
1. ----How tall are
you?
----
你有多高？
----
I’m 160 cm tall. I’m
taller than you.
-
---
我有
160
公分。我比你高。<
/p>
2. ----How heavy are you?
----
你有多重？