最新高考英语阅读理解题20套(带答案)
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最新高考英语阅读理解题
20
套
(
带答案
)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1
．
阅读理解
Taxi-booking app Uber agreed to
sell its business in China to Didi Chuxing. The
two firms had
been fierce competitors,
but Didi Chuxing had controlled the Chinese market
with an 87% share.
Uber
China launched in 2014, but it had failed to make
any profit for a long time. Cheng Wei,
founder and
chief executive
of
Didi Chuxing,
said
the
two
companies
had
learned a
great
deal
from each other over
the past two years in China. He added that the
deal would set the mobile
transportation industry on a healthier
path of growth at a higher level. As part of the
deal, Mr.
Cheng would join the board of
Uber, while Uber chief executive Travis Kalanick
would also join
Didi's
board.
Uber's
China
business
would
own
its
separate
branding
while
US-based
Uber
Technologies
would hold about 17.5% in the combined
company. Didi Chuxing is backed by Chinese
Internet
giants Tencent and
Alibaba.
Uber
had
been
struggling
to
break
into
the
Chinese
market
despite
having
Chinese
search
engine
Baidu
as
an
investor.
Last
February,
the
company
admitted
it
was
losing
more
than
$$1
billion
a
year
in
China.
“Funding
their
Chinese
dreams
was
becoming
too
expensive
for
Uber,”
Duncan Clark,
chairman of Beijing-based consultancy BDA, told
the BBC
. Travis Kalanick said, “As a
businessman,
I've
learned
that
being
successful
is
about
listening
to
your
head
as
well
as
following your
heart.”
The fierce
competition had led both companies to spend much
more on their journeys. The
combination
is likely to see fewer such
subsidies
（补贴）
. “One thing to
watch carefully is how
quickly
consumers feel the impact as subsidies are
withdrawn.” Mr. Clark added.
The deal with Didi Chuxing came
just days after China had agreed to provide a
legal framework
for taxi-ordering apps.
Both Uber and Didi welcomed the decision. The new
rules took effect last
November and
could, among other things, forbid such platforms
to operate below cost.
（
1
）
According to the
second paragraph, what can we know?
A. Being
successful
is
about
listening
to
your
head
and
following
your
heart.
B. The
deal
would
make the mobile transportation industry grow much
faster.
C. Didi Chuxing had
learnt more in China than Uber over the past two
years.
D. Mr. Cheng
would be working as a member of the
board of Uber as planned.
（<
/p>
2
）
What is the best
title of the passage?
A. Uber sold Chinese business to Didi
Chuxing
B. Using Didi Chuxing
brings more subsidies
C.
Listen to your head and follow your heart
D. The new rules took effect last
November
（
3
）
What is the impact of the fierce
competition between Uber and Didi?
A. Uber
dominated
the
Chinese
market
with
an
87%
share.
B. China
provided
a
legal
framework for taxi-ordering
apps.
C. Funding their
Chinese dreams became expensive for Uber.
D. Chinese search engine Baidu
became an investor of
Uber's.
（
4
）
The
passage is probably taken from a website about
________.
A.
apps B. politics
C. economy D.
technology
【答案】
（<
/p>
1
）
D
（
2
）
A
（
3
）
C
（
4
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报
道，优步将中国业务出售给滴滴出行。
(1)
考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“As part of the deal,
Mr. Cheng would join the board of Uber,
while Uber chief executive Travis
Kalanick would also join Didi's
board.”
可知，
Mr. Cheng
将按计
划担任优步董事会成员。故选
D
。
(2)
考查主旨大意。根据第
一段中的
“Taxi
-booking app Uber
agreed to sell its business in China
to
Didi Chuxing. The two firms had been fierce
competitors, but Didi Chuxing had controlled the
Chinese market with an 87% share.”
可知，优步将中国业务出售给滴滴出行。故选
A
。
(3)
考查细节理解。根据第四段中
的
“Funding their Chinese dreams was
becoming too expensive
for
Uber,”
可知，
优步和滴滴之间激烈竞争对优步来说，为他们的中国梦提供资金变得很昂
贵。故
选
C
。
(4
)
考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“Taxi
< br>-booking app Uber agreed to sell its business in China
to Didi Chuxing. The two firms
had been fierce competitors, but Didi Chuxing had
controlled the
Chinese market with an
87% share.”
可推知这篇文章很可能来自一个网址的
“
经济栏目
”
。故选
< br>C
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细
节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报
道，考生需要准确掌握细节
信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答
案。
2
．
阅读理解
In India, most of the
women wear a red dot between their eyebrows. While
it is generally taken
as an indicator
of their marital(
婚姻的
)status,
the practice is primarily related to the Hindu(
印度
教的
)religion. The
dot goes by different names in different Hindi
dialects, and “bindi
that is most
commonly known. Traditionally, the dot carries no
gender restriction Men as well as
women
wear it. However, the tradition of men wearing it
has faded in recent times, so nowadays
we see a lot more women than men
wearing one.
The
position
of
the
bindi
is
standard
center
of
the
forehead,
close
to
the
eyebrows.
It
represents a third, or inner eye. Hindu
tradition holds that all people have three eyes
The two
outer
ones
are
used
for
seeing
the
outside
world,
and
the
third
one
is
there
to
focus
inward
toward God. As such, the dot means
piety(
虔诚
)and serves as a
constant reminder to keep God in
the
front of a believer's thou ghts.
Red is the traditional color of the
dot. It is said that in ancient times a man would
place a drop
of blood between his
wife's eyes to seal their marriage. According to
Hindu beliefs, the color red
is
believed to bring good fortune to the married
couple. Today, people go with different colors
depending upon their preferences. Women
often wear dots that match the color of their
clothes.
Decorative of sticker bindis
come in all sizes, colors and variations, and can
be worn by young and
old,
married
and
unmarried
people
alike.
Wearing
a
bindi
has
become
more
of
a
fashion
statement than a
religious custom.
（
1
）
Why
did people in India start wearing a red dot on
their forehead?
stress their family background.
indicate their social rank.
show their religious
belief.
display their
financial status.
（
2
）
What is the function of
the third eye in Hindu tradition?
help the other eyes see
better.
look to the
distance.
see the outside
world.
pay respect to
God.
（
3
）
Why
was red chosen as the original color of the bindi?
word
was believed to be a lucky color for
husband and wife.
red dot
represented the blood of God.
stood for a wife's love for her
husband.
（
4
）
Which of the following statements
is true about bindis today?
are now used to make people look
better.
are worn anywhere
on the face now.
Indian
women do not wear bindis anymore.
men than women wear bindis in
India.
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（
2
）
D
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，大多数印度女人的眉毛中间都戴着红点，这种做法
主要与印度教有关，它代表的是第三
只眼，可以时时提醒信徒要尊敬上帝。现在眉心红点
更多的是作为装饰品使用。
（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“In India, most of
the women wear a red dot between
their
eyebrows. While it is generally taken as an
indicator of their
marital
（婚姻的）
status, the
practice is primarily related to the Hi
ndu
（印度教的）
religion.”
在印度，大多数女性的眉毛上
都有一个红点。虽然这通常被认为是他们婚姻状况的一
个指标，但这种做法主要与印度教
有关。可知这种做法主要与印度教有关，所以印度人前
额戴红点是展示他们的宗教信仰。
故选
C
。
（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第二段可知，印度传统上认为人有第三只眼。以及
“As such
，
the
dot serves as a constant reminder to
keep God inthe front of a believer's thoughts
．
”
因此，点作
为一个持
续的提醒，以保持神在信徒的思想面前。所以第三眼在印度教传统中的重要性是
要尊重上
帝。故选
D
。
（
3
）考查
细节理解。根据第三段中的
“According to Hindu
beliefs
，
the color red is
believed to
bring good fortune to the
married couple
．
”
可
知，根据印度教的信仰，红色被认为能为已婚
的夫妇带来好运。故选
B
。
（
4
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“Decorative
or
sticker
bindis
come
in
all
sizes
，
colorsand
variations
，
and
can
be
worn
by
young
and
old
，
married
and
unmarried
people
alike
．
Wearinga
bindi has become more of a fashion statement than
a religious custom.”
装饰物
或贴纸贴
纸有各种尺寸、颜色和变化，年轻人和老年人、已婚人士和未婚人士都可以佩
戴。佩戴宾
蒂帽与其说是一种宗教习俗，不如说是一种时尚宣言。可知，眉心红点现在更
多的被用作
装饰品。故选
A
．
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，
是一篇文化类阅读，考生需
要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出
正确答案。
3
．
阅读理解
During
this
shopping
season,
salesmen
will
come
up
with
different
strategies
to
get
your
business. Many product
companies use specific colors to cause positive
emotions and compete
for a sale.
However, sight is not the only sensory
(
感官的
) retail that companies
use. Sounds and
smells can also
influence consumers' purchasing
decisions.
Nobel
Prize-winning
research
shows
that
our
sense
of
smell
has
great
power
to
cause
an
emotional response. A study published
earlier this year compared purchasing in a French
flower
shop when the smell of lavender
(
薰衣草
) was given off and when
it wasn't. It found that the
smell
increased the number of consumers' purchasing
items and the amount of their purchases.
An earlier study using Nike shoes found
that consumers desired the shoes more, and were
willing
to pay more, when the room had
a mixed smell of flowers. Realizing the
subconscious impact of
smell, many
stores apply artificial scents
(
气味
) through their heating
and air-conditioning vents
(
通风口
) or place
scent machines above their doors. For instance, a
coconut scent might make
that bikini
more appealing as you long for a
vacation.
Ever felt
frenzied
due
to a
store's
fast-paced
music?
Or
calmed
by
a
piece
of
light
music?
A
retailer's
choice
of
music
can
have
a
big
impact
on
consumers'
moods.
One
study
found
that
when subjected to loud
music, consumers will spend less time in a store.
But interestingly, the
researchers
did
not
find
a
difference
in
sales
or
customers'
satisfaction.
Another
interesting
finding from a recent study was that
customers actually shop longer when exposed to
unfamiliar
music. Just as department
stores use different scents in certain
departments, many use different
music
in some areas to appeal to varying
consumers.
Well, you
could always leave the store and take a break, but
the food court probably isn't your
best
choices as brands like Cinnabon and Panera Bread
also use scents as part of their customers'
experience. Online retailers
(
零售商
) use a variety of other
strategies to get your business, but
you can always neglect those and enjoy
the familiar scents of home.
（
1
）
The
passage is mainly about ________.
A. consumers' favorite
sounds and smells while shopping
B. shopping malls' strategies for
satisfying consumers
C. some
special services from super shopping
malls
D. two factors
affecting consumers' shopping decisions
（
2
）
Wha
t can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A. Decorating stores with
flowers becomes a fashion.
B. Shops with special smells can
attract more consumers.
C.
Smells can actually help businessmen gain more
profits.
D. The products
with a kind of special smell are more
popular.
（
3
）
How
does music have an effect on consumers?
A. It controls consumers'
desire for shopping.
B. It
influences how long consumers stay in a
shop.
C. It gives consumers
the satisfaction of enjoying shopping.
D. Whether consumers are willing to buy
things depends on it.
（
4
）
Which of the
following can replace th
e underlined
word “frenzied” in Paragraph 3?
A. Satisfied.
B. Depressed.
C. Surprised.
D. Excited.
（
5
）
What does the
writer try to express in the last paragraph?
A. Online shopping is
becoming more and more popular
nowadays.
B. People should
spend more time at home with family
members.
C. People can
choose to get rid of salesmen's promotion
strategies.
D. Smells and
sounds are important for consumers' shopping
experience.
【答案】
（
1
）
D
（
2
）
C
（
3
）
B
（
< br>4
）
D
（
5
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文为说明文。这
篇文章主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。
（
1
）主旨大意题。根据第一段中的
Sounds
and
smells
can
also
influence
consumers'
purchasing
decisions.
（声音和气味也会影响消费者的购买决定）及下文对这两个因素的介
绍可知，本
文主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。故答案选
D
。<
/p>
（
2
）推理判断题。根据第二段中的
It
found
that
the
smell
increased
the
number
of
consumers' purchasing items and the
amount of their purchases.
（研究发现，这种气味增加了
消费者购买物品的数量和购买量）可推知，气味实际上可以帮助商人获得更多的利润。故
答案选
C
。
（
3
）细节
理解题。根据第三段中的
One
study
found
that
when
subjected
to
loud
music,
consumers will spend
less time in a s
tore…Another
interesting finding from a recent study was
that customers actually shop longer
when exposed to unfamiliar music.
（研究发现，
当音乐音
量过大时，消费者在商店里的时间会减少
……
最近一项研究的另一个有趣发现是，当顾客接
触到不熟悉的音乐时，他们
的购物时间实际上更长）可知，音乐会影响消费者在商店里停
留的时间。故答案选
B
。
（
4
）词义猜测题。
A.
Satisfied
满意的；
B.
Depressed
沮丧的；
C.
Surprised
吃惊的；
D. <
/p>
Excited
兴奋的。根据第三段中的
Or calmed by a piece of light music?
（还是
听着轻音乐平静
下来
?
）可知，划线词
所在句意为
“
有没有因为商店里快节奏的音乐而感到疯狂
?”
，由此推
知，划线词意为
“
疯狂的
”
，疯狂是一种兴奋
的状态。故答案选
D
。
（
5
）推理
判断题。根据最后一段中的
Online
retailers
(
零售商
)
use
a
variety
of
other
strategies to get your business, but
you can always neglect those and enjoy the
familiar scents of
home.
（网上零
售商使用各种各样的策略来获得你的生意，但你可以忽略这些，享受熟悉
的家的味道）可
知，作者想要告诉人们，我们可以选择摆脱销售员的促销策略。故答案选
C
。
【点评】本题考点涉
及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一
篇说明类阅读，要求
考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略
读及查读的技巧快速
在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上
下文进行分析，推理
，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4
．
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（
A
、
B
、
C
和
D
）中，选出最佳选项。
A
large
body
of
research
has
been
developed
in
recent
years
to
explain
many
aspects
of
willpower. Most of the researchers
exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal
in mind: How
can willpower be
strengthened? If willpower is truly a limited
resource, as the research suggests,
what can be done to make it stay
strong?
Avoiding
temptation (
诱惑
) is an
effective method for maintaining self-control,
which is called
the
attracted to candy in the desk drawer
than that on top of their desks, in plain
sight.
The research
suggesting
that
we
possess
a
limited
reservoir
of
self-control raises
a
troubling
question. When we face too many
temptations, are we to fail? Not necessarily.
Researchers don't
believe that one's
willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather,
people appear to hold some
willpower in
reserve, saved for future demands. The right
motivation allows us to tap into those
reserves, allowing us to carry on even
when our self-control strength has been run down.
High
motivation might help overcome
weakened willpower-at least to a point.
Willpower may also be made less
vulnerable (
脆弱
) to being
exhausted in the first place.
Researchers who study self-control
often describe it as being like a muscle that gets
tired with
heavy
use.
But
there
is
another
aspect
to
the
muscle
comparison,
they
say.
While
muscles
become exhausted by
exercise in the short term, they are strengthened
by regular exercise in the
long term.
Similarly, regular practices of self-control may
improve willpower strength.
The evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies
also suggests that making a list of resolutions
on
New
Year's
Eve
is
the
worst
possible
approach.
Being
exhausted
in
one
area
can
reduce
willpower
in other
areas,
so
it
makes more
sense
to
focus
on
a
single
goal
at
a
time.
In other
words, don't try to
quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet and start a new
exercise plan at the same
time. Taking
goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good
habit is in place, Baumeister says,
you'll
no
longer
need
to
draw
on
your
willpower
to
maintain
the
behavior.
Eventually
healthy
habits will become
routine, and won't require making decisions at
all.
（
1
）
From the studies in the passage we
learn that ________.
A. people have unlimited self-control
B. high motivation ensures one's
success
C. willpower is
hardly completely exhausted
D. too
many temptations often lead to failure
（
2
）
The
underlined phrase
A. make
use of
B. run
out of
C.
build
D.
increase
（
3
）
The
author compares self
—
control
to muscles ________.
A. to prove the long-term effect of
willpower
B. to show the
significance of regular exercise
C. to argue that self-control can he
easily used up
D. to explain
the benefits of practicing self-control
（
4
）
To
develop a good habit, which of the following does
the author prefer?
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（<
/p>
2
）
A
（
3
）
D
（
4
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文
，列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点，作者认为有
了明确的目标，良好的自我监督和练
习，就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚强。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“Researchers don't believe that one's
willpower is ever
completely exhausted.
Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in
reserve, saved for future
demands.”
可知，研究人员不相信人的意志力会完全耗尽，他们还有备用的和为将来需求节
< br>省的意志力。所以从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力几乎没有完全丧失。故选
C<
/p>
。
（
2
）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的
right
motivation
allows
us
to
tap
into
those
reserves, allowing us to carry on even
when our self-control strength has been run down.<
/p>
可知，
正确的动机使我们能够利用这些储备，即使我们的自我控制
能力已经被消耗殆尽，我们仍
然可以继续前进。所以通过上下文的语境，判断出
指利用，与
make use of
同义。
故选
A
。
（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
“While
muscles
become
exhausted
by
exercise
in
the
short term, they are strengthened by
regular exercise in the long term. Similarly,
regular practices
of
self-
control
may
improve
willpower
strength.”
可知，虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而疲惫不
堪，但长期而言，它们会通过经常锻炼而增强。同样规律的自我控制可以提高意志力。两
者相比是为了说明同一个道理：长期的锻炼和自我控制的好处。所以作者把自我控制比作
肌肉是为了解释自我控制的好处。故选
D
。
（
4
）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的
“Taking
goals
one
by
one
is
a
better
approach.
Once a good habit is in place, you'll
no longer need to draw on your willpower to
maintain the
behavior. Eventually
healthy habits will become routine, and won't
require making decisions at
all.”
可知，作者认为一个接一个的制定目标是一个更好的方法。一旦养成好习惯，你就不再
需要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。最终健康的习惯将成为惯例，而且不需要做任何决
< br>定。所以
C
项
< br>是先设立目标，然后成为好习惯，作
者更喜欢这种目标。故选
C
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅
读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
5
．
阅读理解
Paying a higher price than usual
for a ticket to see a film in 3D is the
annoyance of many a
cinema-
goer's life.
But there
may be a benefit to doing so, as a study has found
that 3D films exercise the brain
and
improve short-term functioning in a similar way to
brain-training tests.
The research found that people who watched a movie
in 3D improved cognitive
(
认知
) skills,
compared to those who watched it in
2D.
The research was led
by neuroscientist(
神经学家
) Dr
Patrick Fagan from Goldsmiths University
in
London.
More
than
100
people
took
part
in
the
experiment,
where
participants
watched
Disney film
Big Hero 6
in either
standard format or RealD 3D.
They also carried out a brain-
training-style test before and after seeing a
section from the film.
The test covered
memory, reaction times and cognitive function and
the results were compared
later.
According
to
the
research,
which
was
carried
out
in
partnership
with
science
group
Thrill
Laboratory, participants experienced a
23 percent increase in cognitive processing, as
well as an
11 percent increase in
reaction times.
Dr Fagan
said that the results showed enough of an
improvement in brain function to suggest
that 3D could play a part in improving
brain power in the future.
living
longer
and
there
is
a
noticeable
decline
in
cognitive
brain
function
in
old
age
which
can
worsen future quality of life. There
has never been a better time to look at ways to
improve brain
function. The initial
results of this study show that 3D films may
potentially play a role in slowing
this
decline.
A second part
of the experiment involved those watching the film
being fitted with headsets
that scanned
brain activity and this too showed heightened
(
加强的
) activity when watching
3D.
According
to
the
results,
participants
were
seven
percent
more
engaged
with
what
they
were
watching,
adding
to
argument
that
3D
movies
are
more
like
watching
real-
life
—
something
Professor Brendan Walker from Thrill
Laboratory agreed with.
senses
—
this, in
turn, makes the brain run at quicker
speeds,
（
1
）
According to the research, people
watching a movie in 3D ________.
A. have a good exercise for
their brain
B. lose their
short memory of its plots
C.
are willing to pay a high price for tickets
D. react the same way as those watching
it in 2D
（
2
）
What can be learned from the
research?
A.
Watching 2D films limits brain
function.
B. 3D would be a
contributing factor in improving brain
power.
C. The test was
carried out after the whole film was
viewed.
D. The participants
took the brain-training-style test
once.
（
3
）
Paragraph 8 is mainly about
________.
A. the
application of 3D
B. the disadvantages of 2D
films
C. the change in brain
function D. the
significance of the study
（
4
）
The
text is most likely to appear in ________.
A. a sports newspaper
B. a biology textbook C. a science magazine
D. a film review
【答案】
（
1
）
A
（
2
）
B
（
3
）<
/p>
D
（
4
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文介绍
3D
电影对人的大脑的益处。
( 1
)
细节理解题。根据第二段
as a study has
found that 3D films exercise the brain and improve
short-term functioning in a similar way
to brain-training tests.
可知，看
3D
电影能锻炼大脑。
故选
A
。
( 2
)
推理判断题。根据第二段
But there may be
a benefit to doing so, as a study has found that
3D films exercise the brain and improve
short-term functioning in a similar way to brain-
training
tests.
可知，
3D
电影是一个促进大脑力量的因素。故选
B
。
( 3
)
段落大意题。根据第八段第一句
These
findings are more significant than you might think
（这些发现比你想象的更重要）可知，选
D
。
(
4
)
推理判断题。
3D
电影是高科技
产品，所以这篇文章最有可能出现在科学杂志上，故选
C
。
6
．
阅读理解
It's
3
o'clock
and
you've
been
hard
at
work.
As
you
sit
at
your
desk,
a
strong
desire
for
chocolate
overcomes
you.
You
try
to
busy
yourself
to
make
it
go
away.
But
it
doesn't.
Here
is
another situation.
Perhaps you are not feeling well. The only thing
you want to eat is a big bowl
of
chicken soup, like your mom used to make when you
were sick as a child. Food cravings are a
strong desire for a specific type of
food. And they are normal.
Scientists at the website How Stuff Works compare
hunger and cravings this way. Hunger is a
fairly simple connection between the
stomach and the brain.
They even call
it simply “stomach
hunger.” When our
stomachs burn up all of the food we have eaten, a
hormone (
荷尔蒙
) sends a
message to one part of the brain for
more food, which regulates our most basic body
functions
such as thirst, hunger and
sleep. The brain then produces a chemical to start
the appetite and
you eat. Hunger is a
function of survival.
A
craving is more complex. It activates
(
使活跃
) brain areas related to
emotion, memory and
reward. These are
the same areas of the brain activated during drug-
craving studies. So, some
scientists
call food cravings “mind hunger.” People often
crave foods that are high in fat and sugar.
Foods that are high in fat or high in
sugar produce chemicals in the brain. These
chemicals give us
feelings of
pleasure.
In
a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge University
found that “dieting or restricted eating
generally increases the possibility of
food craving.” So, the more you deny yourself a
food that
you want, the more you may
crave it. However, fasting is a bit different.
They found that eating
no food at all
for a short period of time lessened food
cravings.
So,
the
next
time
you
crave
something
very
specific,
know
that
your
brain
may
be
more
to
blame than your stomach.
（
1
）
What is the function of the first
paragraph?
A. To
remind readers of their own special food.
B. To deepen the understanding of
hunger.
C. To report the
discovery of craving study.
D.
To lead to the topic of the whole
passage.
（
2
）
What do we learn about food
craving?
A. It
shows food is linked to feelings.
B. It ensures a person survives
hunger.
C. It means the
stomach functions well.
D.
It proves the brain decides your
appetite.
（
3
）
What's the likely result of
dieting?
A. The
decrease of chemicals.
B. The increase of food desire.
C. The refusal of fat and sugar.
D. The disappearance of appetite.
（
4
）
What
does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The functions of brain
areas. B. What hunger is
all about.
C. The findings
of food craving.
D. What dieting may bring
us.
【答案】
（
< br>1
）
D
（
2
）
A
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文，主
要谈论饮食冲动的调查结果。食物与情感有关系，节
食的结果会导致食物欲望的增加。<
/p>
(1)
目的意图题。根据第一段最后一
句
Food
cravings
are
a
strong
desire
for
a
specific
type
of
food. And they are normal.
可知
，第一段是为了引导整篇文章的话题。故答案选
D
。
(2)
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句
Food
cravings
are
a
strong
desire
for
a
specific
type
of
food. And
they are normal.
可知，食物与情感有关系。故答案选
A
。
(3)
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句
In
a
2007
study,
researchers
at
Cambridge
University
found that“dieting or restricted eating
generally increases the possibility of food cravin
g.
可知，
节食的结果会导致食物欲望的增加。故答案选
B
。
(4)
主旨大意题。根据最后一段
So, the next time
you crave something very specific, know that
your brain may be more to blame than
your stomach.
本文主要谈论饮食冲动的调查结果。故
答案选
C
。
【点评】说明文主题和文章大意的技巧：应对文章主题和中心大意考题时，寻找和发现文
章主题句就是关键。这个主题句一般具有如下特点：
①
表达
的意思比较概括。
②
句子结
构简单，大
多数时候，不采用长句、难句的形式。
③
段落的其他句子必定是
用来解释或发
挥主题句所表达的主题思想的。
④
主题句的位置除个别情况下是在文中的句子，大多数情
况下，主题句往往是在段
首和段尾。所以，在阅读文章时，要特别注意文章的首段、首句
和末句。
7
．
阅读理解
There's a song by the great
Jamaican singer Bob Marley called So Much Trouble
In The World.
Marley understood that
part of the reason why there are so many problems
in the world is the
lack of tolerance
between people. The UN understands this
too
–––
that's why it made
Nov 16th
“International Day for
Tolerance”.
But
first
of
all,
what
is
tolerance? According
to
French
philosopher
Voltaire,
tolerance
is
the
consequence
of
humanity.
We
are
all
formed
of
frailty
(
脆弱
)
and
error;
let
us
pardon
each
other's fool
–––
that is the first law of
nature.”
Very often,
people don't realize that they're intolerant. This
is because intolerance has a lot to
do
with ignorance. For example, the UN's campaign is
in part about the treatment of females by
males.
But
often,
the
behavior
of
men
toward
women
is
intolerant
because
men
don't
put
themselves in the shoes
of women.
It's
worth
thinking
a
little
about
the
words
“tolerance”
and
“intolerance”. Are
they
the
best
words to
describe the
evils of which we're
speaking here? To agree to be “tolerant” of
someone
isn't
necessarily
a
very
respectful
thing.
When
someone
is
tolerated,
it
implies
that
there's
something wrong with
them.
Still, what
Voltaire said stands: We humans are not perfect
and this weakness is something that
we
all
share.
That's
the
reason
we
should
be
tolerant.
It's
a
little
like
generosity.
We
can
give
things
to another person, and we can also give our
forgiveness.
（
1
）
What's the purpose of the
UN “International Day For Tolerance”?
A. To arouse people's
awareness of tolerance among people.
B. To celebrate the founding of
the UN.
C. To
solve
the
problem
of
global
warming.
D. To
change
peopled
opinion
towards
globalization.
（
2
）
Why
do men behave intolerantly towards women?
A. Because men don't
realize the purpose of the UN.
B. Because men are physically stronger
than women.
C.
Because
men
don't
appreciate
the
shoes
of
women.
D. Because
men
are
not
willing
to
understand
women.
（
3
）
Why
is it meaningless to use the words “tolerance” and
“intolerance”?
A. Because they are hard to pronounce
in English.
B. Because they
don't express the exact
meaning people
refer to.
C. Because they
can't be translated into other languages.
D. Because they can't be used in a
respectful way.
（
4
）
In
what sense is “tolerance” similar to “generosity”?
A. Humans are advised to
treat others better.
B. Humans
leant to find faults in others.
C. Humans
need
to
give
something
to
others.
D. Humans
will
change
their
attitudes
to
others.
【答案】
（
1
）
A
（
2
）
D
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文
。人们天性是脆弱的不完美的，容易犯错误的，因此
包容是人性的体现。文章通过分析解
释人们要宽容待人。
（
1
）考查推理判断题。根据第一段二、三两句
“Marley
understood
that
part
of
the
reas
on
why there
are so many problems in the world is the lack of
tolerance between people. The UN
understands this too ---
that's why it made Nov 16th
'International Day for Tolerance'.”
可推断，
世界上的人们缺乏包容，因此联合国把
11
月
16
日设置为
“
国际宽容日
”
是为了唤起人们的
包容意识。故答案选
A
。
（
2
）考查推理判断题。根据第三段尾句
“But
often,
the
behavior
of
men
toward
women
is
intolerant because men don't put
themselves in the shoes of women.”
可知，男性
对女性不包容
是因为他们不愿意设身处地的为女性着想，不愿意理解她们。故答案选
D
。
（
3
）考查推理判断题。根据倒数第二段后三句
“
Are they the best words to describe the evils
of
which
we're
speaking
here?
To
agree
to
be
'tolerant'
of
someone
isn't
necessarily
a
very
respectful thing. When
someone is tolerated, it implies that there's
something wrong with them.”
可知，对某人宽容并不一定
是一件值得尊重的事情，某人如果被包容，就暗示着某人有问
题，因此推断使用
“
宽容
”
或者
“
不宽容
”
是没有意义
的，因为它们不能准确表达人们所指的
意思。故答案选
B
。
（
4
）推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句
“It's
a
little
like
generosity.
We
can
give
things
to
another person, and we
can also give our forgiveness.”
可推断，在我们给
与别人谅解时，宽容
有点像慷慨。故答案选
C
< br>。
【点评】本题型考查了对文章段落或某一板块的理解
概括能力。先阅读问题，然后带着问
题，再读全文，找出答题所需要的依据，完成阅读。
在词义与句义理解的基础上，结合上
下文总结归纳某一段或几段的大意，对于把握文章主
旨，分析全文结构都是至关重要的。
8
．
阅读理解
Many people have long dreamed of
being able to fly around as simply as riding a
bicycle. Yet
the
safety
and
strength
of
a
flying
bike
was
always
a
big
problem.
Over
the
past
10
years,
developments in
technology have moved the dream of personal flying
vehicles closer to reality.
Now, two
groups of inventors say such vehicles may be
available soon.
The
British company Malloy Aeronautics has developed a
prototype (
原型
) of its flying
bicycle.
Grant Stapleton, marketing
sales director of Malloy Aeronautics, says the
Hoverbike is able to get
in and out of
small spaces very quickly.
can be folded
and packed,
Mr.
Stapleton says safety was the company's main
concern. He says the designers solved the
safety issue by using overlapping
rotors to power the vehicle.
The company is testing a full-size
prototype of the Hoverbike, which will most likely
be used
first by the police and
emergency rescue teams.
In
New
Zealand,
Martin Aircraft
Company
is
also
testing
a
full-size
prototype
of
its
personal
flying device,
called the Jetpack. It can fly for more than 30
minutes, up to 1, 000meters high and
reach a speed of 74 kilometers per
hour.
Peter Coker is the
CEO of Martin Aircraft Company. He said the
Jetpack
from the start
into
the actual structure itself, very similar to a
Formula One racing car.
The Jetpack uses a gasoline-powered engine that
produces two powerful jet streams. Mr. Coker
says it also has a parachute that would
be used, if there should be an emergency.
work at very low altitude and actually
saves both the aircraft and the
pilot,
says the Jetpack will be ready
for sale soon.
（
1
）
We
can learn from the passage that the Hoverbike
.
A. can hardly
get in and out of small spaces quickly B.
can fly for over 30 minutes, up to l,
000 meters high
C. has been used by the police and
emergency rescue teams D. can be
transported quickly
after being folded
and packed
（
2
）
Peter Coker uses the example of
Formula One racing car to show that .
A. the Jetpack is very safe
and reliable B. the engine of the Jetpack
is powerful
C. the actual
structure of the Jetpack is unique D. the
Jetpack can reach a great speed and
height
（
3
）
The
underlined word
A. the jet
stream
B. the engine
C. the Jetpack.
D. the parachute
（
4
）
What is the
author's main purpose of writing the passage?
A. To
describe
the
problems
of
inventing
flying
vehicles.
B. To
introduce
the
latest
development of flying
vehicles.
C. To
show
the
differences
between
two
flying
vehicles. D. To
advertise
the
two
personal
flying
vehicles.
【答案】
（
1
）
D
（
2
）
A
（
3
）
< br>D
（
4
）
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，很多人梦想可以像骑自行车一样飞。然而会飞的自
行车安全性是一个问题。文章介绍了
英国公司开发的一种会飞的自行车，以及其特点，比
如有一些会飞的自行车带有降落伞的
装置。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“the Hoverbike is able
to get in and out of small spaces
very
quickly. It can be moved across continents very
quickly because it can be folded and packed”,
可知，
Hoverbike
能够很快地进出小空
间。它可快速地在大陆上移动，因为它可以折叠和包
装。
D
项说在折叠和包装后可以快速运输，故选
D
。
（
2
）考
查推理判断。根据第六段
Peter
Coker
说
Jetpack
从一开始就围绕安全进行的，安全
可靠性是最重要的因素。我们在车的现行结构中植入了安全性，非常类似于
Formula
One
赛车。故选
A
。
（
3
）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的
Mr. Coker
says it also has a parachute
(
降落伞
) that
can be
used should there be an emergency. “It starts to
work at very low altitude ….”Coker
先生
说
Jetpack
上也有降落伞，可以在紧急
情况下使用。
“
在海拔非常低的情况下开始用它
…”
。
可知，
Jetpack
上的降落伞（它）是在海拔低时才用。由此可知
it
指的是
parachute
“
< br>降落
伞
”
故选
D
。
<
/p>
（
4
）考查主旨大意。根据第一段可知，
许多人一直梦想能像骑自行车一样简单的飞来飞
去，科技的发展让这个梦想很快实现。然
而飞行自行车的安全性和强度一直是个大问题。
接着下面叙述了两家研发飞行器的公司的
最新的产品，新产品把安全放在首位。故选
B
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的
考查，是一
篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的进行逻辑推理
，概括归
纳，从而选出正确答案。
9
．
阅读理解
Dogs love to get out
and stretch their legs, which not only helps to
keep them in shape, but
enables them to
keep the extra pounds off. Pet hiking has been
popular recently, getting dogs off
the
sidewalk.
Three years
ago, Denver resident Brittany Redding was stressed
out, working 60 hours a week
while
studying in graduate school full-time. The only
thing that helped was taking her four dogs
hiking.
2016, she founded
Take a Hike. Her company, like a number of others
around the country, takes
dogs to
explore beyond the neighborhood.
Before taking on the tracks,
Brittany meets with each dog and his or her owner
to get a sense
of
the
pet's
character.
Then
she
schedules
a
meet-
and-greet
with other
dogs
that
will
join
the
hike
to
be
sure
to
match
their
personalities.
Each
hiking
is
about
two
hours
long
and
includes
transportation to and from the track
for around $$70 per outing.
friends and
explore new tracks, smells, and
wildlife,
Michael
Mizenko thinks sending his pet, Ajax, on weekly
hikes with Take a Hike has made Ajax a
happier dog. Over the past two years,
hiking has taught Ajax how to stay off pavement,
be more
social and remain calm in the
car.
（
1
）
Why
has pet hiking been popular in these days?
strongly desire their
owners to go hiking.
health
specialists recommend people to do it.
is beneficial for pets' shape and
health.
owner's house is
not big enough for dogs.
（
2
）
What is the
second paragraph mainly talking about?
Brittany founded Take a
Hike.
hard the study life
of Brittany was.
a Hike is
very popular in the neighborhood.
hiking has brought great enjoyment to
Brittany.
（
3
）
What does Brittany want to make
sure before taking her customers' dogs to go
hiking?
distance of the track.
character of each dog.
environment of the track.
emotions of both dogs and their owners.
（
4
）
How
often does Michael Mizenko send his pet to hike
with Take a Hike?
day.
a
week.
a week.
other week.
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（<
/p>
2
）
A
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报
道，宠物徒步旅行变得很流行，这对宠物的身形和健
康有好处。丹佛居民
Brittany Redding
创立了
Take
a Hike
公司，专门负责带着宠物狗去徒步
旅行。
（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“Dogs love to get
out and stretch their legs, which no
t
only helps to keep them in shape, but
enables them to keep the extra pounds off. Pet
hiking has
been
popular
recently,
getting
dogs
off
the
sidewalk.”
狗喜欢到外面伸展腿部，这不仅有助于
保持体形，还可以减少多余的体重。因此带宠物徒步旅行变得很流行的原因在于它对宠物< p>
的身形和健康有好处。故选
C
。
< br>
（
2
）考查段落大意。根据第二段
“Three
years
ago,
Denver
resident
Brittany
Redding
was
stressed out, working 60 hours a week
while studying in graduate school full-time. The
only thing
that helped was taking her
four dogs hiking. ‘That's when it hit me that I
should do that as a job.’
she ways.
After graduating in June 2016, she founded Take a
Hike. Her company, like a number of
others around the country, takes dogs
to explore beyond the neighborhood.”
可知，
三年前丹佛
居民
Brittany
R
edding
在全日制研究生院学习的同时每周还要工作
60<
/p>
个小时，这使她感到
压力重重。只有一件事能够让她感到放松：带
她的四只狗徒步旅行。就在那时她想到她应
该把带狗徒步旅行当作自己的工作。于是
2016
年
6<
/p>
月毕业后，她创立了
Take
a
Hike
公
司。因此第二段主要谈论的是<
/p>
Brittany
Redding
创立
Take a Hike
< br>公司的原因。故选
A
。
（
3
）考查
细节理解。根据第三段中的
“Before taking on the
tracks, Brittany meets with each
dog
and his or her owner to get a sense of the pet's c
haracter.”
可知，在开始徒步旅行之前，
Britt
any
与每只狗及其主人见面以了解宠物的性格。即
Britt
any
要在带上顾客的狗去远足之
前了解每只狗的性格。故选<
/p>
B
。
（
4
）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的
“Michael
Mizenko
thinks
sending
his
pet,
Ajax,
on
weekly hikes with Take a
Hike has made Ajax a happier
dog.”
可知，
Michael Mizenko
认为，每
周一次的徒步旅行使他的宠物
Ajax<
/p>
变得更快乐。因此
Michael
Mi
zenko
每周将宠物送到
Take a Hike
公司参加一次徒步旅行。故选
B
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落
大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报
道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据
上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
10
．
< br>阅读理解
Assistant Professor
in Musical Theatre Dance
Wichita
State
University
seeks
a
full-time,
9-month
assistant
professor,
beginning
in
August.
Applicants are required to have a
degree in dance area, teaching experience at a
professional or
college level, ability
to direct and teach stage movement. The salary
depends on qualifications
and
experience.
For
complete information, visit
http://
finearts. wichita.
edu
Full Professor in
Theatre and Dance
The
Department of Theatre & Dance at the University of
California at San Diego(http://
www
theatre.
uscd.
edu
)
is
seeking
an
experienced
theatre
artist
in
lighting
design.
Applicants
must
work for us for at least one year.
Significant professional experience is required.
This position is
expected to teach at
both graduate and undergraduate levels.
A review of applications will
start on June 1st. Application deadline: September
1st.
Technical Director
in Performing and Fine Arts
DeSales University's Performing and Fine Arts
Department seeks a highly skilled, professional
technical
director.
The
position
is
a
10-month
staff
position
with
the
possibility
of
summer
employment
with
the
Pennsylvania
Shakespeare
Festival.
Professional
experience
is
required;
MFA is
preferred.
Please email
materials to
@.
Screening of
applications begins immediately
and
will continue until the position is
filled.
Assistant
Director
—
Media Resources
Center
Maryland
Institute College of Art is seeking an Assistant
Director of Media Resources Center in
the Academic Affairs
Division.
Qualification
for the position include a degree in Art History
or related fields with knowledge of
art
and
design
history,
library
experience,
excellent
interpersonal
communications
skills
and
familiarity with photoshop and
scanning.
A review of
applications will begin immediately; job
announcements will remain open until the
position
is
filled. Applicants
are
required
to
work
for
us
at
send
emails
to
iobs@.
The
salary
differs
depending
on
your
experience.
Please
include
your
desired
salary
in
your
application
letter.
（
1
）
What ad may an applicant pay close
attention to if he/she has 9.5-month free time?
A. Full Professor in
Theatre and Dance.
B.
Assistant Professor in Musical Theatre
Dance.
C. Technical Director
in Performing and Fine Arts.
D. Assistant Director
—
Media Resources
Center.
（
2
）
Which can you apply to if you have
excellent interpersonal communication skills?
A. Wichita State
University. B.
The University of California.
C. DeSales University.
D. Maryland Institute College of
Art.
（
3
）
What can we learn from the
advertisements?
A. All the jobs mentioned in the text
require experience.
B. All
the jobs mentioned above promise a good
salary.
C. All the reviews
of applications will begin immediately.
D. All the job announcements will
remain open until the positions are
filled.
【答案】
（
1
）
B
（
2
）
D
< br>
（
3
）
A
【解析】
【分析】本文是是一篇应用
文，介绍了四个招聘职位以及各个职位的具体要求。