bythetime用法
-
By the time
用法详解
•
by the time
意为“到……时候(为止)”,是一个介词短语,在句中经常起连词作
用
,引导时间状语从句
。它的主要用法如下:
•
1.
如果
从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时,那么主句中的谓语动词通
常用过去完成
时,
表示“截止
到从句动作发生时,主句动作已经完成,即过去的过去”。例如:
•
By
the time he returned
home
,
the rain had
stopped.
•
By the time I got to the
station
,
the train had
already gone
。
•
2.
如
果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时
/
或现在完成时(表示将来)
,那么主句中的
谓语动词常为将来完成时
,
表示“截止到将来某一时间为止,
主句动作将已经完成”。
•
By the time you get
back
,
I shall have finished
the work.
•
By the time I graduate next year, I
will have lived here for 5 years.
•
By the time
of next term , we will have learned 3000
words.
•
3.
如果主句动作不强调已经完成,只是说明某个时候的状况
,
(主句是
be
的系表形
式或者是表示像
know,
find,
believe
等表示认知的持续性动词,
则往
往用一般时态,
不用完成时态。
)此时主句不用完成时,而应根
据实际需要选用适当的时态,此时
by
the time
p>
相当于
when
。
例如:
•
He was out of breath by the time he
reached the top.
•
By
the
time
the
bus
came
,
so
many
people
were
waiting
that
it
was
a
free
fight
to get on it.
公共汽车来的时候,等车的人很多,成了一场挤车的混战。
•
By
the time he went abroad, he was fourteen.
出国那年他
14
岁。
•
By
the
time
the
war
was
over
,
death
and
suffering
were
to
be
seen
everywhere.
•
在战争结束的时候,到处可见死亡和饥饿。
< br>这里没有“死亡和饥饿”已经完成的意
思,只是描述当时这个时间点的状况。所以
用过去时。
•
巩固练习:
•
1.
(
2005
天津卷)
By the
time Jane gets home
,
her
aunt _____for London to
attend a
meeting.
•
A. will leave B.
leaves
•
C. will have left D. left
•
2.
By the time you have finished this book, your meal
___ cold.(2012
四川
卷
)
•
A.
gets B. has got C. will get D. is
getting
•
3.
(
2009
北京卷)
When I talked with my grandma on
the phone
,
she sounded
weak
,
but by the
time we _____ up
,
her voice
had been full of life.
•
A. were
hanging B. had hung
•
C. hung
D. would hang
•
4.
―
Did you see
Xiao Li at the party
•
―
No
,<
/p>
_____by the time I arrived.
•
A. she
’
d left
B. she
’
s left
•
C. she
was left D. she must leave
•
5. By the time
I saw the angry expression on his
face
,
I_____ what I had to
face.
•
A. knew
B. have known
•
C. would know D. had known
6.
(
20
08
四川卷)
The
telephone_____
,
but
by
the
time
I
got
indoors
,
it
stopped.
A. had rung B. was ringing C. rings
D. has rung
•
7.
(
2008
山东
卷)
By the time he realizes he _____into
a trap
,
it
’ll
be
too late for him to do
anything about it.
•
A. walks B.
walked C. has walked D. had walked
情态动词用法总结如下表
情态
用
法
动词
1.
表示能力(体力,技能)
can
can
not
/
否定式
疑问式
简答式
2.
允许或许可(口语中常用)
cannot
Yes,…can.
3.
可能性(表猜测,用于否定
句或疑问句中)
/can’t do
Can…do…
No,…can’t.
could
4.
用于肯定句表示理论可能性
couldn’t do
Yes,…may.
May…do…
may
可以(问句中表示请求)
可能,或许(表推测)
祝愿(用于倒装句中)
might
might not
do
Might…do…
No,…might not.
must
必须,应该(表主观要求)
must
肯定,
想必
(肯定句中表推测)
do
have
to
只好,不得不(客观的必须,<
/p>
有时态和人称的变化)
don’t
have
to
Do…have
to do…
do
ought
ought
应当(表示义务责任,口语中
to/oughtn’t
to
多用
s
hould
)
to
do
用于一三人称征求对方意见
shall
shall
Yes,…shall.
用于二
三人称表示许诺、
命令、
not/shan’t
警告、威胁等
do
should
应当,应该(表义务责任)
should
本该(含有责备意味)
t
do
will
will
意愿,决心
请求,
< br>建议,
用在问句中
would
w
ould
比较委婉
not/won’t do
Yes,…will
.
would
not/wouldn’t
do
dare
dare
敢
(常用于否定句和疑问句中)
not/daren’t
Dare…do…
No,…daren’t.
Yes,…dare.
Will/Would…do…
No,…won’t.
not/sh
ouldn’
Should…do…
Shall…do…
No,…shan’t.
Ought…to do…
No,…oughtn’t.
not
Yes,…ought.
No,…don’t.
t
have
Yes,…do.
not/mustn’t
Must…do…
No,…needn’t/don’
Yes,…must.
may not do
t.
Yes,…might
No,…mu
stn’t/can’
do
need
需要,必须(常用于否定句和
need
疑问句中)
do
used
Yes,…used.
not/usedn’t/
used
过去常常(现在已不再)
to
didn’t
use
to
No,…didn’t.
do
usen’t to do
Did…use to do…
Yes,…did.
Used…to do…
No,…use(d)n’t.
not/needn’t
Need…do…
No,…needn’t.
Yes,…must.
学法提炼
must have done
表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测,意为“想必,准是,一定做了某事”;
may/might have
done
表示对过去已发生行为的推测,意为“很有可能”;
1) could have done
用于对过去可能性的
推断,意为“可能”,在肯定句中,指“某
事可能是事实或可能会发生”;用于疑问句或
否定句,表示对过去情况的怀疑、否定
can…have
done
或惊讶;
cannot have done
2
)
could have done
意为“本来可以;差点就要”,指“某事可能发生但实际上未发
生”常用于虚拟语气,表示惋惜、遗憾等;
表示“本来可能…
…,但实际上没有发生的事情”。另外,还可以表示“本来应该或
might have
done
可以做某事”之意,含有轻微的责备语气。
should/ought to
have done
1)
用于肯定句时,表示本该做某事,而实际上未做;用于否定句时,则表示不该做的
事反而做了
;