英语形容词和副词用法总结
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中考英语形容词和副词用法总结
形容词和副词用法总结及练习
一、形容词:
(一)概念:形容词修
饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征,通常分成两类:
1.
直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。
2.
叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为
表语形容词
,大多数以
a
开头的形
容词都属于这一
类。
例如:
afraid, asleep, awake,
alone, alive, awake, ashamed,
alike
。
其他常见表语形容词:
worth, ready,
sorry, well
(二)形容词在句中的位置:有的形
容词放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置形容词;少数
形容词放在被修饰的名词之后,称为
后置形容词。
1
)当名词被多个
前置形容词修饰时,形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为:
(限定词)
→
一般描绘性形容词
→
表示大小、长短、高低的形容
词
→
表示年龄、新旧的
形容词
→
表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词
→
表示物质、材料的形容词
→
(名词)。如:
There is a famous fine
old stone bridge near the village.
2
)【重
点】当形容词词组相当<
/p>
于一个定语从句时,或
形容词用来修饰
s
omebody,
something, anything, nothing
等的时候,便会出现后置形容词。如:
The boy
interested in
music
is my brother. Do you have
anything
interesting
to tell
us?
二、副词:
(一)概念:用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词。例如:
<
/p>
not
(不),
here
(这里),
now
(现在)。不少副词同时也可用作介
词或其它词类。如:
Have you read this
book
before
?
(
副词,作时间状语
)
He will arrive
before
ten
o’clock.
(介词,
before ten
o’clock
是介词短语,作时间状语)
(二)副词的种类
1
、时间副词:
1
)表示发生时间的副词:
It’s beginning to rain
now
!
现在开始下雨了!
2
)表示频繁程度的副词,也称频度副词:
always,
often,
usually,
sometimes,
never,
ever,
hardly
等
一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实义动词之前
:
She
often
changes her mind.
3
)还有一些其他表示时间的副词:
He has
just
had an
operation.
他刚动过手术。
2
、地点副词:
1
)表示地点的副词:
She is
studying abroad.
她在国外留学。
2
)以
where
构成的副词也是地点副词:
3
、【重点】方式副词
1
)英语中有大量方式副词,说明行
为方式(回答
how
的问题):
How
beautifully
your
wife dances.
2
)表示情绪的副词:
She
smiled
gratefully
.
3
)还有一些以
-ly
结尾的副词,表示动作发生的状况:
He
left the town
secretly
.
4
、【重点】程度副词和强调副词
It’s the same
everywhere
.
到处都一样。
1
)程度副词可修饰动词,表示
“
到某种程度
”
:
Is she
badly hurt?
她伤得重吗?
[
说明
]
这类副词除修饰动词外,还可修饰形容词(
a
)或另一
副词
(b):
a.
fairly simple
相当简单
quite correct
完全正确
b. wonderfully well
好极了
do it very quickly
干得很快
2
)【重点】
much
是一个特殊的程度副词,它可以:
a.
修饰形容词等:
I’m not much good at singing.
b.
修饰比较级:
You sing much
better than me. Their house is much nicer
than ours.
5.
【重点】疑问副词和连接副词
1
)疑问副词:
疑问副词用来引导特殊问句:
2
)连接副词:
连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样,但都引导从句或与不定式连用:
how: Do you know how to start this
machine?
你知道这台机器怎样启动吗?
where: I don’t know where he lives.
我不知道他住在哪儿。(引导宾语从句)
6.
一些其它类型的副词,如表示方向的副词:
Let’s
go
inside.
Take
two
steps
forward.
(三)副词的位置
1.
副词修饰动词时,通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如:
Usually I do my homework in the
evening. (
句首
)
I often get up at six.
(
句中
)
Please speak slowly.
2.
副词修饰形容词或副词时,通常放在形容词或副词的前面如:
These flowers are quite beautiful.
(在形容词前)
这些花相当漂亮。
He
works very hard.
(在副词前)他工作很努力。
▲
但也有例外,如:
She is
old enough to go to school.
(在形容词后)她已到了上学的年
龄。
3.
按一般规则
,
既有地点状语又有时间状语时,地点状语应放在时间状语之前。如:
We had a meeting in the classroom
yesterday afternoon.
我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。
He watched TV at home last night.
他昨晚在家看电视。
常见形容词用法比较
和
older
①
eld
er
为
年长的
,只指人,用来比较年龄长幼,尤指兄弟姐妹的长幼关系,它只能用在
< br>名词前作定语,不能用于
than
引导的比较状语从句中
。如:
Jordan
has
two
elder
brothers
and an elder and a
younger sister.
②
older
为
年龄较大的,较老的,较旧的
,可指人,也可指物,作定语或表
语,能用在
than
引导的比较状语从句中。
< br> My elder brother is 7 years older than my younger sister.
2. good
和
well
good
和
well
都表示
好
。通常,作定语或表语
时用
good
,作状语时用
well<
/p>
;表示
身体好
的
用
well.
Doing sports is good for us.
做运动对我们有益。(作表语)
Sandy
dances
well
and
she
is
a
good
dancer.
p>
桑迪舞跳得好,她是个出色的舞者。
(well
作状
语
,good
作定语
)
---How are you?
---I am very well.
(作表语,表示
<
/p>
身体好的
)
3. huge, big,
large,
和
great
1) huge
强调尺寸、体积
庞大
(指体积时,比
large, great
所指的体积大),容量和数量
巨
大
,不强调重量。
About ten years ago
scientists from the United States found that the
large object caused a huge
hole in
Mexico.
2)
big
最通俗、常用,强调比正常程度、范围及规模的标准大,修饰人、物或数量。反义
词是
little
或
sma
ll
My best friend is Xiao
Li, but last week in school we had a big
fight.
3)
large<
/p>
强调远远超过标准的
大
< br>
,可指数量、容量、体积和面积,比
big
正式,反义词是
small.
So
it
is
proved
that
the
large
object
had
a
close
relation
with
the
death
of
dinosaurs
and
other
animals.
4) great
通常指抽象的事物。可表数量、距离和程度,
修饰人时,意为
伟大的
。
This is a great chance
that many people do not have.
形容词与介词的搭配
在英语中,有很
多形容词后需要加特定的介词,构成固定的搭配。
1.
p>
与
about
构成的搭配
< br>
Be anxious about
about
2.
与
a
t
构成的搭配
Be expert
at
be surprised at
b
e angry at
3.
与
for
构成的搭配
< br>
Be famous/ well-known for
bad for
4.
与
in
构成的搭配
Be interested in be weak in
experienced in
5
.
与
of
构成的搭配
< br>
Be afraid of be fond of be
proud of be tired of be full of be short of
……
of
6.
与
to
构成的搭配
Be good/ bad to
7. <
/p>
与
with
构成的搭配
< br>
Be angry with be careful with
be busy with
be satisfied
with
be happy with be
patient with be strict with
特别提示
1.
有些形容词后跟不同的介词意义差别不大
Be experienced at/ in
具有
……
方面的经验
be
sure/ certain of/ about
对
……
p>
有把握
2.
有些
形容词后跟不同的介词意义不同
Be good at
p>
在
……
方面擅长
be good to
对
……
友好
p>
be good for
对
……
有帮助
be pleased with
be kind to
be nice to
be rude to
be useful to be polite to
be
ashamed
be poor in be
different in
be
be ready for be sorry for be
fit/ unfit for
be
good/
be good at
be
clever at
be sorry about
be careful about be sure/ certain
about be worried
形容词的常用句型
1. It's +
形容词
+ of+
sb. +
动词不定式
某人(做
某事)
……
说明
人
的性质或特征。
常用形容词有:
good, kind, nice,
polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless,
right, wrong
等
It's very kind of you to help me.
It's foolish of you to make such mistake.
2.
It's
+
形容词
+for
+
sb.
+
动词不定式
做某事对某人来说
……
说明动词不
定式的性质、
特征。
常用形容词有:
difficult, easy,
hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant,
interesting, impossible
等
It is impossible for a child to answer
the question.
小孩子不可能回答出这个问题。
It
is dangerous for you to swim alone.
你自己一个人去游泳很危险。
3.
主语
+be
动词
+
形容词
+
动词不定式
这一句型常用表示感情、情绪,以及表示能力和意志
的形容词,
如
: glad,
pleased, sorry, sad, thankful
或
ready, able, sure,
certain
等。
I'm
very sorry to hear the news.
I'm
glad to see you.
Comrade
Lei Feng is always ready to help others. Tom is
sure/ certain to come.
比较结构的同义转换
1. not
as/ so……as
与
less……than
的转换
The place was not
as/ so crowded as it usually is
yesterday.
The place was
less crowded than it usually is
yesterday.
2.
more……than
与
less……than, not
as/ so…as
的转换
Your
picture is more beautiful than his.
=His picture is less beautiful than
yours.=His picture isn't as/ so beautiful as
yours.
3.
最高级与
more……than,
no……more than
的转换
Math is the most difficult subject of
all.
=Math is more difficult
than any other subject.=No subject is more
difficult than math.
比较级和最高级的修饰语
1.
比较级的修饰语
Much
(
……
得多),
far<
/p>
(
……
得多),
even
(甚至,更),
still(
更
)
,
a
bit
(有点),
a
little
(有点),
a
lot
(很),
a great
deal(
大大地
),
twice(
两倍
), five
times(
五倍
), two-
fifths(
五
分之二
), a h
alf(
一半
)
等修饰比较级表示程度
,但决不可用
very
修饰。
e.g. Tom is a little taller than Mike.
It is even colder today than yesterday.
2.
最高级的修饰语
By far/
far and away
最,很
much ……
得多
almost
几乎
nearly
几乎
The Yellow
River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国第二长河。
This
is (by) far the best book that I've ever read.
这是我读过的最好的书。
形容词最高级用法
最高级是表示在三者或更多者中程度最高的比较方式
①
the+
形容词最高级<
/p>
+
名词
+
表示范
围的短语或从句
Jack is the tallest
student in his class.
He
is the fastest runner of the three boys.
This is the most boring
book I've ever read.
②
one of the+
形容词最
高级
+
名词复数
+
表示范围的短语或从句
China is one of
the largest countries in the world.
<
/p>
用法比较:介词
in
和
< br>of
引导的短语说明比较的范围
如果在一定的地域空间内进行比较用
in;
< br>如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用
of.
China is the largest country in Asia.
Asian countries.
China
is
the
largest
one
of
all
the
③
运用比较级表达最高级的概念:
比较级
+than
any
other+
名词单数
,
比较级
+than
the
other+
名词复数
或
比较级
+than the rest of
+the+
名词复数
Julia is taller than any other girl in
her class.
= Julia is taller
than the other girls in her class. = Julia is
taller than the rest of the girls in her
class.
形容词比较级的用法
①用于两者比较,表示
比
…
更
…
:
< br>
系动词
+
形容词比较级
+than+
B
,
e.g. I am two years older
than my little sister.
谓语动词
+
副词比较级
+
than+ B
:
e.g. She gets to
school earlier than the other students.
②
比较级
+and+
比较级
,这种结构表示
事物本身程度的逐渐增长,意为
越来越
…
。
e.g. In spring
the days are getting longer and longer.
③
比较级
…the+
比较级
,表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度的增长而增长,表示
<
/p>
越
…
,越
…
p>
。
e.g. The mort you
practice using English
,
the
better you'll learn it
你英语练得越多,就会学得
越好。
<
/p>
④
十动词十
th
e+
比较级
+of
短语(比较范围)<
/p>
,这种结构表示
两者中更
……
的那一个
。当比较双方只出现一方(没有
than
及其后面的部
分),且句中含有
of
the
tw
o……
时,
比较级前要加
the.
p>
e.g. Penny is the taller of
the two girls.
to Mr. Black.
⑤表示两者程度不同的其他方式
可用
more
than(
多于
……)
,
not
more
than(
不多于
……)
,
less
than(
少于
……)
,
not
less
than(
不少于
……)
,
less+
形容词
+ than(
不如
……)
等。
We haven't got more than one hour left
right now.
was yesterday.
It
is
less
cold
today
than
it
The
larger
of
the
two
houses
belongs
⑥
比较级
+than
与
比较级
+than
这两个结构
表达的意思完全不同
:
前者往往表示
一方不比另一方
……
< br>,后者往往表示
前者和后者一样都不
…
;
修饰说明数量时,前者表示
最多,不比
……
多
,后者表示
仅仅
,带有感情色彩。
I am not taller than you.
我不比你高。
My French
is not better than yours.
She is not
more than seven years old.
修饰比较级时常见的错误
1. mo
re
不可修饰比较级,但
much
可以
用来加强比较级,意为
的多,更
……<
/p>
I am no taller than you.
我和你一样高。
My French is no better than yours.
She is no more than seven
years old.
He looks more
younger than I. (×
)
2.
比较的对象或范围出现错误。
He looks much younger than I. (√
)
1
)
The weather of
Beijing is colder than Shanghai. (×
) <
/p>
(比较的对象应该是上海的天气,而
不是上海)
< br>
The weather of Beijing is colder
than that of Shanghai. (√)
2
)
China is larger
than any country in Asia.
(×
)
(出现了逻辑上的错误
:
中国就是亚洲国家,
应当排除在外。)
China is larger than any country in
Africa. (√)
中国比非洲的任何国家都大。
China is larger than any other country
in Asia. (√)
中国比亚洲的任何(其他的)国家都大。
特别提示
Than
< br>后面接代词时,一般要用主格,但在口语中也可使用宾格。如果
than
后是一个句子,
则不可使用宾格。
He works harder than me.
He works harder than I do.
副词的比较等级:
副词和形容词一样
,也有原级、比较级和最高级三个等级。其构成方式有规则变化和不规
则变化两种情况。
规则变化的一般规律是:单音节词的比较级和最高级在词尾加
-er
或
-est;
多音节词以及
-l
y
结尾的副词(
early
除外),前
面加
more
或
most.
。不规则的变化式只能采
用
“
< br>各个击破
”
的办法去记忆。
1
)规则变化
2
)不规则变化
原级
soon
loud
fast
wide
early
happily
carefully
比较级
sooner
louder
faster
wider
earlier
more happily
more carefully
比较级
better
worse
less
more
farther
(距离)
further
(程度)
最高级
soonest
loudest
fastest
widest
earliest
most happily
most carefully
最高级
best
worst
least
most
farthest
furthest
原级
well
badly
little
much
far
一、副词的比较级的用法
1
、单独使用
:
Try to do better next
time. He’ll come back sooner or
later.
Please speak more slowly.
He swims better than I
do. Can you do any better than that? He
arrived earlier than usual.
3
、比较级前可有状语修饰:
You must work much faster.
4. as…as
和
not
so…as
结构
a deer.
2
)在否定句中,
< br>as…as
和
so…as
都可以
用:
I don’t
go
there as much as I used.
I didn’t do as(so) well as I
should.
3
)这种句子中也可以有一个表示程度的状语:
She can
read twice as fast as he does.
二、副词最高级的用法:副词最高级可修饰动词,前面多数不带定冠词
the
:
He laughs best who laughs
last. (
谚语
)
谁笑在最后谁笑的最好。
Of
the four of us, I sang (the) worst.
我们四人中我唱的最差。
三、副词比
较级和最高级的特殊用法:副词比较级和最高级还可用在一些特别结构或短语
中。
1
)
more
and more
越来越
…:
It rained more and more heavily.
2
)
the more…the
more
越
…
,越
< br>…
:
3
)
had better
最好:
we better do?
She went
farther and farther away.
What
had
The
more I work, the more I accomplish.
Can you come
over a bit more quickly?
这两个结构也可结合副词使用:
1
)
as…as
可用在肯定句中,表示
“
像
…
一样<
/p>
”
,后面的副词要用原级:
She
can run as fast as
We’d
better not disturb him.
二、英语书面表达专项训练
2
.
(B)
根据要求完成大作文
,
词数
:80-100
p>
体育运动是中学生的共同爱好
.
请根据下面
提示写一篇题为
What We Get from Sports
< br>的短文
,
应该包含以下要点
:<
/p>
1,
学生参加体育运动的兴趣不同
p>
,
理由各异
.
<
/p>
2.
多数学生学习疲倦时
,
通过运动来放松自己
.
3
.
男孩参加各项体育运动
,
希望运动能
使自己更强壮
.
4.
女孩也喜欢运动,希望运动使自己减肥和保持健康
,
苗
条
.
5.
你
对运动的观点
.
6.
注意
:
文中不得出现自己的名字和学校的名字
7.
短文开头已给出
,
不计入词数
.
8.
参考词语
:keep slim
(
保持苗条
)
What We Get from Sports
Students in our school have one thing
in common an interest in
sports._______
__________________________________________________
________________
_______________________
__________________________________________________
______
_________________________________
______________________________________________
___________________________________________
____________________________________
___
__________________________
【答案】
Students in our school
have one thing in common an interest in sports.
But different
students have different
reasons for taking part in sports.
Many students have sports when they
feel tired after study. They just want to relax
themselves
and have fun. Most boys love
sports. They take part in all kinds of sports in
order to become
stronger. They join in
the sports that interest them most, such as
soccer, basketball and volleyball.
As
for girls, they want to lose weight. They want to
keep slim, so they also like taking
exercise.
In my opinion, no
matter what reasons we have, we all can get a lot
from sports.
【解析】
【详解】
本篇写作主要是谈论自己对
运动的观点和看法,应该用一般现在时态,写作要点要包括:
1.
提出目前学生对运动的不同看法及原因。
2.
具体分析(多数
学生的观点、男生的观点、女
生的观点)。
3.
提出自己对运动的观点。
亮点说明:这是一篇优秀的
作文,很好地完成了试题规定的任务,语言表达符合英语习
惯,准确运用时态,主谓一致
,在文中使用了时间状语从句,定语从句,特别使用一些亮
点词句,如
< br>have fun
,
in order
to
,
as
for
,
in my opinion
等。增强逻辑关系,增加上下文意
思连贯,句子通顺,行文连贯。
3
.
假
如你是李华
,
正在美国格林中学做交换生
。
为了让更多的人了解中华文化
,
你打算向学
校申请建立一个社团
(
Chinese Culture Club)
。
请用英语给学
校负责老师
Mr. Lee
写一份申请
,
内容包括建立该社团的
原因及社团的主要活动安排
。
提示词语
: spread, experience,
Beijing Opera, chopsticks, speech
提示问题
: • Why do you want to
start the club?
• What
activities
will you have in the
club?
【答案】
Dear Mr. Lee,
I’m writing to apply for starting a
Chinese Culture Club.
As we
know, more and more people are interested in
Chinese culture, so a Chinese Culture Club
can be a good chance for our students
to learn more. In this club, students will work
together to