bythetime用法

温柔似野鬼°
815次浏览
2021年02月23日 22:26
最佳经验
本文由作者推荐

-

2021年2月23日发(作者:曲折的拼音)


By the time


用法详解



•



by the time


意为“到……时候(为止)”,是一个介词短语,在句中经常起连词作


用 ,引导时间状语从句


。它的主要用法如下:




•



1.


如果


从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时,那么主句中的谓语动词通 常用过去完成



时,


表示“截止 到从句动作发生时,主句动作已经完成,即过去的过去”。例如:



•




By the time he returned home


,


the rain had stopped.



•



By the time I got to the station


,


the train had already gone


。



•



2.


如 果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时


/


或现在完成时(表示将来)


,那么主句中的


谓语动词常为将来完成时


,


表示“截止到将来某一时间为止,


主句动作将已经完成”。



•





By the time you get back


,


I shall have finished the work.



•



By the time I graduate next year, I will have lived here for 5 years.



•



By the time of next term , we will have learned 3000 words.



•



3.


如果主句动作不强调已经完成,只是说明某个时候的状况 ,


(主句是


be


的系表形


式或者是表示像


know,


find,


believe


等表示认知的持续性动词,


则往 往用一般时态,


不用完成时态。


)此时主句不用完成时,而应根 据实际需要选用适当的时态,此时


by


the time


相当于


when


。



例如:



•



He was out of breath by the time he reached the top.


•



By


the


time


the


bus


came


,


so


many


people


were


waiting


that


it


was


a


free


fight


to get on it.


公共汽车来的时候,等车的人很多,成了一场挤车的混战。




•



By the time he went abroad, he was fourteen.

出国那年他


14


岁。



•



By


the


time


the


war


was



over


,


death


and


suffering


were


to


be



seen


everywhere.



•



在战争结束的时候,到处可见死亡和饥饿。


< br>这里没有“死亡和饥饿”已经完成的意


思,只是描述当时这个时间点的状况。所以 用过去时。



•



巩固练习:




•



1.


(


2005


天津卷)


By the time Jane gets home


,


her aunt _____for London to


attend a meeting.


•





A. will leave B. leaves



•



C. will have left D. left



•



2. By the time you have finished this book, your meal ___ cold.(2012


四川


卷


)



•



A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting



•



3.


(


2009

北京卷)


When I talked with my grandma on the phone


,


she sounded


weak


,


but by the time we _____ up


,


her voice had been full of life.


•





A. were hanging B. had hung



•



C. hung D. would hang



•



4.


―


Did you see Xiao Li at the party


•




―


No


,< /p>


_____by the time I arrived.


•





A. she


’


d left B. she


’


s left



•



C. she was left D. she must leave


•



5. By the time I saw the angry expression on his face


,


I_____ what I had to


face.


•





A. knew B. have known



•



C. would know D. had known



6.


(


20 08


四川卷)


The


telephone_____


,


but


by


the


time


I


got


indoors


,


it


stopped.




A. had rung B. was ringing C. rings D. has rung



•



7.


(


2008


山东 卷)


By the time he realizes he _____into a trap


,


it


’ll be



too late for him to do anything about it.


•





A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked




情态动词用法总结如下表



情态



用



法



动词



1.


表示能力(体力,技能)



can



can


not


/


否定式



疑问式



简答式



2.


允许或许可(口语中常用)



cannot



Yes,…can.



3.

< p>
可能性(表猜测,用于否定


句或疑问句中)



/can’t do



Can…do…



No,…can’t.



could



4.


用于肯定句表示理论可能性



couldn’t do



Yes,…may.



May…do…



may



可以(问句中表示请求)



可能,或许(表推测)



祝愿(用于倒装句中)



might



might not do



Might…do…



No,…might not.



must


必须,应该(表主观要求)



must



肯定,

想必


(肯定句中表推测)



do



have


to



只好,不得不(客观的必须,< /p>


有时态和人称的变化)



don’t


have


to


Do…have to do…



do



ought


ought


应当(表示义务责任,口语中


to/oughtn’t


to



多用


s hould


)



to do



用于一三人称征求对方意见



shall



shall


Yes,…shall.



用于二 三人称表示许诺、


命令、


not/shan’t


警告、威胁等



do



should


应当,应该(表义务责任)



should



本该(含有责备意味)



t do



will


will



意愿,决心



请求,

< br>建议,


用在问句中


would


w ould



比较委婉



not/won’t do



Yes,…will


.



would


not/wouldn’t


do



dare


dare



敢


(常用于否定句和疑问句中)



not/daren’t


Dare…do…



No,…daren’t.



Yes,…dare.



Will/Would…do…



No,…won’t.



not/sh ouldn’


Should…do…




Shall…do…



No,…shan’t.



Ought…to do…



No,…oughtn’t.



not


Yes,…ought.




No,…don’t.



t have



Yes,…do.



not/mustn’t


Must…do…



No,…needn’t/don’


Yes,…must.



may not do




t.



Yes,…might



No,…mu stn’t/can’


do



need


需要,必须(常用于否定句和


need



疑问句中)



do



used


Yes,…used.



not/usedn’t/


used


过去常常(现在已不再)



to



didn’t



use


to


No,…didn’t.



do












usen’t to do



Did…use to do…



Yes,…did.



Used…to do…



No,…use(d)n’t.



not/needn’t


Need…do…



No,…needn’t.



Yes,…must.


学法提炼



must have done



表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测,意为“想必,准是,一定做了某事”;



may/might have done



表示对过去已发生行为的推测,意为“很有可能”;



1) could have done


用于对过去可能性的 推断,意为“可能”,在肯定句中,指“某


事可能是事实或可能会发生”;用于疑问句或 否定句,表示对过去情况的怀疑、否定


can…have done



或惊讶;



cannot have done



2


)


could have done


意为“本来可以;差点就要”,指“某事可能发生但实际上未发


生”常用于虚拟语气,表示惋惜、遗憾等;



表示“本来可能… …,但实际上没有发生的事情”。另外,还可以表示“本来应该或


might have done



可以做某事”之意,含有轻微的责备语气。



should/ought to



have done



1)


用于肯定句时,表示本该做某事,而实际上未做;用于否定句时,则表示不该做的


事反而做了


;


-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-