Sentence Types
-
Sentence Types
1.
simple
sentences,
2.
compound sentences,
3.
complex
sentences, and
4.
compound-
complex sentences.
I. Simple Sentences
e.g.
Freshwatear boils at 100 degrees Celsius at sea
level.
Freshwater boils at 100 degrees
and freezes at 0 degrees Celsius.
Freshwater and salt water do not boil
and do not freeze at the same temperature.
II. Compound sentences
In
compound sentences, two or more ideas in a
sentence are equally important in
meaning.
a.
With a
coordinator
Salt water boils at a
higher temperature than freshwater, so food cooks
faster in
salt water.
b.
With a
conjuctive adverb
e.g.
Salt
water
boils
at
a
higher
temperature
than
freshwater;
therefore,
food
cooks faster in salt
water.
c. With a semicolon
e.g. Salt water boils at a higher
temperature than freshwater; food cooks faster in
salt water.
a.
With
Coordinators
FAN BOYS (For, And, Nor,
But, Or, Yet, So)
1.
for (to add a reason)
Japanese people live longer than most
other nationalities, for they eat healthful
diets.
2.
and (to add a similar, equal idea)
They eat a lot of fish and vegetables,
and they eat lightly.
3.
nor (to add a negative equal idea)
e.g. They do not eat a lot of meat, nor
do they eat many dairy products.
4.
but
(to add an opposite idea)
e.g. Diet is one factor in how long
people live, but it is not the only factor.
I want to study
art, but my parents want me to study engineering.
(direct
opposite)
5.
or (to add an alternative
possibility)
e.g. However, people should limit the
amount of animal fat in their diets, or
they risk getting heart diseases.
6.
yet (to add an unexpected or surprising
continuation)
e.g.
Cigarette
smoking
is
a
factor
in
longevity,
yet
Japanese
and
other
long-lived Asians have
a very high rate of tobacco use.
I
am
very
bad
at
math,
yet
my
parents
want
me
to
study
engineering.
(surprising
continuation after
7.
so (to add an expected
result)
e.g. Doctors
say that stress is another longevity factor, so
try to avoid stress
if you wish to live
a longer life.
Task
Which coordinator would
you use to connect the two clauses in these
sentences?
1 a. Too much
sun damages the skin, many people still do not use
sunscreen.
b. Too much sun
damages the skin, too little sun also causes
health problems.
2 a. The
company's sales increased last year, its profits
declined.
b.
The
company
moved
its
marketing
division
to
Phoenix,
the
operations
division stayed
in Boston.
3 a. Population
growth has slowed in most developing countries,
____ it has not
slowed enough to avoid
serious problems.
b. The
fertility rate in India has decreased from 6 to 3
births per female, ____
India's
population is expanding at the rate of 18 million
per year.
Exercise:
For each pair of the
following sentences form a compound sentence by
joining the
two independent clauses
with a coordinator that best fits the meaning. Use
each
FAN
BOYS
coordinator
once.
Write
your
new
sentences
on
a
separate
sheet
of
paper,
and
punctuate
them
correctly.
The
first
one
has
been
done
for
you
as
an
example.
1.
Nuclear
accidents
can
happen.
Nuclear
power
plants
must
have
strict
safety
controls. Nuclear accidents can happen,
so nuclear power plants must have strict
safety controls.
2.
The
accident
at
the
nuclear
power
plant
at
Three
Mile
Island
in
the
United
States
created
fears
about
the
safety
of
this
energy
source.
The
disaster
at
Chernobyl in the former Soviet Union
confirmed them.
3. Solar
heating systems are economical to operate. The
cost of installation is very
high.
4.
Energy
needs
are
not
going
to
decrease.
Energy
sources
are
not
going
to
increase. (Use nor and question word
order in the second clause, deleting the word
not).
5. Burning
fossil fuels causes serious damage to our planet.
We need to develop
other sources of
energy.
6.
Ecologists
know
that
burning
fossil
fuels
causes
holes
in
the
ozone
layer.
People continue to do it
7. Developing nations especially will
continue this harmful practice. They do not
have the money to develop
8. All nations of the world must take
action. Our children and grandchildren will
suffer the consequences.