成人高考英语范文
-
成人高考英语范文
成人高考英语语法练习
(
)
1.
The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a
number of them _______ absent for
different reasons.
A. were, was B.
was, was
C. was, were D. were, were
(
)
2.
E-mail,
as
well
as
telephones,
________
an
important
part
in daily munication.
A. is playing
B. have played
C. are playing D.
play
(
)
3.
______
of
the
land
in
that
district
______
covered
with trees and grass.
A.
Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are
C.
Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are
(
)
4.
Ten minutes ______ a long time for one who waits.
A. seem B. seems
C.
seemed D. are seemed
(
)
5.
Eric
is
the
only
one
of
the
boys
who
_____
a
driving
license.
A. has B. have
C. is having D. are
having
’
(
)
6.
Joy and Sorrow _____ next-door neighbours.
A. is B. are C. were D. be
(
)
7.
In
my
opinion,
some
of
the
news
_____
unbelievable.
A. are B. is C. has been D. have
been
(
)
8. When ______ the United
Nations founded?
A. is B. are C.
was D. were
(
)
9. Every possible means
_____ .
A. has tried B. has been
tried
C. was tried D. were tried
(
)
10. What she says and does
_____ nothing to do with
me.
A. was B. were C. has D. have
1
、
I
’
ll give the book to him as soon as he ____ es ____
back.
2
、
Has the baby ________
crying yet? (stop)
3
、
I
don
’
t know whether
Mother4
、
She _______ on her
coat
and went out. (put)
5
、
“
What are they
doing?
”
“
They
6
、
The boy asked his mother
________him go and play
basketball.(let)
7
、
I
’
m
sorry
to
keep
you
____________
for
a
long
time.
(wait)
8
、
9
、
If
it ________ an interesting film,
we
’
ll see it
tomorrow. (be)
10
、
They
usually
________
(do)
their
homework
after
supper.
1.
I___________
(teach)
here
for
ten
years
since
I
finished
school.
2. Would you mind me __________
(use) your bike?
3. The students of
Class Two___________ (sweep) their
classroom now.
4.
The
Whites____________
(not
listen)
to
the
radio
at
that
time.
5.
Its better to give than__________ (receive).
6. How long ______you_______ (live)
in this town?
7. You _______ (e)
here last year, ______ you?
8.
----When ______ you______ (see) him?
----I______ (see) him last Sunday.
9. She said that the car___________ (use) the next
week.
10. I didnt know what
__________ (happen) to China in a
century.
11.
When
I
got
to
the
station,
the
train
____
already
______
(leave).
12. The
stone
bridge______________
(build)
in
our
hometown
for ten years.
13. The desk must ______ (clean)
once a day.
14. The dog _________
(lie) on the floor when I came in..
15. It _________(rain) heavily when I got home.
16. Her mother____________ (cook) at
this time yesterday.
17. The
students _____________ (do) their homework.
__________ (not make) any noise!
18. ----______ you ever_______ (be)
to Bei * g? ----Yes.
I________ (go)
there last week.
19.
Hell
telephone
us
as
soon
as
he
_________
(arrive)
there.
20. Jiefang trucks____________ (make) in
Changchun.
21. A pen is used
for__________ (write).
22. All that
must ________ (do).
23
.My
friend
cant
decide
which
pair
of
trousers____________
(choose). So she asked me to go
shopping with her.
24. They find it
useful__________ (learn) English.
25. The old man often_________ (tell) the children
a story
in the evening. This evening he
________ (tell) two stories.
26. The radio__________ (use) once
in a week in our class.
It____________
(not
use)
yesterday
because
there
was
something
wrong with it.
27. Would please tell us
how___________ (make) the watch
________ (work)?
28. She
doesnt
know
what_________
(do)
and
where__________
(go)
have taught
1. using
2. are
sweeping
3.
weren
’
t listening
4. to receive
5. have
…
lived
6.
came
…
didn
’
t
7. did
…
see, saw
8.
would be used
9. would happen
10. had
…
left
11. have been built
12. be cleaned
13. was lying
14. was raining
15.
was cooking
16. are doing,
Don
’
t make
17. have
…
beeen, went
18. arrives
19. are
made
20. writing
21.
be done
22. to choose
23. to learn
tells, will
1.
If
there
were
no
subjunctive
mood,
English
_________
much
easier.
A. will be B. would have been
C.
could have been D. would be
2. If I
_____ you, I
’
d join the
army.
A. am B. was C. were D. would
be
3. If he _______ tomorrow, he
would find Mr Wang in the
office.
A. es B. will e C. should e
4. If it _______ next week , the
crops would be saved.
A. rains B.
will rains C. would rain
5. If I
_______ it, I would do it in a different way.
A. were to do B. do C. had done
A. is B. will be C. were
7.
If
he
had
worked
harder,
he
_________.
D.
e
D.
should
rain
D.
was
to
do
6.
Supposing
the
weather
________
bad,
where
would
you
go ? D. be
A. would sueed B. had
sueeded
C. should sueed D. would
have sueeded
8. If he ________, he
_________ that food.
A. was warned;
would not take
B. had been warned;
would not have taken
C. would be
warned; had not taken
D. would have
been warned; had not taken
9.
If
my
lawyer
_________
here
last
Saturday,
he
_______
me
from
going.
A. had been; would have
prevented
B. had been; would
prevent
C. were; would prevent
D. were; would have prevented
10. If he ______ it, he _______ it.
A. had seen; could have believed B.
saw; couldn
’
t believe
C. saw;
couldn
’
t have believed D.
has seen; had believed
11.
—
Do you think the thief
entered through the window?
—
No, if he had, I
don
’
t believe, _______
broken the
living-
room
’
s window.
A. he would have
C. he had B. he
must have D. should he have
12.
—
Did you go swimming last
Sunday?
—
No.
We would have gone ______ nicer.
A.
if the weather was
B. would the
weather have been
D. should the
weather be
13. ______ it ______ for
your help, I couldn
’
t have
made
any progress.
A.
Had; not been B. Should; not been
C. Did; not been D. Not; been
14.
_______ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would have left
C.
Were he to leave
A. should be built
C. will be built
it
is fine tomorrow, we ______ a football match.
a. have b. will have c. has d. shall
has
he was at school, he ______
early and take a walk
before breakfast.
a. will rise b. shall rise b. should
rise would rise
the past 30 years
China ______ great advances in the
socialist revolution and socialist
construction.
a. has made b. have
made c. had made d. having made
4.I
______ go to bed until I ______ finished my work.
a.
don
’
t/had
b.
didn
’
t/have
c.
didn
’
t/had
d.
don
’
t/have
5.______ you think he ______ back by
dinner time?
a. Do/have e b.
Did/will have e c. Does/will e d. Do/will
have e
said
that
he
dropped
his
bag
when
he
______
for
the
bus.
a.
was runing b. was running c. were running d. is
running
sooner ______ he arrived
home than he ______ to start
on another
journey. a. has/was asked b. have/were asked c.
had/is asked d. had/was asked
8.
“
______ you
give me a room for the
night?
”
I asked on
arriving at the hotel.
a. Should b. Can c. Might d. May
are nine of them, so ______ get into the car at
the
same time.
a. they
may not at all b. all they may not c. they
can
’
t
all d. all
they can
’
t
10.
“
We
didn
’
t
see
him
at
the
lecture
yesterday.
”
“
He
______
it.
”
a. mustn
’
t attend b. cannot
have attended
c. would have not
attended d. needn
’
t have
attended
11.
“
You realize that you
were driving at 100 mph,
don
’
t
you?
”
“
No,
officer.
I
______.
This
car
can
’
t
do
more
than
80.
”
a.
didn
’
t
need
to
be
b.
may
not
have
been
c.
couldn
’
t
have
been d.
needn
’
t have been
was
a
good
runner
so
he
______
escape
from
the
police.
B. Was he leaving D. If he leaves B.
would built D. built
15.
It
is
ordered
that
a
new
bridge
______
over
the
wide
river.
1.D
2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.A 11.D 12.C
13.A 14.C
15.
a. might
b. sueeded to c. would d. was able to
they ______, our plan will fall flat.
a. are co-operating b. had not co-operated c.
won
’
t
co-operate
d. didn
’
t co-operate
14.I hoped ______ my letter.
a.
her
to
answer
b.
that
she
would
answer
c.
that
she
answers
d. her answering
______ live in the country than in
the city.
a. prefers b. likes to c.
had better d. would rather
16.______ to see a film with us today?
a. Did you like b. Would you like c.
Will you like d. Have
you liked
17.I
’
m
sorry,
but
I
had
no
alternative.
I
simply
______
what
I did.
a. must do b. had to do c. ought to have done d.
have to do
18.
“
Time is running
out,______?
”
a.
hadn
’
t
we
better
got
start
b.
hadn
’
t
we
better
get
start
’
t we better get started d.
hadn
’
t we better not
started
one ______ that
to his face.
a. dares say b. dares
saying c. dare say d. dare to say
students
in
the
classroom
______
not
to
make
so
much
noise.
a. need b. ought c. must d. dare
______
last
week
if
you
were
really
serious
about
your
work.
a.
ought to e b. ought to be ing c. ought have e d.
ought
to have e
elephants ought ______ hours ago by the keepers.
a. to be fed b. to feed c. to being
fed d. to have been fed
23.
“
I
wonder
why
they
’
re
late.
”
“
They
______
the
train.
”
a.
can
have
missed
b.
could
miss
c.
may
have
missed
d.
might
miss
24.
“
Tom graduated from
college at a very young
age.
”
“
He ______ have been an
outstanding student.
”
a. must b. could c. should d. might
______ the examination again since
you had already
passed it.
a. needn
’
t have taken b.
didn
’
t need to take c.
needn
’
t take d.
mustn
’
t take
is really inpetent! The letter ______ yesterday.
a. should be finished typing b. must
be finished typing
have finished
typing c. should have been finished
typing
boy told his
father that he would rather ______ an
astronaut.
a. bee b. to
bee c. being d. became
we reached
the station, the train had still not
arrived; so we ______.
a. needed not to hurry b.
needn
’
t have hurried
c. need not to have hurried d.
didn
’
t need to hurry
your roommate is visiting her
family this
weekend,_____ you like to
have dinner with us tonight?
a.
will b. won
’
t c.
wouldn
’
t d. do
was
afraid
what
he
had
done
______
a
disastrous
effect
on his career.
a. might
have b. could be c. have been d. shall be
1-10 BDACDBDBCB 11-20 CDCBDBBCCB
21-30 DDCABDABCA
1. _____ you
ready?
(A) Are (B) Have (C) Will
(D) Can
2. ____ here early?
(A) Will he (B) Was he (C) Did he be
(D) Were he
3. I ___ happy about
the price of eggs.
(A) amt (B) am
not (C) do not (D) won
’
t
4. Since last year I____ him only
once.
(A) have seen (B) have been
seeing (C) see (D) was seeing
5.
Donald ___ sixteen tomorrow.
(A) is
being (B) going to be (C) shall be (D) will be
6. I ___ the story at all.
(A) dont like (B) like (C) am fond
of (D) would like
7. I would rather
___ than play now.
(A) to study
(B)am studying (C) study (D) studied
8. Id rather you ___ anything about it for the
time being.
(A) do (B) didnt do (C)
dont
9. The car___much money.
(A)
10. I ___ like to
eat fish.
(A) am (B) have (C) do
(D) be
11. ___ repeat the question?
(A) Shall I (B) Will I (C)Would you
like that I (D) Do you
want that I
12. My teacher knows more than ___.
(A) my uncle knows
(C) they
know (B)
my
uncle
does
(D)they dont
know (D)
didnt
not cost (B) not have
cost (C) isnt cost (D) didnt cost
13. He___to meet us at the station, but didnt see
us.
(A) did go (B) did went (C)
goes (D) had
14. Not only ____us
light.
(A) does the sun give (B)
the sun gives
(C) gives the sun (D)
the sun does give
15. ____ you tell
me what has happened?
(A) May (B)
Must (C) Can (D) Could
16.
Anne___tomorrow.
(A) can sing (B)
can to sing (C) is going sing (D) going to
sing
17. You___hand it
in at once, you may hand it in tomorrow.
(A) neednt (B) may not (C) cant (D)
must not
18. Tell the boy that he
___ in the river.
(A) swims (B)
swim (C) swimming (D) to swim
19.
Joan___play on Saturday.
(A) going
to (B) can (C) is going (D) can to
20. Susan and I can go to the lecture ___.
(A) but neither can Charles (B) and
so Charies can
(C) but Charles cant
(D) and Charles also can
1. (A) 2,
(B) 3. (B) 4. (A) 5, (D) 6, (A) 7. (C) 8. (B) 9.
(9) 10,
(C) (C) 11. (A)
12. (B) 13. (A) 14. (A) 15. (D) 16. (A) 17.
(A) 18. (B) 19. (B) 20,
语法
一:时态和语态
一)时态
1
,
12
种常见时态的基本用法,各种时态的基本表达方
式以及时
间顺序。
一般现在时:
表示现状,
性质,
特点或者客观真理。
常与
always
,
often
,
usuall
y
等词连用
现在进行时:表示正在发
生的动作。常与
continually
,
constantly
,
all the time
等词连用
现在完成时:
表示已经完成或存在的状态。常与
since
,
p>
for
,
yet
,
already
等词
连用
现在完成进行时:表示动作持续到现在可能刚刚中止,也可能
继续进行
一般过
去式:
表示过去某一时刻发生的动作。
常与
ago
,
yeaterday
,<
/p>
when...
等词连用
过去进行时:
表示过去某一时间段持续进行的动作。
常用词语现在进行时一样
过
去完成时:
过去的过去,
必须在过去的界定条件下才可以使用。
常用
by
+
过去的时间
/
一般过去式的句子
过去完成进行时:动作持续到过去的一个时间可能刚刚中止,也
可能继续
进行
一般将来时:将来的动
作,主语
will
,
shall
,
be going to
,
be to
和
be about
to
的区别
将来进行时:将来的时间
里可能持续
发生的动作
过去将来时:表示从过去某时间看将来要发生的事情
将来完成时:动作要到将来某一时间完成。常用
by +
将来的时
间
/
一般现在时的句子
2
,
make
sure/certain
,
in
case
等词
后面
的从句常用现在时表示将来时
3
,主句是现在时态或将来时态,从句可以为任何时态。
主句为过
去的时态,从句必须是过去的时态。
二)被动语态
1
,
不能用被动语态的情况:<
/p>
A:
不及物动词
B:
表示状态而不是动
作的词,如
cos
t
,
fit
,
lack
,
want
,
wish suit
等
2
,感官动词(
hear
,
feel
,
listen to
,
see
,
watch
,
notice
等),使役动词:
have
,
make
,<
/p>
help
,
let
等。被动时,需要将
to
补上。
3
,
被动语态一般都与其他考点
综合考察,
当看到选项有被动选项
时,首先应该考虑是否具有被
动关系。
二,非谓语动词
一)动词不定式
1
,动词不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语动词的后面,用引导
词
it
作形式主语。如果不定式作宾语而又跟有补语,这时,通常要
p>
用
1
)
it is + adj+ for sb.
常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观
形式的形容词,
如
easy,
hard,
difficult,
interesting,
impossible
等:
2
)
it is +
adj+of sb.
的句型一般表示人物的性格,品德,表示
主观感情或态度的形容词,如
good,
kind,
nice,
clever,
foolish,
right
等。
3,
动词不定式作定语:
①用
不定式作定语时,
如果它与所修饰的
词是动宾关系,
所以如果不定式是不及物动词,
其后面应跟上必要的
介词。②不定式作定语,如果与他所修饰的词是动宾关系,则不定式
后面不能再带宾语
。
4
,
动词不定式作状语:
①不定式能够修饰作表语或宾语补足语的
形容词,在句中作状语,这时不定式不能再带宾语。②作状语的不定
式的逻辑主语必须
与句子主语一致。
5,
不定式的时态和语态
:
被动式
to be
studied
;进行式
to be
studying
;完成式
to
have studied;
被动完成式
to have
been
studied
6
,有些动词要求省掉
to
的不定式做宾语补足语:主要有:<
/p>
A:
感官动词
(
hear
,
feel
,
listen
to
,
see
,
watch
,
notice
等)
,<
/p>
使役动词:
have
,
< br>make
,
help
,
let
等。
B:can
not
help
but
do
(不得不);
can
not
but
do
(不得不);
cannot
choose
but
do
(只能)
;
had
better
do
(最好)
;
would
rather
do
(宁愿)
7
,两个不定式由
and
,
except
,
o
r
,
than
连接时,可以省略第二<
/p>
个
to
,
由
p>
but
连接时,
如果前面有
do
及其变形,
可以省略第二个
to
,
反之则不行。
二)动名词
1
,
it
is no use/no good/useless/(not)
wise/ worthwhile/
of
great(no,little) importance
等句式,后加动名词
2
,常用动名词做宾语的动词:
admit,suggest,
dislike,
appreciate,
enjoy,
keep,
prevent
等。注意
还有一些课本上的词。
3
,
动名词的逻辑主语:
如果动名词动作的发出者不是谓语动词的<
/p>
主语时,则需要有自己的逻辑主语。但是,如果动名词的逻辑主语与
句子的主语相同,
则不应再有逻辑主语。
逻辑主语可以用物主
代词和
名词所有格,
也可以用人称代词宾格或名词的普通格。<
/p>
例如:
his/
him
doing sth
。
4
,
动名词的时态和语态:
p>
完成式:
having
done
;
被动式
being
done
;
完成被动式:
having
been done
5
,
既
可以用动词不定时又可以用动名词的一些词的意义区别:
主
要有
:
forget
,
remember<
/p>
,
stop
,
r
egret
,
try
,
mean
,
go
on
+
to
do/
doing
6
,
allow,
permit,
forbid
,
encourage<
/p>
,
advise
后面无宾语时,
接
doing
;后面有宾语时,接
to do
7
,动名词在固定结构中的使用
1
)
have
difficulty
/trouble/problem/a
hard
time/a
good
time
+
(
in
)
+doing
2
)
feel like +
名词
/
动名词
3
)
spend/waste
time doing sth
4
)
cannot help doing
sth.
忍不住(做什么)。这一句型要和
can not
help but do
(不得不)以及
can not
but do
(不得不)区
分开来
5
)
something
need/want/require
+
动名词表被动意义;
be
busy
doing
sth.
忙于干某事
6
)
be worth doing
sth.
值得
?
7
)
What about/how about
doing ?
怎么样?
三)分词
1
,
动词不定式,
动名词与分词的否定形式是在它们的前
面加
not
,
never
2
,分词作定语:现在分词表示主动和进行,过去分词表
示被动和
完成。不定式表示将来。
3
,分词作状语:
1
)分词作状语时,它的
逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。
2
)
分词有时还可由连词
when
,
while
,
if
,
after
,
before
,
on
,
unless
等词引出,
通常表示一种状态,
当这些连词没有主语的时候,
其后可以直
接跟一个分词来表示一种伴随状态,
分词的使用要和主句
的主语
保持一致。
3
)
分词作状语时,要特别注意其逻
辑主语和主句谓语动词的一
致性。否则,分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词结构
称为独
立主格结构。
4
p>
,分词作宾语补足语:
1
)
使役动词
have,
make,
get
的后面可
以接过去分词作宾补,
keep
的后面则接现在
分词作宾补。在
2
)
表示感觉的动词
notice, find, see,
watch, hear, smell,
feel
等感官动
词后面用省掉
to
的动词不定式作宾语补语,通常表示
(
强调
)
动作从开始到
结束的全过程。
如果用现在分词作宾语补语,
则
通常表示动作正在进行。
5
,分词作表语:现在分词作表语表示主语的特征,常用于事物;
过去分词作表语
表示主语的状态,常用于人。现在分词意思是“令
人
...
p>
”
,
过去分词意思是“某人感到
....
”;分词作表语时,现在分
词有“主动”
、“进行”、等意义;过去分词有“被动”、“完成”
等意义。
6
,分词的时态和语态:
1
)过去分词
没有完成时态和被动
语态
2
)
现在分词的时态和语态:
完成式:
having
done
;
被动式:
being
done
。表示
三、情态动词和虚拟语气考点总结
一)情态动词:
常见的情态动词有
can ,could,may
,might,must,should,ought
to
,
need,dare,ought to.
特别注意:没有
will
和
would
1, can
表示能,
could
是它的过去式,<
/p>
May
表示可能,
might
是它的过去式。
语气方面:
can
最直截了当,
could
礼貌客气,
may
既尊重又礼貌,
might
< br>含做作的成分。
2
,
must
的含义,第一个含义是:必须。其否
定回答一般是:
need
not
或者
dont
have
to.
第二个含义是:
肯定。
其否定形式是
cant
不可能。
而
mustnt
的意思是:
禁止,
绝对不行。
3
,
need
作为情态动词的时候,
一般只用于肯定句和疑问句中。
当然也可以作为实义动词,意思是需要。需要注意的是:
情态动词的
否定用
neednt
,实义动词的否定用
dont need.
另:
dare
同
need
的用法,一般用于否定句和疑问句中。往往具有实义动词的意思。
4
,
should
和
ought
to
的用法。
其否定形式是:
shouldnt
和
ought
not to
。意思是:应该。
5
,情态动词
+ have+ done
Must have done
肯定已经做过
may/might have done
可能已经
做过
....
May/ might not have done
可能不会做过
....
Neednt have done
做了不必要或不需要做的事情。
an/ could have done
可能已经
can/ could not have done
不
可能已经。
Should/ ought to have done
应该做的事情却没做。
Should not
have done/ ought not to have
done
做了不应该做的事情。
二)虚拟语气:
第一,
if
条件句。
1
,普通状态:
1
),对现在的虚拟:从句:
If+
主语
+
过去式(
be--
were
)
+...
主句:主语
+should/could/might/could
+
动词原形
+.....
2
),对过去的虚拟:
If+
主语
p>
+had+
过去分词
+...
主句:主语
+should/c
ould/might/could
+
have+
过去分词
+.....
3
)
,
对将来的虚拟:
从句:
If+
主语
p>
+should/were
to/
were
going
to +
动词原形
+...
主句:主语
+should/could/might/could +
动词原形
+.....
2
,
if
条件句中的从句中有
were
,
had
,
could
,
should
。可以省
掉
if
,使用
倒装结构。注意:只把
were
,
ha
d
,
could
,
should
提
到句首,其他的一律不倒装。除非有
werent/ hadnt/
couldnt/shouldnt
这些分不开的形式。
3
,
用介词短语替代
if
条件句,
其后的句子和
if
条件句主句的变
化形式相同。
这
些词包括:
but
,
but
for
,
with
,
without
,
unde
r
,
otherwise
等。
如果这些词后面
+
客观事实,
主句表示对现在的虚拟,
用
should/could/might/could
+
动
词原形。如果这些词后面加一个
具体的事情,
就默认这个事情为
过去的事情,
主句表示对过去的虚拟,
用主语
< br>+should/could/might/could + have+
过去分
词
+.....
。
4
,
有些虚拟语气是可以省略主
句或者从句的,
往往都是其前面或
者后面有一个陪衬的句子。起
到一个解释说明的作用,中间是句号。
这种题目要根据陪衬的句子来分析是对现在,
p>
过去,
还是将来的虚拟。
5
,
混和虚拟语气。
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为
所发生的时间不一致时,动词
的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。
往往主句或从句有一个明确的时间点来界定。
p>
第二,
Wish/
if
only/
even
if(though)/as if(though)/ suppose
,这几个词需
要引导虚拟
语气,
其变化形式基本同
i
f
条件句引导的虚拟语气,
需要注意的是:
将来形式不同。这些词引导的虚拟语气形式是:
对现在的虚拟:从句谓语用:过去式(
were
)
对过去的虚拟:
从句谓语用:
had+
过去分词
/
could have +
过去
分词
对将来的虚拟:从句谓语用:
would/ could
+
动词原形
第三,过去式形式
1,
It is
(
high/
about
)
time
(that)
,后面的从句谓语动词用
过去式或者
should
do
,
should
不能省略。
2
,
would
(
just<
/p>
)
rather/ sooner/ as soon
,从句谓语动词用
过去式。注意这些词在动词不定式中的应用与这里的区别。
第四,
should do
形式,
should
可省略。
1
,
for fear that
和
lest
从句谓语动词
用(
< br>should
)
do
2
,一些表示建议,要求,命令的动词引导的宾语从句。其名词形
式引导的从句。以及
it is + suggested that
的形式。
这些动词有:
suggest
,
p>
insist
,
remend
,
order
,
propose
,
urge
< br>,
require
,
advis
e
,
request
,
desire
,
mand
,
demand
,
arrange
,
move
等。
其名词性是有:
suggest
ion
,
insistence
,
remendation,
order
,
proposal
,
urge,
requirement
,
advice
,
request
,
desire,
mand,
demand,arrangement,motion.
另外还包括:
necessit
y
,
decision
,
resolution
,
plan
< br>等词
3
,
it
is
+
形容词
+that
,
这些形容词有:
important
,
necessary
,
e
ssential
,
advisable
,
better
,
vital
等。
四,定语从句:
1
,在非正式场合,
that
有时可
用来代替关系副词或相当于关系
副词的“介词
+which
p>
”,而且经常全部省略,
2
,是用关系代词还是用关系副词:
方法一:
用关系代词,
还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动
词。
及物动词后面无宾语,
就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则
要求用关系副词。
方法二:
准确判断先行词在定语从句
中的成分
(
主、
谓、
< br>宾、
定、
状
)
< br>,也能正确选择出关系代词
/
关系副词。
3
,定语从句中的时态。如果主句是一般将
来时或过去将来时,从
句的动作与主句的同时发
生,那么该从句要用一般现在时表示一般将来时、用一般
过去时
表示过去将来时。
4
,限制性和非限制性定语从句
1
)
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。
限制性定语从句是先行词
不可缺少的部分,
去掉它主句意思往
往不明确;
非限制性定语从句是
先行词的附加说明,
去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,
它与主句之间通
常
用逗号分开。
2
)
当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,
其后的
定语从句通常是非限制性的。
3
)
非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词
,
对其进行修饰
,
这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
4
)关系代词
that
和关系副词
why
不能引导非限制性定语从句<
/p>
5
,介词
+
关系词
1
)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2
)
that
前不能有介词。
3
)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的
4
)
在
“介词
+
关系代词”
的结构中,
也可用复杂介词,
如:
by
means
of
(用,依靠),
as a result of
(作为结果)等
6
,
as, which
非限定性定语从句
as <
/p>
和
which
在引导非限制性定语从句时
,
这两个关系代词都指主
句所表达的整个意思,
且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。
但不同
之处主要
有两点:
1
)
as
引导的定语从句可置于句
首,而
which
不可。
2
)在
the same
和
such
之后,定语从句用
as
引导。
3
)
as
引导非限定性定语从句即可
放在主句之前,也可放在主句
之后,用来修饰整个句子。当
as
在从句中作主语时,后面常接下列
句型。如:
< br>as
is
known,
as
is
said,
as
is
reported
as
is
announced
等。
7
,
一个先行词后面可以跟一个以上的定语从句,
这种现象叫
双重
关系从句:
He is
the only person that I can find who is able to
solve
the
problem
。
他是我能找到的唯一解决这个问题的人。
8
,先行词和关系词合二为一:
what/whatever;that/what;
who/whoever
what = the thing
that
;
whatever = anything
that/which
who= the person that
whoever= anyone who/that
9
,关系代词
that
的用法
1
< br>)不用
that
的情况
a)
在引导非限定性定语从句时。
b)
介词后不能用。
2)
p>
只能用
that
作为定语从句的关系代词的
情况
a)
先行词由
the
same,
the
very,
the
first,
the
last,
the
only,
the
one, all, no, much,
few
,
little, none, any,
every
等时,
常用
that,
而不用
which
b) <
/p>
先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用
that
。
c)
先
行词既有人,又有物时
,
只用
that
。
10
,定语从句可以是一个动词不定式,但一般要使用“介词
+
关系
代词“这种形式出现。
五:状语从句:
一)时间状语从句:
when
,
< br>while
,
as
,
after
,
before
,
as
soon
as
,
since
,
till/until, by the
time
1,when, while, as
的
区别:
when
即可引导延续性又可引导短暂
< br>性动词,还可以表示从句动作在主句之前或之后发生;
while
必须引
导延续性动词,强调两个动作同时发生,又可表示类比;
as
表示一
边,一边。引导延续性动作
2
,
Before
引导的句子,主句时间在前,从句时间在后,
after
引
导的句子,主句时间在后,从句时间在前。
3
,
since
引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是
瞬时动词。一般情况下,
从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语
动词用现在完成时。但在
It
is
+时间+
since
从句的句型中,主句
多用一般现在时,从句用一般过去时。
p>
4
,
as
soon
as
,
immediately
,
directly
,
instantly
,
th
e
moment
,
the
minute
,
once
表示“一<
/p>
....
就”。
Hardly....when, no
sooner....than
意思与此相同,但是主句用过去完成时,从句用一
般过去式。
5
,
each
time, every time
和
whenever
每次,每当。
二)地点状语从句:
1
,
wherever/ anywhere = no
matter where
2,
everywhere
:每个地方
三)条件状语从句:
1
,
unless= if not
除非
2
,
as long
as
,
so long as
只要;
in
case
以防,以免
3
,
on condition
that,providing that, provided
that
,
supposing/supposed
that, =if
四),原因状语从句
1
,
because
表示直接原因,语气最强
2
,
since
表示已知原因,语气比<
/p>
because
弱
3
,
seeing
(that), now
(that),
considering (that),
in
that,
given
that
意思为
“既然,
因为”
。
4
,
as
表示双方都知道的原因,
一般用于句首
5
,
for
引导的原因只能放在主句之后并且用逗号隔开
五),目的状语从句
1
,
so that
以至于
= in order
that
,另外还有
for the purpose
that
,
so much so
that.
六),结果状语从句
1
,
so....that ,such....that
:
so+adj/adv, such+n
2,to the degree (that), to the
extent (that), to such a
degree (that),
to such an extent (that)
So
< br>和
such
的区别:
such
是形容词,
修饰名词或名词词组,
so
是
副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。
1
,
单数可数名词钱有不定冠词与形
容词是,
so
和
such
的位置不同。
p>
So+adj/adv + a/an +
n
;
Such + a/an + adj + n
2,so
后即使有形容词,也不能修饰复数名词和不可
数名词,而
such
可以。
3,
名词前有
many
,
much
,
litt
le
,
few
修饰时,需要用
so
,不用
such
,
但是当
little
表示“小”而不表示“少”的意思时,用<
/p>
such
七)让步状语从句
1
,
as
,
thoug
h
引导的让步状语从句,需要倒装:
adj/adv+
as/though+
主语
+
谓语。但是
although
不能,他们不能与
but
连用
2
,
even if
和
even though
:即使
3
,
no matter
+
疑问词
=
疑问词
+ ever
不管
.....
都。注意:
no
matter how
和
howev
er
后要直接加形容词或者副词
+
主语
+
谓语
4
,
despite= in spite of
尽管
,
他们要使用状语从句需要用
despite/ in spite of the fact that... 5
,
while
有时也可表示
让
步的意思:虽然。位于句首。
八),比较状语从句
1
,
同级比较:
as +adj + as
,
not so (as) + adj +
as
;比较
级:
adj
比较级
+
than
;最高级:
the most+ adj
,
the
+adj
最高
级。
2
,
倍数的表达:
主语
+
谓语
+
倍数
+as
+
adj+
as
;
主
+<
/p>
谓
+
倍数
+mo
re
than
;主
+
谓
+
倍数
+the size
,
amount
,
length+ of
3
,
the
比较级
.......
The
比较级。主句与从句句式要一致
4
,
(Just)
as.....
(so).....
正如
......
,
......<
/p>
也
.....
,主
句与从句句式要一致
5
,
more
than
的用法:多于,不止;
More
than+adj
:很,非常;
No
more
than
只不过,
not
more
than
不如;
more+
adj
+
than
+adj
,
肯定前者,否定后者,是
.....
而不是
.....
6
,
as far as
和
so far as 1
,表示直到
....
为止。
前者用于
肯定句,后者用于否定句。
2
,
表示就
....
而言,两者可以互换
九)方式状语从句
1
,
引导词有:
as
正如,
as
if/though
好像,
引导虚拟语气;
the
way
正如。
六:名词性从句:
疑问词引导的主语,
表语和宾语
从句:
1
,
疑问词本身有意义,
2
,
疑问词在句子中做成分,
3
,从句用陈述语气。这些疑问词有:
who,
whom, whose, what, which, where, why,
when, how
包括
whatever,whoever,
wherever,whenever,whichever
,注意:没有
whomever
。
一)主语从句
1
,主语从句常用
it
做形式主语,也可以以疑问词
或者
that
,
whether
放在句首引导的正常句式的主语从句,要学会使用。引导主
语从句的<
/p>
that
不能省略,引导宾语从句的
th
at
可以省略。
2
,
whether
既可以引导主语也可以引导宾
语从句,但
if
不能引
导主语从句,<
/p>
whether
后可以加
or not<
/p>
,
if
不行。作介词宾语时不
用
if
二)宾语从句
1
,可用疑问词,
that
和
if
引导宾语从句。
2<
/p>
,
think
,
believe
,
suppose
,<
/p>
expect
等动词的宾语从句,其否
定形式为将
think
变为否定
3<
/p>
,当宾语从句后还有补语时,
it
做形<
/p>
式宾语,而将整整的宾语从句放在句尾
4
,
that
< br>引导的名词性从句还可以用在一些表达感情色彩的形容
词后面。如
sure
,
certain
,
doubtful
,
worried<
/p>
,
glad
,
happy
等
三)同位语从句
1
,
同位语从句常见的引导词:
news
,
fact
,
idea
,
truth
,
suggestion
,
doubt
,
belief
等。起到补充说明的作用。其引导词只能是
p>
that
,而
主语从句,宾语从句和表语从
句的引导词可以是疑问词,
that
或
whether
,
if
。注意其与定语
从句的区别。
四)表语从句
1
,表语从句:可以用
that
引导,也可以用疑问
词引导。正式文
体中不省略,非正式文体中省略。
七,强调句和倒装句
一)强调句
1
,强调非谓语:
1
)一般句式:
it
is/was +
强调的成分
+
that/who/whom+
其他成
分
2
)注意一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的倒装强调句型。
3
)注意
not
…
until
…
句型的强调句,
it is not
until ....that.....
4
)强调主语时,
that
或
< br>who
后面的谓语动词的形式仍然取决于
原句中的主语<
/p>
5
)注意强调句与主语从句,定语从句和状语从句的区别。
2
,强调谓语:
助动词
do
的各种变形
+
动词原形。
谓语动词
只有两种时态能强调,
即一般现在时和一般过去时。在一般现在时中,
< br>do
有人称的变化,
第三人称单数用
does
,一般过去时
do
变成
did
。
二)倒装句
1
)完全倒装:是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之
前。此结
构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
1:
以
here,
there, now, then
等副词开头的句子中。习惯上用
< br>一般现在时(除以
then
开头的句子用过去时)。用完
全倒装。
2: such
放
在句首可以表示强调,意思是:“这就是”,用完全
倒装。
3:
表示运动方向的副词,介词置于句首,需要使用完
全倒装。这
些词有
in
,
away
,
up
,
out
,
down
,<
/p>
under
,
behind
,
ahead
等。
2
)
部分倒装:是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语
之前。如果句子的谓语没有助
动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词
do,
does
或
did
,并将其置于主语之前。
1:
一般疑问句和特殊疑问句要倒装
部分倒装。
2:
There
be
句型当中。
There
be
句型表达的意思是:
“某处有
?.
”
。
这个句型的主语在谓语动词后面,
因此这是倒装语序。
注意:
there
be
句型的时态;
当
have
,
has
表示
“有”
的含义的时候,
不能连用;
there
be
句型的变形,用一些表示具体行
为的动词代替
be
动词。
3:
当连
词
as
表示
“虽然、
尽管”
引导让步状语从句
时,
句子要倒装,
as
相
当于
though,
可以替换。形容词
/
副词
+as +
主语
+
谓语,主句。部分
倒装。
4
:
虚拟语气条件从句中的
if
被省略时,
要把从句中的
were,
had
或
should
,
could
移到主语之前。(
if
的省略、倒装
只限于从句中
有
were, had
或
should
,
could
这三个词时。)。部分倒装。
5
p>
:以
so
开头的,表示“也一样”,“也这
样”的句子要倒装。
So
用于肯定句,代替上文中的形容词、
名词或动词,通常指前面所
说的肯定情况也适用于其他人或物。结构是“
so + be (do, have
其
他助动词或
情态动词
)
+主语”。注意:
so
p>
后面的谓语动词要同前半
句的第一个谓语动词一致,如果只有一个谓
语动词,使用助动词。使
用部分倒装形式。注意:如果只是对前句的内容表示同意,则不
要倒
装。
6
:
以
neither
与
nor
开头的句子,
表示
“
?
也不”
时,
< br>句子倒装。
Neither
与
nor
意思相同,可以互换。
Neither, nor
用于否定句,
通常指前面所说的否定情况也适用于其他人或物。结构是:<
/p>
Neither
(nor)
+
be
(do,
have,
其他助动词或情态动词
)
+主语。<
/p>
部分倒装。
Neither
,
nor
后面的谓语动词要同前半句的第一个谓语动词一致,
如果只有一个谓语动词,使用助动词。
7
:在表示祝愿的句子中,用部分倒装。常见的有
May,
Long
live
等。
8
:在以
never,
hardly,
scarcely,
rarely,
barely,
seldom,
not
only,
not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardly?.when, no
sooner?.than, by no means, under no
circumstances
等开头的句
子中,主谓要倒装。
这些都是表示否定或半否定意义的词或词组。,
部分倒装。
9
:在以“
only+
状语”开头的句子中,主谓要倒装。这里
only
后
面必须跟有它修饰的状语或状语从句,这是关键。否则就不倒装。
< br>
八、、主谓一致
一)就近原则。
1
,
Or
,
either...or, neither...nor, not
only... But also.
引导的两个并列主语,谓语动词要同离主语最近的
主语一致。
2
,如果
there be
后面有两
个或两个以上并列主语时,谓语也和
最临近的那个一致。如果
t
here be
后面只有一个主语,就和那个主
语保持一致。<
/p>
二)首主语决定原则。
当两个主语由
as well as, as much
as,with,along with,
together with,
including, followed by, like, unlike,except,
but, besides,rather than
等词连
接时,谓语动词由第一个主语决
定。
三)单数原则。即谓语动词需要使用单数。
1
,
many
a
,
more than one +
主语。即使主语是由
and
连接的<
/p>
两个或两个以上的主语,谓语动词都用单数。
2
,
either
,
neither
,
eve
ry
,
one
,
no
,
each
,
< br>the
other
,
anot
her
做主语,或这些词
+
名词做主语
时。即使主语是由
and
连接的两个或
两个以上的主语,谓语动词都用单数。
3
,
a/this/that +
k
ind/sort/type/pair....
形容词
+of
做主语时
4
,
some/any/no/every +
thing/one/body
做主语时,谓语动词
用单数。
做宾语时,同宾语决定原则,谓语动词也用单数。
5
,不定式,动名词,介词短语,
wh
—
+ to do
,名词性从句等做
主语
时,谓语动词用单数。注意:如果是由
and
或
both and
等表示
复数含义的词连接的两个或两
个以上的这种类型的主语时,
谓语动词
用复数。
6
,
furnit
ure
,
baggage/laggage,
machinery,clothing,jewelry
等集体名词做主语时
。
7
,表示时间,距离,金
钱,重量等词,尽管是复数形式,但是作
为整体看待,谓语动词用单数。当数词做主语时
,谓语动词用单数。
8
,如果是由
and
连接的一个人或一件事情,谓语动词用单数。
四)复数原则。即谓语动词需要用复数
1
,
and
,
both....and...
引导的两个并列主语,注意:单数原则
< br>的
1,2
两点的例外。
2<
/p>
,
复型名词:
glasses
,
shoes
,
sock
s
,
gloves
等词
3
,
people
,
police
,
cattle
等词,注意
people
作为民族的意思
时,是可数名词,有单复数形式的变化。
五)宾语决定原则。即谓语动词由其后所带的宾语决定。
1
,
what
< br>,
who
,
which
等疑问词引导的疑问句,其谓语动词由句
子的宾语决定。
2
,
there
be
句型,包括
there be
句型的变形形式。即
be
动词
可以使其
他的实义动词,如:
seems
,
ha
ppened
,
appears
等等。
六)集体名词原则
1
,群体名词:
family
,
army
,
crowd
,
p>
population
等词,即如果
这些名
词作为一个整体看待,
谓语动词用单数,
考虑到整体的每一个<
/p>
成员,谓语动词用复数。
2<
/p>
,
all+
句子。原则同上。
3
,
the+
adj
,
表示一类人时,
谓语动词用复
数。
表示抽象概念是,
谓语动词用单数,大多数情况下,表示一
类人。
七)主语名词决定原则。即谓语动词由主语中的名词决定。
1
,
any
,
more
,
some
,
half
,
most<
/p>
,
all
,
no
ne....+ of
做主语
时,
或
者这些词直接加名词做主语时,
谓语动词往往与这个名词相一
致
。如果名词是可数名词单数或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。如果
名词是可数名词复数,
谓语动词用复数。
2
,
p>
a+
单数名词
+or
two
做主语时,谓语动词用单数;
one or two
+
复数做主语时,谓语动词用复数。
3
,
means
,
works
等单复数通行的词作主语时,
如果前面有
each
,
every
,
no
,
< br>either
,
neither
等表示单数概念的词修饰时,谓语动
词用单数。如果由
all<
/p>
,
both
,
s
ome
,
any
等表示复数概念的词修
饰
时,谓语动词用复数。
4
,分数,百分比
+of+
名词做主语时
,谓语动词与
of
后的名词保
持一致。
5
,
a
number
of
+
名词,谓语动词用复数。
The
number
of
+
名词,
谓语动词用单数。
6
,
the rest
引导的句子,如果只剩下一个,谓语动词用单数。
如果剩余两个或两个
以上,谓语动词用复数。
7
,在句子中,真正的主语可以被
of
,
in
,
at
,
on
等介词引导的
定语所修饰,
在做定
语从句等相关的题目时,
要找出句子真正的主语
或先行词,不要
被这些介词所引导的定语所迷惑。
另:插入语和反
义疑问句。
插入语
一个句子中间插入一个成分
,<
/p>
它不作句子的何种成分
,
也不和句子
p>
的何种成分发生结构关系
,
同时既不起连接
作用
,
也不表示语气
,
这个
成分称之插入语。
并不影响句子的使用。
常见的插入句如下:
I
think
/ hope / expect / believe /
suppose
,
I am sure
(我可以肯定
地说),
that
is
(
to
say
)
(也就是说),
whats
more
,
whats
worse
,
what is
important / serious
(重要
/
严重的是),
as
we
all
know
(众所周知)
p>
等。
注意:
I
think
/
hope
/
expect
/
believe
/
suppose
等结构在疑问句中为
do you think
/ hope / expect /
believe / suppose
反义疑问句
大的原则:前半句为肯定句,反义疑问句就用否定。前半
句为否
定句,或者带有半否定词的句子,后半句反义疑问句则用肯定。
< br>
1
.当陈述部分的主语是
I
,而句子又用来征询对方的意见时,附
加疑问句中的主语
用
you
。
2
.
如果陈述部分用
I
’
m?
结构,
附加疑问部分一般用
aren
’
t
I
。
3.
当陈述句为
there
be
结构时,
附加疑问句中的主语也用
there
。
4.
陈述部分带有
seldom, hardly, never,
rarely, few,
little,nowhere, nothing
等否定词或半否定词时,附加疑问部分的
动词用肯定形式。
如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀,
那么,该陈述部分作肯定
处理,附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式。
5.
当陈述部分为主从复合句时,
附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主
语和谓语动词保持对应关系。
但当陈述部分的主语是
I
,谓语是
think, believe,
suppose,
expect
这类动词时,附加疑问部分则
往往与从句中的主语和谓语动
词保持对应关系,但要注意否定的转移。
< br>
6
.
当陈述部分是并
列句,
附加疑问句则需和就近的分句的主语和
谓语一致。
7
.在由“祈使句
+
附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中,附加疑问部
分一般
用
will you, won
’
t
you, would you
。
但是,
以
let
’
s
开头的祈使句,
附加疑问部分用
shall
we;
以
let
us
开头的祈使句,如果含义是
allow us
,不包括听话人在内,疑问
部分用
will
you
。
8
.当陈述部分含有情态动词
used to
< br>时,疑问部分可用
usedn
’
t
或
didn
’
t
。
9
.当陈述部分带有情态动词
ought to
时,疑问部分用
oughtn
’
t
或
shouldn
’
t
。
10
.当陈述部分含有
had better
< br>时,疑问部分用
had
。
in advance
事先;提前
on
purpose
故意
adjust to (
使
)
适应于,
把
...
调节到
apply for
申请,请求
assign
to
指派,选派
attempt at
企图,努力
attribute to
把
...
归因于,归咎于
belong to
属于
benefit from
受益,获益
burst out + V-ing
爆发,突然发作
catch
up with
赶上
bine with
结合,联合,化合
concentrate on
集中,专心
cope
with
对付,应付
count on
倚靠,指望
deal with
处理,论述,涉及
dedicate to
奉献,把
...
用在
depend on/upon
依靠,信赖,取决于
differ from
不同
engage in
使从事于,使忙于
equip with
装备,配备
exchange for
交换,调换,兑换
figure out
计算出;领会到
find out
查明,发现
focus on (
使
)
p>
聚焦,
(
使
)
p>
集中
hear
of/about
听到
hear from
收到
...
的<
/p>
(
来信
)
can/could not help +V-ing
禁不住,忍不住
hinder from
阻止,妨碍
involve in
卷入,陷入;牵涉,包含
leave behind
留下,忘记带
major in
主修,专攻
object to
反对,不赞成
persist in
坚持不懈,执意;持续
plunge into
纵身投入,跳入;猛冲;
point out
指出
remind sb. of sth.
使想起
remind sb. to do sth.
提醒某人做某事
resort to
求助;诉诸于,采取,凭借
respond to
响应,回答
result
in
导致,结果是
select from
挑选,选择
separate from (
使
)
分离;
(
使
)
分开
settle
down
定居;解决,调停
share with
分与,分派,分配,分享,共用
specialize in
擅长于,专门研究,专攻
suffer
from
忍受,遭受;使痛苦,患病;
switch
off
切断,
(
用
开关
)
关掉
switch on
接通,
(
用开关
)
开起
affect
v.
影响,传染,
感动
effort n.
努力
effect n.
结果,影响
effective
adj.
有效的;卓有成效
apply v.
申请
application n.
申请书
applicant
n.
申请人
aware
adj.
意识到的,知道的
unaware adj.
没有意识到的(反义词)
appreciate
v.
欣赏,感谢,正确评价
appreciation n.
欣赏,感谢
benefit
n.
益处,好处
v.
有益于,受益
campus n.
(大学)校园
candidate n.
候选人,报考者,申请者
capable
adj.
有能力的,能干的
career n.
职业,生涯,经历
case
n.
案例,情况,事实,病例
challenge n.
挑战,艰巨任务
v.
挑战,要求试
mon
adj.
共同的
character n.
性格
chase v./n.
追逐,追求,寻觅
contract
v.
收缩,缩小
n.
合同,契约
cheat
v./n.
欺骗,作弊,骗子,欺骗行为
check
v./n.
检查,核对
n.
支票
circumstance n.
情况,形势,境遇
plain v.
抱怨,申诉
plaint
n.
抱怨,申诉,疾病
pete v.
竞争,比赛
petition n.
比赛,竞争
petitive
adj.
竞争激烈的;充满竞争的
convenient adj.
方便的,舒适的
convenience
n.
便利,方便,公共厕所
create v.
创造,产生
credit n.
信贷,信任
v.
信任
crisis n
.
危机,决定性时刻,转折点(
)
p>
critical
adj.
决定性的,批判的,危急的
criticize/-ise
v.
批评,评论,指责
cultivate v.
栽培,培养,耕作
culture
n.
文化,教养
curiosity n.
好奇心
custom n.
习惯,风俗
customer n.
顾客
direction n.
方向,方位
disappear
v.
不见,消失
disaster n.
灾难,大祸
discourage
v.
使气馁,阻碍
emotion n.
情感,激情,情绪
emphasis
v./n.
强调,重点
encourage v.
鼓励,激励
enforce
v.
实施,生效,强迫,执行,加强
enlarge
v.
扩大,扩展,详述
ensure v.
保证,担保,确定
enable
v.
是能够,使有能力
enrich v.
使丰富
contrast...with...
把……与……相对
(
对照
)
in
contrast to/with
和……形成对比
by
contrast
对比之下
take sth. under control(
被
)
p>
控制住
out of
control
无法控制
be convenient to/for
对……方便
cope
with(
=
deal
with
,
try to find a solution
to)
应付,处
理
at all
costs
不惜任何代价
at the cost of
以……为代价
emerge
from(
=<
/p>
appear
,
bee
known)
出现,
暴露
(<
/p>
问题,
意见等
)
end
up
with
以……而结束
engage in
或
be engaged
in
忙于,从事
be
equipped with
装备有,装有
except(
=
but)
p>
除了
except
for(
=
apart
from)
除……以外
be
good for
对……有好处;对……有作用
be good at
擅长于;
be good to
对……好
...for
granted(
=
assume to be true)
把……认为理所当然的
be in the habit
of
习惯于
get
(fall) into the habit
of
养成了……的习惯
live from hand to
mouth
勉强度日,现挣现吃
at heart(
=
in
reality)
内心里,实际上
in ones heart(of
hearts)
内心深处,事实上
by heart(
=
by memory)
< br>熟记,背
(
诵
)
with all ones
heart
全心全意地,真心实意
be ignorant of(
=
lacking
knowledge)
对……不了解,不知道
make
(leave)an impression on sb.
=
give
impression
给……留下印象
make the most
(use)of
充分利用
gift talent
by
nature
天生的,生来
in nature
本质上
natural
name
after
用……的名字命名
none other than
不是别人,正是……
nothing
but
只有,不过……而已
it ours to ...
某人想到……
all at once(
=
s
uddenly
,
now)
立即,马上
once in a while(
=
oasionally)
偶尔
in
order
井井有条,处于良好状态;
out of
order(
=
in bad
condition)
出毛病,发生故障
participate
in(
=
take part
in)
参加
be
patient with
对……耐心
perform on the
piano(
=
play the
piano)
演奏钢琴
persist in
坚持,固执
in person
亲自,当面
e to the point
谈主要问题
there is no point in doing
sth.
没必要做某事
point at(
=
indicate
,
direct
attention)
指着
point out(
=
indicate
,
show)
指出,指明
popular
with/among
大众所喜爱的,拥戴
resort
to
诉诸于……,求助于……
resort to force
诉诸于武力
respond to
对……反应,响应,对
(
药
)
有效
in response
to(
=
as an answer
to)
回答,反应
be
responsible for
对……负责,是造成……原因
result in(
=
cau
se)
导致
with
the result that
其结果是
in
return(for)
作为报答;以报答
(for)
get rid
of
摆脱,去掉,除去
be
in the right
正确的;
in the
wrong
错误的
give
rise to(
=
lead
to)
引起,导致
at
the risk of(
=
with danger
of)
冒……的风险
for
the sake of(
=
for the good or
advantage
of)
为了……起
见
be satisfied
with
满意
on a
large scale
大规模地
on schedule
按时,准时
ahead of
schedule
提前;
in
advance
预先;
behind
schedule
落后于计划进度,晚于规定时间
in search
of
寻找;
in
honor of
为了表示对……敬意;
in memory
of
为了纪念……;
in
pursuit of
追求……;
on behalf of
代表……的利益;
in favor
of
赞成……;
in
season
旺季
in
secret
秘密地;
in
private
私下
share
与……分享,分担,分摊,共用
be sorry
about/for
懊悔的,后悔的,难过的
specialize
in
专门研究,专攻
in
spite of(
=
despite)
尽管
stick
to
粘着,坚持
stick
to ones friend
忠于朋友
stick
at(
=
continue
to
work
hard
at)
继续勤奋地致力于……;
stick at ones
books
勤奋读书
be
strict with
对……严格要求
be/go on
strike
罢工
suffer from
患……病;受……苦痛
be suitable for(
=
< br>fit)
适合……的
be surprised at
对……惊奇;
take...by
surprise
使……惊奇;
to ones surprise
使某人惊奇
in good taste
大方,得体;
(
反意
)
in
bad taste
小家子气
in
terms
of(
=
with
regard
to
;
respectively)
按照,
根据,
在……
方面
think of(
=
have the idea of)<
/p>
想到;
(
=
co
nsider)
考虑;
(
=
remember)
想起
on second
thoughts
经再三考虑之后
at the thought of
一想到……
for the time being(
=
temporarily)
暂时
in time
(for)
及时
on
time
准时
at no
time
无论何时也不……
in on time(
=
very
quickly)
立即,马上
at times(
=
oasionally)
间或,时常
at all times(<
/p>
=
always)
始终,总是
be in use
(
=
be
used)
被使用;
be
out of use(
=
be on longer
used)
不再被使用
be
used to
+
V-ing
习惯于
used to
+动词原形<
/p>
(
过去常常做
) in
vain(
=
uselessly)
< br>徒劳
be in the way(
=
obstructive)
碍事,阻碍
by way
of(
=
by going
through)
经由,取道
by the way(
=
in addition)
顺带地
(
转移话题
)
in no
way
无论怎样也不……
in a way
从某种程度上说
against ones will
违心地,违背意愿地
in a word
总之;
in other
words
换言之;
have a word with sb.
谈一谈;
have words with
sb.
争吵;
hav
the last word
有决定权
xx
年珠海成人高考英语是这样考过的。。。
一、选择题解题技巧
做单项选择题时要注意以下几个方面:
1
、先易后难:一些考题的答案比较容易选定,可以先从
这些考题
入手。
平时练习时,
应以基础
为主,
主要精力不应放在偏题、
怪题上。
2
、分析考察意图、运用相关知识:学会分析出题
者考察的意图,
明确相关题的测试点是什么,然后运用所学知识进行分析、判断,再
p>
进行选择。
3
< br>、利用暗示进行选择:注意考题设计的语境范围。平时应注重对
习惯用语表达、惯
用法和中英文化差别等方面知识的积累。
4
、运用排除法:可采取语言排除、逻辑排除、语法排除或选择排
除等方法
。先排除较容易、较明显的错误选项,缩小范围,而后对剩
余的选项进行比较分析,最后
确定答案。
二、完形填空解题技巧
1
、搭配判断法
根据对以往试题的分析,搭配型考题在完形填空题中占的比例最
高。
搭配型问题主要测试常见搭配的熟练程度,
比如说哪些词要搭配