上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结精选文档

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2021年02月20日 23:42
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2021年2月20日发(作者:我18岁)







上


海


牛


津


小


学


英


语


语


法


知


识


总


结


精

< br>选


文


档



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上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结



一般现在时



1


、定义:表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有


usually

< p>
,


often


,


ever y day


,


sometimes


,< /p>


always


,


at weekends


,


on Sundays


等表示经常性时间的短语。



2


、构成:



1


)当谓语是


be


动词


时,一般现在时的构成:


主语+


be

< br>动词+其他



如:


I am a student.


He is


Jim’s father.



They are from Japan.


2


)当谓语是


行为动词


时,一般现在时的构成:



①


主语


(非第三人称单数)


+动词原形+其他



如:


I often watch TV at the weekends.



Mr Green and Mrs Green like collecting stamps.


②


主语


(第三人称单数)


+动词的第三人 称单数形式+其他



如:


Jim usually visits his grandparents on Sundays.


She sometimes goes to the park with her mother.



3


、


动词三单形式


的变化规则:



•



•



•



•



•



•



•




一般情况下,直接加


s


如:


read- reads


,


swim-swims


以


s


,


x


,


sh


,


ch


,


o


结尾,加


es


如:


wash- washes


,


watch- watches


,


do-does



以


辅音字母+


y


结尾,变


y


为


i

,再加


es


如:


study- studies


,


fly-flies




•



•



不规则变化



如:


have-has



4


、一般现在时的句型转换:



肯定句



They


watch


TV


every day.


She


watches


TV


every day.



现在进行时



1


、定义:表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有


now

< br>,


look


,


listen


等词。



如:


I am washing clothes now.


Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree.


Listen! Jane is singing in the music room.


2


、构成:


be


动词(


am/is/ar e


)


+


动词现在分词(


V-ing


)



3


、


动词现在分词


构成:



否定句



They


don’t watch


TV


every day.


She


doesn’t



watch



TV every day.


一般疑问句及回答



—


Do


they


watch


TV every day?


—


Yes, they


do


. / No, they


don’t


.


—



Does


she


watch


TV every day?


—


Yes, she


does


. / No, she


doesn’t


.


•



一般是在动词原形后加


ing


如:


read- reading


,


drink- drinking


,


eat- eating


,


look-looking


•



以不发音的


e


结尾的动词,去掉


e


,再加


ing


如:


write- writing


,


make- making


,


ride- riding


,


take-taking


•



以重读闭音节结尾,如末尾只有一 个辅音字母,要双写这个字母,再加


ing


如:


sit- sitting


,


swim- swimming


,


put- putting


,


run- running


,


stop-stopping


,


get-


getting


,


begin- beginning


,


jog- jogging


,


forget-forgetting


4


、


动名词


其实就 是动词的现在分词,它既有名词性质(可作主语),又有动词性质(可带宾


语)。



如:


Asking the way


My hobby is collecting stamps.


He is good at skating.


5


、现在进行时的句型转换:





肯定句



He


is running


now.


否定句



一般疑问句及回答



—


Is


he


running


now?


He


isn’t running


now.



—


Yes, he


is


. / No, he


isn’t


.


They


aren’t making



a puppet.


—



Are


they


making


a puppet?



—


Yes, they


are


. / No, they


aren’t


.


They


are making



a puppet.


一般过去时



1


、定义:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:


a moment ago


,


just now


,


yesterday


,


last week


,


this morning


等。



如:


My brother often went to school by bike last term.


The watch was beside the diary a moment ago.


I watched the moon and ate the moon cakes last Mid- Autumn Festival.


Jim went to the supermarket yesterday.


2


、构成:


主语


+


动词的过去式

< br>+


其他



3

、


动词过去式


的变化规则:



•



•



•



一般在动词原形末尾加


ed


如:


play- played


,


listen- listened


,


look-looked


结尾是


e


的动词,加


d



如:


live- lived


,


like- liked


,


taste-tasted

辅音字母+


y


结尾的动词,变


y< /p>


为


i


,再加


ed



如:


study- studied


,


carry- carried


,


cry-cried


•



•




末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写这个辅音字母, 再加


ed



如:

stop-


stopped


,


pl an-planned


•



•




不规则变化



如:



am/is-was are-were have/has-had do-did


go-went sit-sat tell-told see-saw


get-got make-made give-gave read-read


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