关系副词的用法
-
关系副词的用法
1. when
指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如：
Can you still remember
that evening when we met for the first time?
2. where
指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。如：
Can you show me the
house where Shakespeare lived?
3. why
指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。如：
I don't know the reason
why he didn't tell it to his father.
4.
由于关系副词在定语从句中相当于
“
介词＋名词
”
，如：
when
＝
on / in
/during the day,
where= in /
at / on the place, why
＝
for the reason
，因此关系副词引导的定语从
句可以改写为
“
介词＋
which ”
引导的定语从句。如：
That is the day when
（
on which
）
he did the
experiments.
This is
the house where
（
in which
）
my father used to live.
That is the reason why
（
for which
）
he is leaving
very soon.
5.
关系代词和关系副词的选择
先行词是表时间或地点的名词时，关系词的选择要慎重
，以下技巧可帮助你解决此类问题。
（
1
）分析句子结构，看表时间或地点的先行词在定语从句中是
作状语，还是作主语和宾语。
（
2
）看定语从句中的动词是及物动词，还是不及物动词，还是
“<
/p>
不及物动词＋介词
”
结构。
比较：
This is the place where he worked
（
vi
）
when he was
young.
The city
（
that / which
）
we visited
（
vt
）
is well-known.
We'll never forget the day
(that / which )we spent (vt )in the village.
We'll never forget the day when we work
（
vi
）
in the village.
That is the reason why
he is leaving
（
vi
）
very soon.
That is the reason that he
told
（
vt
）
me.
介词
+
关系代词（
whom/which
）引
导的定语从句
1
．正确使用介词。定
语从句中介词的使用分为两种情况，一是与定语从句中谓语动词的搭配关
系，二是与先行
词的关系。例如：
The
person about whom they are talking is our math
teacher.
Can you tell
me the date on which you were born?
前者
talk about
属于固定搭配，后者
on
与表示某一天的名词搭配。
有时介词的使用需要根据句子的意义而定。例如：
His glasses, without
which he could see nothing, fell on the ground and
broke.
His glasses,
with which he saw very clearly, fell on the ground
and broke.
2
．介词的
位置。介词在定语从句中的位置一般有下面的规律可循：
1
）位于关系代词前面。与先行词搭配的介词一般只
能放在这个位置。例如：
1
He built a telescope
through which he could study the sky.
The house besides which there is a
big tree is Li Hong's.
2)
位于定语从句的谓语动词后面。像
look after, look for, take care of,
come across, send for,
call on, come
about, long for, hear from, get through
这样的短语动词，
介词和动词不能拆开，
故
< br>介词不能放到关系代词之前。在这种情况下关系代词可以省略。例如：
The doctor
(that/who/whom) you send for has not come.
The girl
(that/who/whom) I came across in the street
yesterday is a friend of mine.
The chance (that/which) I longed
for has come at last.
3
．关系代词
whose
引导的定语从句可以用
“
of which/whom ”
来替换。例如：
The book whose colour is
red is mine. = The book the colour of which is red
is mine.
The man whose
right leg is lame is a famous singer. = The man
the right leg of whom is lame is
a
famous singer.
which
与
as
引导非限制性定语从
句时都指代整个句子，区别在于
which
< br>与
as
引导非限制性定语从句时都指代整个句子，区别在
于：
Which
< br>只能放在主句后面，而
as
引导的从句位置相对较灵活，
可在前，可在中，也可在后。例
如：
A)
As he realized, I was
very useful to him.(
在前
)
B)
Air, as we
know, is a gas.
（在中）
C)
He was a
foreigner,as I know from his
accent.(
在后
)
D
）
He said he had
never seen her before, which was not true.
练习一
1. Do you
know who lives in the building ______there is a
well?
A. in front of it
B. in front of whose
C. in front of which
D. in front
which
2. I’ll never forget
the day ____I joined the League.
A. on which
A.
who
B. in which
B. to whom
B. from whom
B. with which
B.
that
C.
which
C. to who
D. at which
D
whom
D. to whom
D. that
D. from whom
D. by it
3. The woman _____my brother spoke just
now is my teacher.
4.
Jeanne was her old friend, ____she borrowed a
necklace.
A. from who
A.
which
A. who
A. in which
C. to that
5. His glasses,
_____he was like a blind man, fell to the ground
and broke its leg.
C. without which
C.
from which
C. through which
2
6. she is a
teacher of much knowledge, _____much can be
learned.
7. He built a
telescope _____he could study the skies.
B. with that