上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结精选文档

温柔似野鬼°
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2021年02月20日 23:42
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2021年2月20日发(作者:我18岁)





















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上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结



一般现在时



1


、定义:表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有


usually

< p>


often



ever y day



sometimes


,< /p>


always



at weekends



on Sundays


等表示经常性时间的短语。



2


、构成:



1


)当谓语是


be


动词


时,一般现在时的构成:


主语+


be

< br>动词+其他



如:


I am a student.


He is


Jim’s father.



They are from Japan.


2


)当谓语是


行为动词


时,一般现在时的构成:




主语


(非第三人称单数)


+动词原形+其他



如:


I often watch TV at the weekends.



Mr Green and Mrs Green like collecting stamps.



主语


(第三人称单数)


+动词的第三人 称单数形式+其他



如:


Jim usually visits his grandparents on Sundays.


She sometimes goes to the park with her mother.



3



动词三单形式


的变化规则:


















一般情况下,直接加


s


如:


read- reads



swim-swims



s



x



sh



ch



o


结尾,加


es


如:


wash- washes



watch- watches



do-does




辅音字母+


y


结尾,变


y



i

,再加


es


如:


study- studies



fly-flies








不规则变化



如:


have-has



4


、一般现在时的句型转换:



肯定句



They


watch


TV


every day.


She


watches


TV


every day.



现在进行时



1


、定义:表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有


now

< br>,


look



listen


等词。



如:


I am washing clothes now.


Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree.


Listen! Jane is singing in the music room.


2


、构成:


be


动词(


am/is/ar e



+


动词现在分词(


V-ing




3



动词现在分词


构成:



否定句



They


don’t watch


TV


every day.


She


doesn’t



watch



TV every day.


一般疑问句及回答




Do


they


watch


TV every day?



Yes, they


do


. / No, they


don’t


.




Does


she


watch


TV every day?



Yes, she


does


. / No, she


doesn’t


.




一般是在动词原形后加


ing


如:


read- reading



drink- drinking



eat- eating



look-looking




以不发音的


e


结尾的动词,去掉


e


,再加


ing


如:


write- writing



make- making



ride- riding



take-taking




以重读闭音节结尾,如末尾只有一 个辅音字母,要双写这个字母,再加


ing


如:


sit- sitting



swim- swimming



put- putting



run- running



stop-stopping



get-


getting



begin- beginning



jog- jogging



forget-forgetting


4



动名词


其实就 是动词的现在分词,它既有名词性质(可作主语),又有动词性质(可带宾


语)。



如:


Asking the way


My hobby is collecting stamps.


He is good at skating.


5


、现在进行时的句型转换:





肯定句



He


is running


now.


否定句



一般疑问句及回答




Is


he


running


now?


He


isn’t running


now.




Yes, he


is


. / No, he


isn’t


.


They


aren’t making



a puppet.




Are


they


making


a puppet?




Yes, they


are


. / No, they


aren’t


.


They


are making



a puppet.


一般过去时



1


、定义:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:


a moment ago



just now



yesterday



last week



this morning


等。



如:


My brother often went to school by bike last term.


The watch was beside the diary a moment ago.


I watched the moon and ate the moon cakes last Mid- Autumn Festival.


Jim went to the supermarket yesterday.


2


、构成:


主语



动词的过去式

< br>+


其他



3


动词过去式


的变化规则:









一般在动词原形末尾加


ed


如:


play- played



listen- listened



look-looked


结尾是


e


的动词,加


d



如:


live- lived



like- liked



taste-tasted

辅音字母+


y


结尾的动词,变


y< /p>



i


,再加


ed



如:


study- studied



carry- carried



cry-cried







末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写这个辅音字母, 再加


ed



如:

stop-


stopped



pl an-planned







不规则变化



如:



am/is-was are-were have/has-had do-did


go-went sit-sat tell-told see-saw


get-got make-made give-gave read-read


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