小学英语语法入门
-
-
小学英语语法入门（一）
接数字要大写首字母的单词
有些单词接数字时必须大写首字母
，并且数字的首字母也要大写，这样的单词有
lesson<
/p>
、
grade
、
class
、
team
、
row
、
number
等。
如
Lesson
One
第一课，
Class
Two,
Grade
Three
三年级二班，
Team
F
our
第四组，
Number
Five
第五号。但是它们不接数字时不大写首字母。
Be
动词的一般用法
be
动词
包括
am
、
is
、
are,
其用法如下：
1.
<
/p>
am
只用于
I
的
后面，如：
I
am
a
girl.
I
am
ten.
2.
is
只
用于
she/he/it
或其他单数第三人称后面，如：
It
is
a
big
apple.
A
girl
is
in
a
bus.(a
girl
一个女孩，单独一个人是单
数第三人称
)
Mike
is
in
Team
Three.(Mike<
/p>
一个人名是单数第三人称
)
An
apple
is
in
a
box.(an
apple
一个苹果，一个东西是单数第三人称
)
A
book
is
in
a
desk.(a
book
一本书，也是单数第三人称
)
3.
<
/p>
are
只用于
you
、
we
、
they
或复数人称后面。如：
You
are
Number
Thirteen.
They
are
in
Grade
Nine.
We
are
at
home.
Mike
and
a
girl
are
in
a
bus.
(Mike
和一个女孩指的是两个人，是复数人称
)
Six
boys
are
in
Team
Six.
< br>（
Six
boys
六个男孩，多于两个人也是复数人称）
A
book
and
a
box
are
on
a
desk.
（
A
book
and
a
box
一本书和一个盒子，两个物是复数人称）
Three
pencils
are
in
the
pencil-
box.
（
Three
pencils
三支铅笔，多于两个物也是复数人称）
如何变一般疑问句（一）
1.
提前
原句中的
be
动词
is
、
are
，
Be
动词首字母要大写，原句首字母恢复小写，照抄剩余部
分，然后加问号。举例
如下：
⑴
Tom
is
in
Grade
One.
Is
Tom
in
Grade
One?
Yes,
he
is.
/
No,
he
isn
’
t.
⑵
This
is
an
egg
Is
this
an
egg?
Yes,
it
is.
/
No,
it
isn
’
t.(an
egg
是物，所以用
it
来回答
)<
/p>
总结
-
⑶
That
is
Rose
Is
that
Rose?
Yes,
she
is.
/
No,
she
isn
’
t.
（
Rose
< br>是女孩，所以用
she
回答）
⑷
This
is
Tom
Is
this
Tom?
Yes,
he
is.
/No,
he
isn
’
t.
（
Tom
是男孩，所以用
he
回答）
⑸
They
are
in
Class
Nine.
Are
they
in
Class
Nine?
Yes,
they
are.
/
No,
they
aren
< br>’
t.
⑹
A
cat
and
a
dog
are
on
the
floor.
Are
a
cat
and
a
dog
on
the
floor?
Yes,
they
are.
/
No,
they
aren
< br>’
t.
⑺
Many
birds
are
flying
in
the
sky.
Are
many
birds
flying
in
the
sky?
Yes,
they
are.
/
No,
they
aren
< br>’
t.
2.
提前情态动词
can
，举例如下：
⑴
She
can
spell
clock.
Can
she
spell
clock?
Yes,
she
can.
/
No,
she
can
’
t.
⑵
Max
can
say
the
numbers.
Can
Max
say
the
numbers?
Yes,
he
can.
/
No,
he
can
’
t.
⑶
They
can
speak
very
good
English.
Can
they
speak
very
good
English?
Yes,
they
can.
/
No,
they
can
’
t.
如何变一般疑问句（二）
变一般疑问句，所涉及的所有第一人称都要改成第二人称（特
殊除外）
。即：
I(me)
you,
we(us)
you,
am
are,
myyour,
mine
yours.
1.
I
am
Number
Six.
Are
you
Number
Six?
Yes,
I
am.
/
No,
I
’
m
not.
2.
We
are
in
Team
Four.
Are
you
in
Team
Four?
Yes,
we
are.
/
No,
we
aren
’
t.
3.
This
is
myclassroom.
Is
this
yourlassroom?
Yes,
it
is.
/
No,
it
isn
’
t.
练习：变一般疑问句
1.
We
are
in
the
same
grade.
2.
I
am
in
Class
Six.
3.
That
is
my
sister.
总结
-
练习：变一般疑问句并作两种回答
1.
Eve
is
in
a
bus.
2.
This
is
an
orange.
3.
That
is
Mrs
Zhang.
4.
This
is
Mr
Hu.
5.
Kate
can
ride
a
bike.
6.
Tom
and
a
girl
are
in
the
classroom.
7.
They
are
Japanese.
8.
Lucy
and
Lily
can
speak
Chinese.
如何变一般疑问句（三）
一、如果句中谓语动词是
have/has
got
，则提前
have/has
。
（注
意：有
some
要改成
any,
有第一
人称要改成第二人称，有第二人称要
改成第一人称。
）
1.
I
’
ve
got
a
knife.
Have
you
got
a
knife?
Yes,
I
have.
/
No,
I
haven
’
t.
2.
Tom
’
s
got
some
good
friends.
Has
Tom
got
any
good
friends?
Yes,
he
has.
/
No,
he
hasn
’
t.
练习一：将下列句子变一般疑问句并作两种回答。
1.
<
/p>
Simon
’
s
got
some
postcards
from
Mexico.
2.
Laura
’
s
got
a
violin.
3.
I
’
ve
got
a
piano.
4.
She
’
s
got
a
knife
and
fork
and
chopsticks.
二、如果句中谓语动词是动词原形，则在句首加
do
；如果句中谓语动词是第三人称单数，则
在句首
加
does
，
原动词第三人称单数恢复
原形；
如果句中谓语动词是过去式，
则在句首加
did
，
原动词过去式恢复原形。
1.
I
often
sing
songs
on
Flag
Day.
Do
you
often
sing
songs
on
Flag
Day?
Yes,
I
do.
/
No,
I
don
’
t.
2.
Kate
always
has
Easter
Eggs
on
Easter.
Does
Kate
always
have
Easter
Eggs
on
Easter?
Yes,
she
does.
/
No,
she
doesn
< br>’
t.
3.
We
ate
zongzi
last
Dragon
Boat
Festival.
Did
you
eat
zongzi
last
Dragon
Boat
Festival?
Yes,
we
did.
/
No,
we
didn
’
t.
总结
-
4.
I
’
m
eating
delicious
moon
cakes
now.
Are
you
eating
delicious
moon
cakes
now?
Yes,
I
am.
/
No,
I
’
m
not.
5.
Father
Christmas
often
gives
you
presents
on
Christmas.
Does
Father
Christmas
often
give
us
presents
on
Christmas?
Yes,
he
does.
/
No,
he
doesn
’
t.
练习二：将下列句子变一般疑问句并作两种回答。
1.
I
sometimes
get
up
at
6:00.
2.
Rose
never
dances
on
Halloween.
3.
They
watched
a
big
football
game
last
Thanksgiving.
4.
Tom
and
Mike
are
swimming
in
the
lake.
5.
Santa
Claus
always
gives
you
presents
on
Christmas.
变特殊疑问句一般分三步：
第一步：根据划线部分确定疑问词。
第二步：将原句变成一般疑问句。
第三步：去掉划线部分，并加问号。
三步当中以第一步最难确定，现总结如下：
如何变特殊疑问句（一）
1.
对姓名提问用
What
，例如
⑴
His
name
is
Max.
What
’
s
/
What
is
his
name?
⑵
Her
name
is
Rose.
What
’
s
/
What
is
her
name?
2.
对物
提问用
What
，例如
⑴
It
is
a
banana.
What
’
s
/What
is
it?
⑵
This
is
a
pear.
What
’
s
/
What
is
this?
⑶
That
is
a
chick.
总结
-
What
’
s
/
What
is
that?
3.
对年级提问用
What
grade
，例如
⑴
Tom
is
in
Grade
Six.
What
grade
is
Tom
in?
⑵
She
is
in
Grade
Nine.
What
grade
is
she
in?
练习：变特殊疑问句
1.
That
is
a
bag.
2.
His
name
is
Sam.
3.
This
is
a
blackboard.
4.
Amy
is
in
Grade
Eight.
5.
He
is
in
Grade
Seven.
如何变特殊疑问句（二）
1.
对班级提问用
What
class
⑴
Tom
is
in
Class
One,
Grade
Two.
What
class
is
Tom
in?
⑵
I
am
in
Class
Six,
Grade
Three.
What
class
are
you
in?
⑶
We
are
in
Class
Four,
Grade
Six.
What
class
are
you
in?
2.
对组、队提问用
What
team
⑴
I
am
in
Team
Nine.
What
team
are
you
in?
⑵
We
are
in
Team
Ten.
What
team
are
you
in?
⑶
Lingling
is
in
Team
Eleven.
What
team
is
Lingling
in?
练习：变特殊疑问句
总结
-
1.
Daming
is
in
Team
Twelve.
2.
I
’
m
in
Class
Six,
Grade
Nine.
3.
We
are
in
Team
Five.
选择疑问句
选择疑
问句是由一般疑问句
+or+
其他构成的供选择的句子。
1.
Is
this
a
pen
or
a
pencil?
It
’
s
a
pen.
2.
Are
you
English
or
American?
I
’
m
an
American.
(
注意：
1
，择疑问句
or
前面的单词要读声调，
or
后面的要读降调。
2
，择疑问句不能用
yes
或
no
回答，只能在
or
前后选择。
)
练习：将下列句子与所给成分合并为选择疑问句并适当回答
1.
Are
you
in
Class
One?(Class
Two)
2.
Can
you
speak
Chinese?(Japanese)
3.
Do
you
like
playing
basketball?(football)
4.
Would
you
like
some
milk?(some
juice)
5.
Is
he
Tom?(Sam)
如何变特殊疑问句（三）
1.
对人
提问用
Who
，对人名提问用
what
(
一句话中有单词
< br>name
，并在
name
下划线
，疑问词就要用
What
；如果没有单词
name
，并在
人名下划线，疑问词就要用
< br>Who
。
)
⑴
She
is
Kate.
Who
is
she?
⑵
Her
name
is
Kate.
What
is
her
name?
⑶
This
boy
is
Jim.
Who
is
this
boy?
⑷
His
name
is
Jim.
What
is
his
name?
⑸
That
woman
is
Ms
Smart.
总结
-
Who
is
that
woman?
⑹
Her
name
is
Ms
Smart.
What
is
her
name?
2.
对年龄提问用
How
old
⑴
.
She
is
nine.
How
old
is
she?
⑵
.
Eve
is
ten.
How
old
is
Eve?
3.
对排、行提问用
What
row
⑴
.
Mike
is
in
Row
Nine.
What
row
is
Mike
in?
⑵
.
He
is
in
Row
Five.
What
row
is
he
in?
⑶
.
I
’
m
in
Row
Four.
What
row
are
you
in?
4.
对地点提问用
Where
⑴
.
Mike
is
on
the
hill.
Where
is
Mike?
⑵
.
The
cat
is
in
the
box.
Where
is
the
cat?
⑶
.
A
pear
is
on
the
chair.
Where
is
the
pear?(
上句出现
a
，下句用
the
特指
)
练习：变特殊疑问句
1.
Coy
is
in
a
bus.
2.
Laura
is
in
Row
Five.
3.
Rose
is
twelve.
4.
The
girl
is
Lucy.
5.
I
am
at
school.
6.
That
man
is
Mr
Hu.
7.
I
’
m
twenty.
8.
A
woman
is
in
the
room.
总结
-
9.
Her
name
is
Lucy.
10.
I
am
Mr
Wang.
如何变特殊疑问句（四）
一
.
对长度提问用
How
long
1.
The
Great
Wall
is
thousands
of
kilometers.
How
long
is
the
Great
Wall?
2.
The
Changjiang
River
is
about
twelve
thousand
Li
long.
How
long
is
the
Changjiang
River?
二
.
对人口数量提问用
How
big
is+
地名？
1.
Beijing
has
got
about
14
million
people.
How
big
is
Beijing?
2.
New
York
has
got
8
million
people.
How
big
is
New
York?
练习：
1.
The
Yellow
River
is
about
5thousand
4hundred
kilometers
long.
2.
Shanghai
has
got
about
17
million
people.
3.
Heilongjiang
is
about
four
thousand
three
hundred
kilometers
long.
4.
San
Francisco
has
got
about
eight
hundred
thousand
people.
如何变特殊疑问句（五）
一、对时间提问用
When
。
1.
Christmas
is
on
December
25th
When
is
Christmas?
2.
April
Fools
’
Day
is
on
April
1st
When
is
April
Fools
’
Day?
练习一：对划线部分提问
1.
Halloween
is
on
October
31st.
总结
-
2.
Easter
Sunday
is
on
the
first
Sunday
after
April
21st.
3.
Children
’
s
Day
is
on
June
1st.
4.
Thanksgiving
is
on
the
fourth
Thursday
in
November.
二、对数量提问用
How
many+
可数名词复数或
How
much
+
不可数名词。
1.
I
can
see
three
birds
in
the
sky.
How
many
birds
can
you
see
in
the
sky?
2.
I
’
ve
got
two
brothers.
How
many
brothers
have
you
got?
3.
There
are
twenty-
six
girls
in
Class
Four.
How
many
girls
are
there
in
Class
4?
4.
There
is
some
bread
in
the
bag.
How
much
bread
is
there
in
the
bag?
5.
She
’
s
got
a
lot
of
apples.
How
many
apples
has
she
got?
练习二：对划线部分提问
1.
There
are
thirty-
three
boys
in
Grade
9.
2.
I
’
ve
got
lots
of
toys.
3.
There
is
some
juice
in
the
bottle.
4.
He
’
s
got
a
lot
of
stamps.
5.
I
can
see
many
monkeys
in
the
zoo.
6.
There
are
lots
of
festivals
in
America.
三、对所做事情提问用
What
。
（注意：如
果划线部分是动词原形、第三人称单数或过去式，都要用
do
替
代划线部分；如
果划线部分是动词现在分词，则用
doing<
/p>
替代划线部分。
）
1.
We
carry
flags
on
Flag
Day.
What
do
you
do
on
Flag
Day?
2.
He
has
a
special
meal
on
the
Spring
Festival.
What
does
he
do
on
the
Spring
Festival?
3.
She
is
singing
songs
now.
What
is
she
doing
now?
4.
The
cat
ate
a
bird
last
night.
总结
-
What
did
the
cat
do
last
night?
练习三：对划线部分提问
1.
They
often
watch
TV
on
Saturdays.
2.
I
’
m
playing
computer
games
now.
3.
She
goes
to
school
from
Monday
to
Friday.
4.
I
visited
my
relatives
last
Spring
Festival.
5.
We
are
seeing
the
dragon
dance.
6.
He
ate
lots
of
moon
cakes
last
Mid-
autumn
Day.
7.
We
see
lanterns
on
Lantern
Festival.
8.
We
eat
jiaozi
on
Spring
Festival.
9.
We
say
“
Thank
you.
”
on
Thanksgiving.
10.
They
give
Easter
Eggs
to
each
others
on
Easter.
四、对职业提问用
What
be
+sb?
/
What
’
s
sb
’
s
job?
/
What
do(es)
sb
do?
1.
She
is
a
teacher.
What
is
she?
/
What
’
s
her
job?
/
What
does
she
do?
2.
I
’
m
a
doctor.
What
are
you?
/
What
’
s
your
job?
/
What
do
you
do?
练习四：对划线部分提问
1.
Lily
is
a
student.
2.
Mr
Smart
is
a
driver.
3.
We
are
pupils.
4.
They
are
teachers.
英语中的打电话
英语中的打电话，通常是接电话者
自报号码，如
Hello,
89321204.
我是
XXX
，不说
I
’
m
…，而
说
This
is
…
。你是
X
XX
吗？不用
Are
you
…？而说
Is
that
…？你是谁？不用
Who
are
you?
而说
Who
’
s
that?
人名
+<
/p>
’
s
的用法（一）
1.
人名
+
’
s<
/p>
是人名与
is
的缩写
,
表示
XXX
是……。
⑴
.
Tom
’
s
at
home.
(Tom
是在家
)
总结
-
⑵
.
Kate
’
s
in
a
<
/p>
bus.
（
Kate
是在公共汽车上）
2.
人名
+
’
s
是名词
所有格，表示
XXX
的。
⑴
.
Mike
’
s
pen
is
in
the
pencil-box.
（
Mike
的钢笔是在文具盒里）
⑵
.
Coy
’
s
home
is
in
England.
（
Coy
的家是在
England
）
3.
人名
+
’
s
是
人名与
has
的缩写，表示
XXX
有……。
⑴
.
Simon
’
s
gota
big
< br>bag.(Simon
有一个大书包。
)
⑵
.
Lily
’
s
got
a
brother
and
two
sisters.(Lily
有一个哥哥和两个妹妹。
)
练习：翻译下列句子
1.
Tom
’
s
dad
is
at
home.
2.
Jim
’
s
at
home
today.
3.
I
’
m
Jim
’
s
dad.
4.
Eve
’
s
on
a
hill.
5.
Li
Lei
’
s
got
a
pet
dog.
6.
Kate
’
s
in
a
bus.
7.
Mike
’
s
pen
is
in
the
pencil-box.
8.
Coy
’
s
home
is
in
England.
9.
Lucy
’
s
got
a
good
father.
10.
Tom
’
s
at
home.
总结
-
小学英语语法入门（二）
名词复数
一、规则变化：
1.
<
/p>
一般在名词词尾加
s
，如：
a
desk
→
two
desks
, an
apple
→
three
apples
2.
以
s<
/p>
、
x
结尾的在名词词尾加
es
，如：
a
box
→
four
boxes
,
a
bus
→
five
buses
二、名词复数的读音
1.
加在清辅音后面的
s
发
s
，如：
desk
→
desks,map
→
maps
2.
加在浊辅音后面
的
s
发
z
，如
：
egg
→
eggs,girl
→
girls
3.
加在元音后面的
s
发，如：
car
→
cars,tree
→
< br>trees
4.
加在
s
、
x
后的
es
发，如：
bus
→
b
uses, box
→
boxes
5
.
加在音素后与其合发，如：
cat
→
cats
6.
加在音素后与其合发，
如：
bed
→
beds
7.
加在音素后发，如：
orange
→
oranges
练习
：将下列名词变复数并标注所加的
s
或
es
的发音
cakedesk
jeep
book
mapbike
clock
cup
girl
lesson
apple
egg
pen
pencil
eraser
boy
tree
picture
ruler
car
dress
fox
bus
box
boat
catfriend
bird
orange
三、不规则名词复数：
man-
men,
woman-women,
policeman-policemen,
policewoman-policewomen,
mouse-mice
,
child-children
,foot-feet,
tooth-teeth
,fish-fish,
people-people,
Chinese-Chinese,
Japanese-Japanes
e
代词<
/p>
(
一
)
人称代词主格
你我他她它你们我们
他
/
她
/
它们
↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓
you
I
he
she
it
you
we
they
总结
-
人称代词宾格
你
我
他
她
它
你们
我们
他
/
她
/
它们
↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓
youmehimher
it
you
us
them
形容词性物主代词
你的我的他的她的它的你们的我们的他
/
她
/
它们的
↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓
yourmyhisher
its
your
our
their
名词性物主代词
你的
我的
他的
她的
它的
你们的
我们的
他
/
她
/
它们的
↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓
yours
mine
his
hers
its
yours
ourstheirs
1.
人称代词主格用在动词前，做动
作的执行者，在句中作主语。
I
look.
He
can
see
a
bird.
Theyhave
a
good
teacher.
2.
人称
代词宾格用在动词或介词后，做动作的承受者，在句中作宾语。
Look
at
me,
please.
I
can
see
her
in
the
bus.
Please
ask
them
3.
形容
词性物主代词相当于一个形容词，主要用在名词前修饰、限制名词，但是不可单独使
用。
This
is
myfriend.
That
’
s
your
orange.
Hername
is
Rose.
Miss
Li
is
ourteacher.
Those
are
their
bananas.
4.
名词
性物主代词相当于一个名词，可用于动词前或动词后，可单独使用。
This
is
my
desk.=
This
desk
is
mine
A:
Those
are
their
apples.
Where
are
ours?
B:
Yours
are
in
the
box.
总结
-
练习一：完成下表
人称代词主格：你我她
他
它
你们
我们
他（它）
（她）们
人称代词宾格：你
我
她
他
它
你们
我们
他（它）
（她）们
名词性物主代词：我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他（她）
（它）们的
练习二：根据汉语提示完成下列各题
1.
sing,
dance
all
day.
This
is
life.(
< br>我
)
2.
is
English.
name
is
Jack.
(
他
)
3.
is
Rose
and
this
isdesk.,
That
chair
is,
too.
(
她
)
4.
ask
me,
I
ask
.
(
他们
)
5.
can
ride
a
bike?
This
is
bike.
That
bike
isn
’
t
.
(
你
)
6.
is
a
cat.
name
is
Tam.
Can
you
see
in
the
picture?
(
它
)
7.
Look
at
,
please.
are
Chinese.
Miss
Li
is
English
teacher.
(
我们
)
hun
dred
、
thousand
、
million
、
billion
当
hun
dred
、
thousand
、
million
、
billion
前面有具体数量词的时候，它们是数量词，
没有复数
变
化，如
:
a
thousand,
three
thousand,
eight
million
等；当它们前面没有具体的数量词时，则它们
是名词，总以
复数形式
出现，表示数量之多，但不确定，一定要与介词
of
构成短语之后才能
修饰名词
,
如：
hundreds
of
boys
数百男孩，
thousands
of
birds
数千只鸟，
millions
of
people
数百万人，
If
I
had
billions
and
billions
of
dollars
（数十亿美元）
,
I
will
buy
you
everything
you
want...
but
that's
impossible...
haha.
练习：选择正确答案
1.
There
are
volunteers
in
Beijing
2008
Olympic
Games.
A.
ten
millions
B.
ten
millions
of
C.
millions
of
D.
million
of
2.
Manytrees
should
be
planted
on
the
mountains.
A.
thousand
B.
thousand
of
C.
thousandsD.
thousands
of
3.
More
than
five
_____
people
are
there.
A.
thousands
B.
thousand
C.
thousands
of
总结
-
4.---
How
many
people
will
come
to
Beijing
for
the
Olympic
Games
in
2008?
---
It's
hard
to
say.
_______
people,
I
think.
A.
Million
of
B.
Millions
of
C.
Two
millions
of
D.
Two
million
of
基数词
基数词是表示数量的词，如下：
onetwothreefour
five
……
.
Hundredthousandmillion
1.
几十几用整十加连字符“
-
”再加几，
如：
34
：
thirty-
four
98
：
ninety-
eight
2.
几百几十几用几百
and
几十
几，
如：
112
：
a
hundred
and
twelve
375
：
three
hundred
and
seventy-
five
序数词
1.
序数词是表示顺序的词，如下：
first
第一，
< br>second
第二，
third
第三，
fourth
第四
……
.
2.
基数词变序数词，一般都在基数词词尾加
t
h
，其规律如下：
一二三要全变，
（
< br>one
→
first
，
two
→
second
，
three
→
third
）
其余将
th
加后边，
（
four
→
fourth
，
fifty-
seven
→
fifty-
seventh
）
th
变化有特例，
（如下）
八减
t
，
（<
/p>
eight
→
eighth
）
九去
e
，
（
nine
→
ninth
）
ty
改成
t
ie
，
（
twenty
→
twentieth
，
ni
nety
→
ninetieth
）
ve
变
f
再加
th
。
（
five
→
fif
th
，
twelve
→
twelfth
）
基数词变序数词记忆口诀：
基变序，
有规律，词尾加上
th
。
一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母
t
，
d
，
d
。
< br>
总结
-
八去
t
，
九除
e
，
ve
要用
f
替，
ty
将
y
变成
i
，
th
前面有个
e
。
若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序
小学英语语法入门（三）
方位名词与方位介词
1.
方位名词
N
means
north,
S
means
south,
W
means
west
and
E
mean
s
east.
NE
means
northeast,
SE
means
southeast,
NW
mea
ns
northwest
and
SW
means
southwest.
mean
代表，意思是
north
北
south
南
west
西
east
< br>东
2.
方位介词：包含
in
，接壤
on
，相望
to
⑴
.
B
is
in
the
north
of
A.
(B
在
A
的北
部
)
⑵
.
C
is
in
the
west
of
A.
(C
在
A
的西
部
)
⑶
.
F
is
on
the
north
of
A.
(F
在Ａ的北边
)
⑷
.
I
is
on
the
south
of
G.(
Ｉ在Ｇ的南边
)
⑸
.
G
is
to
the
west
of
A.
(
Ｇ在Ａ的西边
)
⑹
.
H
is
to
the
east
of
A.
(
Ｈ在Ａ的东边
)
练习一：翻译下列句子
１
北京在中国的北部。
2.
上海在中国的东部。
3.
旧金山在美国的西部。
4.
海南在中国的南部。
5.
日本在中国的东边。
6.
Russia
< br>（俄罗斯）在中国的北边。
练习二：看右图，用正确的方位名词或方位介词填空。
1.
E
is
thesouth
of
A.
2.
D
is
in
the
of
A.
3.
G
is
the
north
of
I.
4.
G
is
the
west
of
C.
5.
J
is
the
northeast
of
A.
总结
-
There
be
句型
一、
There
be+sb
（某人）
/sth
（某
物）
+someplace
（某处）
，
表示在某地有某人或某物。当
be
后
是单数名词时，
be
用
is
，后面是复数名词时
be
用
are
。
1.
There
is
a
bird
in
the
tree.
(
在树上有一只鸟。
)
2.
There
is
a
book
on
the
desk.
(
在桌子上有一本书。
)
3.
There
are
two
boys
on
the
hill.
(
在山上有两个男孩。
)
练习一：仿照例句翻译下列句子
1.
There
is
a
pencil
in
the
pencil-box.
2.
There
are
some
footballs
on
the
playground.
3.
在桌子里有一个书包。
4.
在椅子上有一个茶杯。
5.
在六年二班有
< br>27
个女孩。
二、
There
be+sb/sth+doing+someplace.
表示有某人或某物正在某地做某事。
1.
There
is
a
man
swimming
in
the
river.
(
有一个男人正在河里游泳。
)
2.
There
are
some
people
riding
bicycles.
(
有一些人正在骑自行车。
)
练习二：翻译下列句子
1.
There
is
a
girl
reading
a
book
under
the
tree.
2.
There
is
a
woman
listening
to
music.
3.
There
are
two
teachers
talking
in
the
office.
4.
There
is
a
man
sitting
on
the
chair.
三、
There
be
句型变一般疑问句，只需要提前
be
，但有
some
< br>要改成
any
。
1.
There
are
some
pears
in
the
bag.
总结
-
Are
there
any
pears
in
the
bag?
Yes,
there
are./No,
there
aren
’
t.
2.
There
is
a
dog
playing
with
Coy.
Is
there
a
dog
playing
with
Coy?
Yes,
there
is.
/No,
there
isn
’
t.
练习三：变一般疑问句并作两种回答
1.
There
is
a
Chinatown
in
America.
2.
There
is
some
water
in
Mars.
3.
There
are
some
oranges
in
your
bag.
四、对此句型中的人提问用
Who
’<
/p>
s+someplace?
对物提问用
What
’
s
+someplace?
（注意：不论原句中
be
动词是单数还是复数，对人对物提问一律用
is<
/p>
）
1.
There
is
a
little
girl
in
the
room.
Who
’
s
in
the
room?
2.
There
are
some
birds
in
the
tree.
What
’
s
in
the
tree?
练习四：变特殊疑问句
1.
There
is
a
man
talking
to
Mr
Li.
2.
There
are
some
books
in
my
bag.
3.
There
is
a
postcard
on
the
desk.
4.
There
are
some
people
talking
under
the
tree.
五、对地点提问用
Where
+is/are
+sb/sth?
1
There
are
two
boys
in
the
classroom.
Where
are
the
two
boys?
2.
There
is
a
cat
on
the
bed.
Where
is
the
cat?
(
注意：
对地点提问时
be
动词要和原句保持一致。
原句中人或物如果是复数，
变特殊疑问句时
要在数字前加
the
，如果是单数要把
a/an
改成
the
,
如果有
some
，
< br>lots
of
，
a
lot
of
，
many
等都要
改成
the
。
)
练习五：变特殊疑问句
1.
There
is
an
orange
on
the
chair.
2.
There
are
four
girls
in
the
classroom.
3.
There
is
a
woman
in
the
bus.
4.
There
are
a
Chinatown
in
America.
总结
-
5.
There
are
lots
of
boys
and
girls
on
the
playground.
小学英语语法入门（四）
一、动词的现在分词变化
动词的现在分词变化规则如下：
1
．一般
情况下，直接加
ing
，如：
cook
-cooking
2
．以不发音的
e
结尾，去
e
加
ing
，如：
make-making,
taste-
tasting
3
．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加
ing
，如：
run-running,
stop-stopping
练习、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play___
run___
swim
____make___
go___
like____
write___ski____
read___
have___
sing
___da
nce___
put___
see___
buy
___
love____
live___
take___
come
___
get___
stop__
sit
___
现在进行时
现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发
生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在
进行的动作。在小学与初中阶段
现在进行时常会伴随这样的标志词：
Look
！
Listen!
Now.
1
．现在
进行时的肯定句基本结构为
be+
动词现在分词（
doing
）
⑴
.
Look!
She
is
dancing
in
the
classroom.
⑵
.
Listen!
Rose
is
singing.
⑶
.
Now
we
are
doing
our
homework.
2
．现在进行时的否定句在
be
后加
not
。
⑴
.
I
am
not
running
now.
I
’
m
riding.
⑵
.
They
aren
’
t
playing
the
violin.
They
are
playing
the
guitar.
3
．现在进行时的一般疑问句把
be
动词调到句首。
总结