定语从句---关系代词和关系副词的用法
-
定语从句(
Attributive Cla
uses
)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修
饰的名词
,
词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常
出现在先行词之后,
由关系词
(关
系代
词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:
who, whom, whose,
that, which
等。
一)关系代词的用法
用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例
如:
p>
The building which stands
near the train station is a supermarket.
位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作
)
The film
(
which
)
we
saw last night was wonderful.
我们昨天晚上看的那
部电影很好看。
(作
)
,
whom
用于指人,
who
用作主语
,
whom
用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用
who
代替
whom
,
也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my
English is from England.
经常在
英
语
方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
(作
)
Who is the
teacher
(
whom
)
Li Ming is talking to
?
正在和李明谈话
的老师是谁?(作
)
3.
that
既可以用于指人,也可以用
于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时
不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary
likes
music
that
is
quiet
and
gentle.
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(
that
p>
作
)
The coat
(
that
)
I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝
色的。
(
that
作
)
4.
Whose
用来指人或物,
p>
(
只用作定语
,
若指物,
它还可以同
of
which
互换)
,
例
如:
They rushed over to help the man whose
car had broken down.
那人
车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book
whose (of which) cover is green.
请递给我
那本绿皮的书。
二)只能用
that
的情况
a.
先行词被
序数词或形容词最
高级所
修饰,或
本身是序数词、基数词、形容词
最高级
时,只能用
that
,
而不用
which.
例如:
He was the first person
that passed the exam.
他是第一个通过测试的
人。
b.
被修饰的
先行词为
everything
,
anything
< br>,
all
,
any
,
much
,
many
,
none
,
the one
等不定代词时,只能用
that
,而不用
which.
例如:
All that is needed is a
supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally,
the
thief
handed
everything
that
he
had
stolen
to
the
police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
Is there anything that you want to buy
in the shop
?
你在商店里有什
么东西要买吗?
p>
c.
先行词
被
th
e only
,
the
very
,
the
same
,
the
last
,
little
,
few
,
all
,any,
every,
much,
no,
one,of,
等词修饰时
,只能用<
/p>
that
,而不用
which.
例如:
This is the same
bike that I
lost.
这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d.
先行词里同时
< br>含有人或物
时,只能用
that
,
而不用
which.
例如:
I can remember well
the persons and some pictures that I saw in the
room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.
以
who
或
which
引导的特殊疑问句
,为避免重复,
只能用
that.
例如:
Who is the girl that is
crying
?
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.
主句是
there be
结构,修饰主语的定语从句用
that
,而不
用
which.
例如:
There is a book on the desk that
belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本书是汤
姆的。
g.
先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在定语从句中作标语时。
China is no longer the country
that it used to be.
(一)关系副词引导的定语从句
1
.
when
指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
I
still
remember
the
day
when
I
first
came
to
this
school.
我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。