bythetime用法

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2021年02月23日 22:26
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2021年2月23日发(作者:曲折的拼音)


By the time


用法详解





by the time


意为“到……时候(为止)”,是一个介词短语,在句中经常起连词作


用 ,引导时间状语从句


。它的主要用法如下:






1.


如果


从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时,那么主句中的谓语动词通 常用过去完成



时,


表示“截止 到从句动作发生时,主句动作已经完成,即过去的过去”。例如:






By the time he returned home



the rain had stopped.





By the time I got to the station



the train had already gone






2.


如 果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时


/


或现在完成时(表示将来)


,那么主句中的


谓语动词常为将来完成时



表示“截止到将来某一时间为止,


主句动作将已经完成”。







By the time you get back



I shall have finished the work.





By the time I graduate next year, I will have lived here for 5 years.





By the time of next term , we will have learned 3000 words.





3.


如果主句动作不强调已经完成,只是说明某个时候的状况 ,


(主句是


be


的系表形


式或者是表示像


know,


find,


believe


等表示认知的持续性动词,


则往 往用一般时态,


不用完成时态。


)此时主句不用完成时,而应根 据实际需要选用适当的时态,此时


by


the time


相当于


when




例如:





He was out of breath by the time he reached the top.




By


the


time


the


bus


came



so


many


people


were


waiting


that


it


was


a


free


fight


to get on it.


公共汽车来的时候,等车的人很多,成了一场挤车的混战。






By the time he went abroad, he was fourteen.

出国那年他


14


岁。





By


the


time


the


war


was



over


,


death


and


suffering


were


to


be



seen


everywhere.





在战争结束的时候,到处可见死亡和饥饿。


< br>这里没有“死亡和饥饿”已经完成的意


思,只是描述当时这个时间点的状况。所以 用过去时。





巩固练习:






1.



2005


天津卷)


By the time Jane gets home



her aunt _____for London to


attend a meeting.






A. will leave B. leaves





C. will have left D. left





2. By the time you have finished this book, your meal ___ cold.(2012


四川



)





A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting





3.



2009

北京卷)


When I talked with my grandma on the phone



she sounded


weak



but by the time we _____ up



her voice had been full of life.






A. were hanging B. had hung





C. hung D. would hang





4.



Did you see Xiao Li at the party






No


,< /p>


_____by the time I arrived.






A. she



d left B. she



s left





C. she was left D. she must leave




5. By the time I saw the angry expression on his face



I_____ what I had to


face.






A. knew B. have known





C. would know D. had known



6.



20 08


四川卷)


The


telephone_____



but


by


the


time


I


got


indoors



it


stopped.




A. had rung B. was ringing C. rings D. has rung





7.



2008


山东 卷)


By the time he realizes he _____into a trap



it


’ll be



too late for him to do anything about it.






A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked




情态动词用法总结如下表



情态







动词



1.


表示能力(体力,技能)



can



can


not


/


否定式



疑问式



简答式



2.


允许或许可(口语中常用)



cannot



Yes,…can.



3.

< p>
可能性(表猜测,用于否定


句或疑问句中)



/can’t do



Can…do…



No,…can’t.



could



4.


用于肯定句表示理论可能性



couldn’t do



Yes,…may.



May…do…



may



可以(问句中表示请求)



可能,或许(表推测)



祝愿(用于倒装句中)



might



might not do



Might…do…



No,…might not.



must


必须,应该(表主观要求)



must



肯定,

想必


(肯定句中表推测)



do



have


to



只好,不得不(客观的必须,< /p>


有时态和人称的变化)



don’t


have


to


Do…have to do…



do



ought


ought


应当(表示义务责任,口语中


to/oughtn’t


to



多用


s hould




to do



用于一三人称征求对方意见



shall



shall


Yes,…shall.



用于二 三人称表示许诺、


命令、


not/shan’t


警告、威胁等



do



should


应当,应该(表义务责任)



should



本该(含有责备意味)



t do



will


will



意愿,决心



请求,

< br>建议,


用在问句中


would


w ould



比较委婉



not/won’t do



Yes,…will


.



would


not/wouldn’t


do



dare


dare




(常用于否定句和疑问句中)



not/daren’t


Dare…do…



No,…daren’t.



Yes,…dare.



Will/Would…do…



No,…won’t.



not/sh ouldn’


Should…do…




Shall…do…



No,…shan’t.



Ought…to do…



No,…oughtn’t.



not


Yes,…ought.




No,…don’t.



t have



Yes,…do.



not/mustn’t


Must…do…



No,…needn’t/don’


Yes,…must.



may not do




t.



Yes,…might



No,…mu stn’t/can’


do



need


需要,必须(常用于否定句和


need



疑问句中)



do



used


Yes,…used.



not/usedn’t/


used


过去常常(现在已不再)



to



didn’t



use


to


No,…didn’t.



do












usen’t to do



Did…use to do…



Yes,…did.



Used…to do…



No,…use(d)n’t.



not/needn’t


Need…do…



No,…needn’t.



Yes,…must.


学法提炼



must have done



表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测,意为“想必,准是,一定做了某事”;



may/might have done



表示对过去已发生行为的推测,意为“很有可能”;



1) could have done


用于对过去可能性的 推断,意为“可能”,在肯定句中,指“某


事可能是事实或可能会发生”;用于疑问句或 否定句,表示对过去情况的怀疑、否定


can…have done



或惊讶;



cannot have done



2



could have done


意为“本来可以;差点就要”,指“某事可能发生但实际上未发


生”常用于虚拟语气,表示惋惜、遗憾等;



表示“本来可能… …,但实际上没有发生的事情”。另外,还可以表示“本来应该或


might have done



可以做某事”之意,含有轻微的责备语气。



should/ought to



have done



1)


用于肯定句时,表示本该做某事,而实际上未做;用于否定句时,则表示不该做的


事反而做了


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