小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳

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2021年02月20日 23:38
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2021年2月20日发(作者:关雨)






小学英语语法汇总



一、时态



1


.一般现在时





1


)表示 经常发生的动作或事情,通常用




u sually


通常


, often


常常


, every





, sometimes


有时,


always


总是


,



等词。




2


)基本结构:





I / You / We / They


He / She / It


肯定句



动词原形



动词第三人称单数形式



否定句



don



t +


动原



doesn



t +


动原



一般疑问句


(Yes/No)


Do



? Yes, I do.


Does



(


动词原形


)



?No,she doesn



t.


特殊疑问句



What do



?


How does she



(


动词原形


)< /p>



?


(3)


动词第三人称单数形式(同名词单数变成复数方法相同)



1


一般情况



+s


如:


walk-walks


2.


辅音字母


+y

< br>结尾




y +ies


fly-flies


3.


结尾是



s, x




sh, ch


+es


watch-watches


4.


特殊的



do-does ,have-has, go-goes


2


.现在进行时


,

< br>(


1


)表示正在发生的动作,通常用


now


现在


, look


看,


linsen




.



2


) 基本形式:



be +


动词


ing


eg: I am(not) doing my homework.


You/We/They are(not) reading.


He/She/It is(not) eating.





What are you doing?



Is he reading?



3


)动词的现在分词形式(动词


+ing




一般情况




+ing



walk



walking


结尾是不发音的



e


-e + ing


come



coming


重读闭音节








r un-running


个字母


+ing


swim-swimming


3.


一般过去时




1




表示过去已经发生的事情


,


通常用




last



上一个



,


just now


刚才


,


a moment


ago


刚才,


等词。




2




be


动词的过去式


: am/is



was are



were




3


)过去式基本结构



肯定句(


Positive




动词过去式



I went shopping last night.


否定句


(Negative)


Didn



t +


动词原形



I didn



t go shopping last night.


一般疑问句


(Yes/No)


Did



+


动词原形



?


Did you go shopping last night?


特殊疑问句


(wh-)


What did



+


动词原形



?


What did you do last night?



4


)词过去式的变化:



规则动词的变化:



一般动词




+ed


planted,watered,climbed


以不发音的


e


结尾



+d


liked


辅音字母加


y


结尾



-y+ ied


study



studied, cry- cried





yesterday


昨天


< br>






重读闭音节单词,末尾只有一个辅音字


双写最后一个


stop



stopped




字母


+ed


plan - planned


不规则动词的变化:



原形



过去式



原形



过去式



原形



过去式



原形



过去式



sweep


swept


teach


taught


have


had


go


went


keep


kept


think


thought


do


did


find


found


sleep


slept


buy


bought


eat


ate


say


said


feel


felt


drink


drank


is/am


was


take


took


read


read


give


gave


are


were


mean


meant


put


put


sing


sang


drive


drove


meet


met


cut


cut


begin


began


speak


spoke


make


made


let


let


ring


rang


write


wrote


see


saw


fly


flew


run


ran


ride


rode


come


came


draw


drew


sit


sat


hear


heard


tell


told


grow


grew


learn


learned/ learnt


get


got


know


knew


4


.一般将来时


一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与


tomorrow, next Sunday


等时间状语连用。



结构:


be going to +


动词原形或


will +


动词原形



例如:


I



m going to visit my grandpa next week.


二、人称代词



主格



宾格



形容词性物主代词



名词性物主代词



I



me



my


mine


we


us


our


ours


you


you


your


yours


he


him


his


his


she


her


her


hers


it


it


its


its


they


them


their


theris


(注:介 词,动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。




三、可数名词的复数形式



1.


一般名词:



+ s a book



books


2.


辅音字母加


y

结尾:



- y+ ies a story



stories


3.



s, x



sh, ch


,结尾:



+ es a glass



glasses


< br>a watch-watches


4.



f



fe


结尾:

< p>


- f



fe


变为



ves a knife



knives a shelf-shelves


5.


特殊的名词复数



man-men, woman-women, policeman- policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice


child-children


foot- feet,.tooth-teeth



fish- fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese- Japanese


四、不可数名词


(


没有复数形式


)


bread, rice, water, juice



milk



tea



coffee



五、缩略形式



I



m = I am you



re = you are she



s = she is he



s = he is /he has(got)


it



s = it is who



s =who is can



t =can not isn



t=is not didn



t=did not weren



t=were not wasn



t=was not let



s=let


us I



ll=I will


六、


a. an .the


的用法



1.


单词的第一读音是辅音读音:


a book, a peach




a



U




单词的第一个读音是元音读音:


an egg




an hour




an



F






要注意的:球类前面不加

< p>
the


,乐器前面要加


the

,序数词前面要加


the











七、介词



1


.表示方位:


on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.



under


2


.表示时间:




1



at


:


几点前面用


at

< br>如:


at


six


o



clock,

< br>没有


day


的节日前用


at





at


Christmas,


固定词组



at


the


weekends



at night



2



on:


星期前用


on


如:


on Monday


,日期前用


on


如:


on the 15th of July


带有


Day


的节日前用


on


如:



on


National Day



3



in:


早晨,中午,晚上前用


in



in the morning



in the afternoon



in the evening


,月份前用


in


,如


in


December


,季节前用


in


,如



winter


八、基数词变成序数词的方法



1.


直接在基数词词尾加上


th


。如:


seventh


第七,


tenth


第十,


thirteenth


第十三,



2.



y


结尾的基数词,变


y

< p>


i


,再加上


eth


。如:


twentieth


第二十。



3.


不规则的。如:


first


第一


, second


第二,



third


第三,


fifth


第五,



eighth


第八,


ninth


第九,


twelfth


第十


二。



4 .


有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如


twen ty-first


第二十一。



九、


some /any


的用法



< br>1.


肯定句中用


some



I have some toys in my bedroom.

2.


问句和否定句中用


ang


:< /p>


Do you have any brothers or sisters?


He hasn



t got any pencils in his pencil-case.


3.

询问想要什么时用


some



Wo uld you like some juice?



Can I have some stamps?


十、



there be


结构



1.


肯定句(有




< br>


There is +


单数或不可数名词



There are +


复数



注:遵循就近原则,看靠


there be


最近的



2.

一般疑问句(有



吗?)


:Is there



? Yes, there is./ No, there isn



t.


Are there



? Yes, there are. /No, there aren



t.


3.< /p>


否定句(没有)




There isn



t



. There aren



t



.


be


句型与


have(has)


的区别:


there be


表示在某 地有某物(或人)



have(has)


表示某人拥有某物。



十一、祈使句



Sit down please


Don



t sit down, please.


Let



s go to the park.


(注:祈使句中动词用原形)


< br>十二、


(


情态


)


动词


can, may, must, should, will


后面直接用动词原形。



1. I / He / She / They can sing. May I come in? I must go now.


2. You should be quiet in the library.


3. You



ll be good friends.





十三、形容词和副词的比较级



一、形容词的比较级



1



两个事物或人的比较用比较级,


比较级后面一般带 有单词


than



比较级前面可以用< /p>


more, a little


来修饰表示程

< br>度。




2

.形容词加


er


的规则:



⑴一般在词尾加


er




⑵以字母


e


结尾,加


r




⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母 结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加


er











⑷以



辅音 字母


+y



结尾,先把


y



i


,再加


er




3


.不规则形容词比较级:



good-better, beautiful-more beautiful


二、副词的比较级




1


.形容词与副词的区别


< p>
(



be


用形,有形用< /p>


be


;有动用副,有副用动


)


⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或


be


动词 之后



⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后



2


.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同



(


不规则变化:


well- better, far-farther)


十四、特殊疑问句




What



What are you doing




(

< p>
问什么事


,


什么物或什


W hat is that?


么工作


)




hat is she?(What



s her job?)


What time


(时间)



What time is it?


What



s the time?


when


(


什么时候


)


Which


(哪一个)



Who


(谁)



Whose


(谁的)



Where


(哪里)



Why


(为什么)



When do you get up?


When is your birthday?


I



m reading.


It



s a book.


She



s a nurse.


It



s seven.


I get up at six thirty.


It



s on the 21st of December.


What colour(


问颜色


)


What colour is your coat?






I



t



s red.


Which is your watch, the yellow one


The yellow is mine.


or the white one?


Who is the man with a big nose?


Whose bag is it?






Whose is this bag?


Where is my ball pen?


Why do you like summer?


He



s my uncle.


It



s his bag.


It



s under the book.


I like summer because




How many


(多少)



How


many


books


are


there


in


the


There


are


four


books


in


the


school bag?


school bag.


How old


(几岁)



How


(怎么样)






一、名词复数的规则变化



名词复数的规则变化









A.


在一般情况下,词尾加


-s







book



books




bed -- beds


How old is the young man?


He



s nineteen.


It



s eleven yuan.


How much


(多少钱)


How much is the toy bear?


How do you go to school everyday?


I go to school by car.


bus



buses




box -- boxes


B.



s



x



ch



sh


结尾的词,词尾加


-e s


dish



dishes




watch -- watches


C.



f



fe


结尾的词,先将


f



fe



knife -- knives



v


,再加


-es


wife -- wives


D.



o


结尾的单词,有生命的物质加


-e s



tomato -- tomatoes


无生命的物质加


-s


photo -- photos


E.


以辅音字母加

y


结尾,



y

将改


i



再加

family



families




city -- cities



-es


二、现在进行时构成





-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-