小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳
-
小学英语语法汇总
一、时态
1
.一般现在时
(
1
)表示
经常发生的动作或事情,通常用
“
u
sually
通常
,
often
常常
, every
…
p>
每
…
, sometimes
有时,
always
总是
,
”
等词。
(
2
)基本结构:
I / You / We /
They
He / She / It
肯定句
动词原形
动词第三人称单数形式
否定句
don
’
t +
动原
doesn
’
t +
动原
一般疑问句
(Yes/No)
Do
…
? Yes, I do.
Does
…
(
动词原形
)
…
?No,she
doesn
’
t.
特殊疑问句
What do
…
?
How does she
p>
…
(
动词原形
)<
/p>
…
?
(3)
动词第三人称单数形式(同名词单数变成复数方法相同)
1
一般情况
+s
如:
walk-walks
2.
辅音字母
+y
< br>结尾
去
y +ies
fly-flies
3.
结尾是
s,
x
,
sh, ch
+es
watch-watches
4.
特殊的
do-does ,have-has, go-goes
2
.现在进行时
,
< br>(
1
)表示正在发生的动作,通常用
“
now
现在
, look
看,
linsen
听
”
.
(
2
)
基本形式:
be +
动词
ing
eg: I
am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They
are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not)
eating.
What are you doing?
Is he reading?
(
3
)动词的现在分词形式(动词
+ing
)
一般情况
+ing
walk
—
walking
结尾是不发音的
e
-e + ing
come
—
coming
重读闭音节
双
写
最
后
一
r
un-running
个字母
+ing
swim-swimming
3.
一般过去时
(
1
)
p>
表示过去已经发生的事情
,
通常用
“
last
…
上一个
…
,
just now
刚才
,
a moment
ago
刚才,
p>
等词。
(
2
)
be
动词的过去式
:
am/is
—
was
are
—
were
(
3
)过去式基本结构
p>
肯定句(
Positive
)
动词过去式
I
went shopping last night.
否定句
(Negative)
Didn
’
t +
动词原形
I
didn
’
t go shopping last
night.
一般疑问句
(Yes/No)
Did
…
+
动词原形
…
?
Did you go shopping last night?
特殊疑问句
(wh-)
What
did
…
+
动词原形
…
?
What did you do last night?
(
4
)词过去式的变化:
规则动词的变化:
一般动词
+ed
planted,watered,climbed
以不发音的
e
结尾
+d
liked
辅音字母加
y
结尾
-y+ ied
study
—
studied,
cry- cried
yesterday
昨天
”
< br>
重读闭音节单词,末尾只有一个辅音字
双写最后一个
stop
–
stopped
母
字母
+ed
plan -
planned
不规则动词的变化:
原形
过去式
原形
过去式
原形
过去式
原形
过去式
sweep
swept
teach
taught
have
had
go
went
keep
kept
think
thought
do
did
find
found
sleep
slept
buy
bought
eat
ate
say
said
feel
felt
drink
drank
is/am
was
take
took
read
read
give
gave
are
were
mean
meant
put
put
sing
sang
drive
drove
meet
met
cut
cut
begin
began
speak
spoke
make
made
let
let
ring
rang
write
wrote
see
saw
fly
flew
run
ran
ride
rode
come
came
draw
drew
sit
sat
hear
heard
tell
told
grow
grew
learn
learned/ learnt
get
got
know
knew
4
.一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与
tomorrow,
next Sunday
等时间状语连用。
结构:
be going to
+
动词原形或
will
+
动词原形
例如:
I
’
m
going to visit my grandpa next week.
二、人称代词
主格
宾格
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
I
me
my
mine
we
us
our
ours
you
you
your
yours
he
him
his
his
she
her
her
hers
it
it
its
its
they
them
their
theris
(注:介
词,动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。
)
三、可数名词的复数形式
1.
一般名词:
+ s a book
–
books
2.
辅音字母加
y
结尾:
- y+ ies a
story
—
stories
3.
以
s,
x
,
sh, ch
,结尾:
+ es a glass
—
glasses
;
< br>a watch-watches
4.
以
f
或
fe
结尾:
- f
或
fe
变为
ves a knife
–
knives a shelf-shelves
5.
特殊的名词复数
man-men, woman-women, policeman-
policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children
foot-
feet,.tooth-teeth
fish-
fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-
Japanese
四、不可数名词
(
没有复数形式
)
bread, rice, water,
juice
,
milk
,
tea
,
coffee
五、缩略形式
I
’
m = I am
you
’
re = you are
she
’
s = she is
he
’
s = he is /he has(got)
it
’
s = it is
who
’
s =who is
can
’
t =can not
isn
’
t=is not
didn
’
t=did not
weren
’
t=were not
wasn
’
t=was not
let
’
s=let
us
I
’
ll=I will
六、
a. an
.the
的用法
1.
单词的第一读音是辅音读音:
a
book, a peach
,
a
“
U
”
单词的第一个读音是元音读音:
an
egg
,
an
hour
,
an
“
F
”
要注意的:球类前面不加
the
,乐器前面要加
the
,序数词前面要加
the
。
七、介词
1
.表示方位:
on, in ,in
front of, between, next to, near, beside, at,
behind.
,
under
2
.表示时间:
(
1
)
at
:
几点前面用
at
< br>如:
at
six
o
’
clock,
< br>没有
day
的节日前用
at
p>
如
:
at
Christmas,
固定词组
at
the
weekends
,
at night
(
2
)
on:
星期前用
on
如:
on Monday
,日期前用
on
如:
on the 15th of July
带有
Day
的节日前用
on
如:
on
National Day
(
3
)
in:
早晨,中午,晚上前用
in
:
in the morning
,
in
the afternoon
,
in the
evening
,月份前用
in
,如
in
December
,季节前用
in
,如
winter
八、基数词变成序数词的方法
1.
直接在基数词词尾加上
th
。如:
p>
seventh
第七,
tenth
第十,
thirteenth
第十三,
2.
以
y
结尾的基数词,变
y
为
i
,再加上
eth
p>
。如:
twentieth
第二十。
3.
不规则的。如:
first
第一
, second
第二,
third
第三,
fifth
第五,
eighth
第八,
ninth
第九,
twelfth
第十
二。
4
.
有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如
twen
ty-first
第二十一。
九、
some
/any
的用法
< br>1.
肯定句中用
some
:
p>
I have some toys in my bedroom.
2.
问句和否定句中用
ang
:<
/p>
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
He hasn
’
t got any
pencils in his pencil-case.
3.
询问想要什么时用
some
:
Wo
uld you like some juice?
Can I have some stamps?
十、
there
be
结构
1.
肯定句(有
…
)
:
< br>
There is
+
单数或不可数名词
There
are +
复数
注:遵循就近原则,看靠
there
be
最近的
2.
一般疑问句(有
…
吗?)
:Is
there
…
? Yes, there is./ No,
there isn
’
t.
Are
there
…
? Yes, there are. /No,
there aren
’
t.
3.<
/p>
否定句(没有)
:
There isn
’
t
…
. There aren
’
t
…
.
be
句型与
have(has)
的区别:
there be
表示在某
地有某物(或人)
;
have(has)
表示某人拥有某物。
十一、祈使句
Sit down
please
Don
’
t sit
down, please.
Let
’
s go to the
park.
(注:祈使句中动词用原形)
< br>十二、
(
情态
)
动词
can, may, must, should, will
后面直接用动词原形。
1. I /
He / She / They can sing. May I come in? I must go
now.
2. You should be quiet in the
library.
3.
You
’
ll be good
friends.
十三、形容词和副词的比较级
一、形容词的比较级
1
、
两个事物或人的比较用比较级,
比较级后面一般带
有单词
than
。
比较级前面可以用<
/p>
more, a little
来修饰表示程
< br>度。
。
2
.形容词加
er
的规则:
⑴一般在词尾加
er
;
⑵以字母
e
结尾,加
r
;
⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母
结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加
er
;
⑷以
“
辅音
字母
+y
”
结尾,先把
y
变
i
,再加
er
。
3
.不规则形容词比较级:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
二、副词的比较级
1
.形容词与副词的区别
(
有
be
用形,有形用<
/p>
be
;有动用副,有副用动
)
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或
be
动词
之后
⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2
.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同
(
不规则变化:
well-
better, far-farther)
十四、特殊疑问句
What
What are
you doing
?
(
问什么事
,
什么物或什
W
hat is that?
么工作
)
W
hat is
she?(What
’
s her job?)
What time
(时间)
What time is it?
What
’
s the time?
when
(
什么时候
)
Which
(哪一个)
Who
(谁)
Whose
(谁的)
Where
(哪里)
Why
(为什么)
When do you get up?
When is
your birthday?
I
’
m reading.
It
’
s a book.
She
’
s a nurse.
It
’
s seven.
I get up at six thirty.
It
’
s on the 21st
of December.
What
colour(
问颜色
)
What
colour is your coat?
I
t
’
s red.
Which is your watch, the yellow one
The yellow is mine.
or the
white one?
Who is the man with a big
nose?
Whose bag is it?
Whose is this bag?
Where is
my ball pen?
Why do you like summer?
He
’
s my uncle.
It
’
s his bag.
It
’
s under the
book.
I like summer
because
…
How many
(多少)
How
many
books
are
there
in
the
There
are
four
books
in
the
school bag?
school bag.
How old
(几岁)
How
(怎么样)
一、名词复数的规则变化
名词复数的规则变化
构
成
法
A.
在一般情况下,词尾加
-s
例
词
book
–
books
bed -- beds
How
old is the young man?
He
’
s nineteen.
It
’
s eleven yuan.
How much
(多少钱)
How
much is the toy bear?
How do you go to
school everyday?
I go to school by car.
bus
–
buses
box --
boxes
B.
以
s
,
x
,
ch
,
sh
结尾的词,词尾加
-e
s
dish
–
dishes
watch --
watches
C.
以
f
或
fe
结尾的词,先将
f
或
fe
改
knife -- knives
成
v
,再加
-es
wife -- wives
D.
以
o
结尾的单词,有生命的物质加
-e
s
,
tomato -- tomatoes
无生命的物质加
-s
photo
-- photos
E.
以辅音字母加
y
结尾,
先
y
将改
i
,
再加
family
–
families
city
-- cities
上
-es
二、现在进行时构成