(完整版)上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结

玛丽莲梦兔
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2021年02月20日 23:37
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2021年2月20日发(作者:绸缪)


上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结



一般现在时



1

、定义:表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有


usually



often



eve ry day



sometimes



always



at weekends



on Sundays


等表示经常性时间的短语。



2


、构成:



1


)当谓语是


be


动词


时,一般现在时的构成:


主语+


be


动词+其他



如:


I am a student.


He is


Jim’s father.



They are from Japan.


2


)当谓语是


行为动词


时,一般现在时的构成:




主语


(非第三人称单数)


+动词原形+其他



如:


I often watch TV at the weekends.


Mr Green and Mrs Green like collecting stamps.



主语


(第三人称单数)


+动词的第三人 称单数形式+其他



如:


Jim usually visits his grandparents on Sundays.



She sometimes goes to the park with her mother.


3



动词三单形式


的变化规则:











一般情况下,直接加


s


如:


read- reads



swim-swims



s



x



sh



ch



o


结尾,加


es


如:


wash- washes



watch- watches



do-does



辅音字母+


y


结尾,变


y



i


,再加


es


如:


study- studies



fly-flies


不规则变化



如:


have-has



4


、一般现在时的句型转换:



肯定句



They


watch


TV


every day.


She


watches


TV


every day.



现在进行时



1

、定义:表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有


now



look



listen< /p>


等词。



如:


I am washing clothes now.


否定句



They


don’t watch


TV


every day.


She


doesn’t



watch



TV every day.


一般疑问句及回答




Do


they


watch


TV every day?



Yes, they


do


. / No, they


don’t


.




Does


she


watch


TV every day?



Yes, she


does


. / No, she


doesn’t


.



1



Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree.



Listen! Jane is singing in the music room.


2


、构成:


be


动词(


am/is/are



+


动词现在分词(


V-ing




3



动词现在分词


构成:





一般是在动词原形后加


ing


如:


read- reading



drink- drinking



eat- eating



look-looking




以不发音的


e


结尾的动词,去掉


e


,再加


ing


如:


write- writing



make- making



ride- riding



take-taking




以重读闭音节结尾,如末尾只有一 个辅音字母,要双写这个字母,再加


ing


如:


sit- sitting



swim- swimming



put- putting



run- running



stop- stopping



get- getting



begin- beginning



jog- jogging



forget-forgetting


4



动名词


其实就是动词的现在分词,它既有名词性质(可作主语),又有动词性质(可带宾语)。



如:


Asking the way


My hobby is collecting stamps.


He is good at skating.


5


、现在进行时的句型转换:



肯定句



He


is running


now.


否定句



He


isn’t running


now.


一般疑问句及回答




Is


he


running


now?




Yes, he


is


. / No, he


isn’t


.




Are


they


making


a puppet?




Yes, they


are


. / No, they


aren’t


.


They


are making



a puppet.


一般过去时



They


aren’t making



a puppet.


1



定义:


表示过去某个时间里发生的 动作或存在的状态。


常和表示过去的时间状语连用,


如:


a moment ago



just no w



yesterday


< p>
last week



this morning


等。



如:


My brother often went to school by bike last term.


The watch was beside the diary a moment ago.


I watched the moon and ate the moon cakes last Mid- Autumn Festival.



2


Jim went to the supermarket yesterday.


2


、构成:


主语


动词的过去式



其他

< p>


3



动词过去式


的变化规则:













一般在动词原形末尾加


ed


如:


play- played



listen- listened



look-looked


结尾是


e


的动词,加


d







如:


live- lived



like- liked



taste-tasted

辅音字母+


y


结尾的动词,变


y< /p>



i


,再加


ed



如:


study- studied



carry- carried



cry-cried


末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写这个辅音字母,再加


ed



如:


stop- stopped



plan-planned


不规则变化



如:



am/is-was

















are-were

















have/has-had

















do-did


go-went



















sit-sat




















tell-told























see-saw


get-got




















make-made














give-gave





















read-read


buy- bought















come-came















draw-drew




















eat-ate


fly-flew



















meet-met

















put-put























run-ran


say-said

















sing-sang


















swim-swam



















take-took


4


、一般过去时的句型转换



肯定句



He


watched


TV yesterday.


否定句






一般疑问句及回答




Did


he


watch


TV yesterday?


He


didn’t watch


TV yesterday.



Yes, he


did


. / No, he


didn’t


.




Did


they


play


games just now?



Yes, they


did


. / No, they


didn’t


.


They


didn’t play


games just


They


played


games just now.


now.




一般将来时



1


、定义:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,以及打算、计划或准备某事。句中一 般含有表示将来的时间状


语,如:


tomorrow morning



next week



this afternoon


等表示将来的时间状语。




2


、构成:





be gong to +


动词原形



如:


I am going to see a Beijing opera tomorrow.


We are going to meet at bus stop at half past ten.


Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon.





will +


动词原形



如:


They will go swimming this afternoon.



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