(完整word版)字母音标教学(详细版)

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2021年02月24日 04:15
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2021年2月24日发(作者:金腰带)


.


字母音标教学



1


、字母的分类:




元音字母:


Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu


辅音字母:


Bb Cc Dd Ff Gg Hh Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn


Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Vv Ww Xx Zz



半元音字母:


Yy



2


、字母自身的音素



字母



音素



字母



音素



字母



音素



字母



音素



Aa


[ei]


Hh


[eit


ʃ


]


Oo


[


ə


u]


Uu


[ju:]


Bb


[bi:]


Ii


[ai]


Pp


[pi:]


Vv


[vi:]


Cc


[si:]



Jj


[d


ʒ


ei]



Qq


[kju:]



Ww


[



d


ʌ


blju:]


Xx


[eks]


Yy


[wai]


Zz


[zed]




Rr


[


ɑ


:]


Ss


[es]


Tt


[ti:]




Kk


[kei]


Ll


[el]


Mm


[em]


Nn


[en]


Dd


[di:]


Ee


[i:]


Ff


[ef]


Gg


[d


ʒ


i:]



.


.



二、国际音标



英语音标发音表



英语国际音标共


48


个音素,其中元音音素


20

< p>
个,辅音音素


28


个。



国际音标(英语语音)



前元音



单元音



元音



中元音



后元音



开合双元音



双元音



集中双元音



清辅音



爆破音



浊辅音



清辅音



摩擦音



浊辅音



辅音



破擦音



浊辅音



鼻音



舌则音



半元音








.


[i:]


[


ʌ


]


[u:]


[ei]


[i


ə


]


[p]


[b]


[f]


[v]


[t


ʃ


]


[d


ʒ


]


[m]


[l]


[w]


[i]


[


ə


:]


[u]


[ai]


[


ε


ə


]


[t]


[d]


[s]


[z]


[tr]


[dr]


[n]


[r]


[j]


[e]


[


ə


]


[


ɔ


:]


[


ɔ


i]


[u


ə


]


[k]


[g]


[


ʃ


]


[


ʒ


]


[ts]


[dz]


[


ŋ


]






[


æ


]




[


ɔ


]


[


ə


u]








[


θ


]


[


ð


]
















[a:]


[au]








[h]














清辅音



(浊辅音)



(浊辅音)



(浊辅音)



.























音标



/i:/


/i/


/e/


/


æ


/


/


ɔ


:/


/


ɔ


/


/a:/


/u:/


/u/


/


ʌ


/


/


ə


:/


/


ə


/


/ei/


/


ə


u/


/ai/


/au/


/


ɔ


i/


/i


ə


/


/


εə


/


/u


ə


/




.
























E/i:/he /hi:/ key /ki:/ three /


θ


ri:/ meet/mi:t/


it /it/ is /iz/ list /list/ his /hiz/ six /siks/


egg/eg/


red/red/



bed


/bed/


pen


/pen/


seven/sev


ə


n/


well/wel/



spell/spel/


am/


æ


m/ bag/b


æ


g/ map/m


æ


p/ black/bl


æ


k/ jacket/

< br>′


d


ʒ


æ


kit/


four /f


ɔ


:/ ball/b


ɔ


:l/ horse/h


ɔ


: s/ saw/s


ɔ


:/ course/k


ɔ


:s/


dog/d


ɔ


g/ orange/< /p>



ɔ


rind


ʒ


/ what /w


ɔ


t/ clock /kl


ɔ


k/


are /a:/ card /ka:d/ last/la:st/


blue /blu:/ ruler /



ru:l

< br>ə


/ to /tu:/ two /tu:/ food/fu:d/







good


/gud/




book


/buk/


look/luk/




put/put/





would/wud/



could/kud/


color/



k


ʌ


l


ə< /p>


/ bus/b


ʌ


s/ but/b


ʌ


t/ love/l


ʌ


v/ brother/

< br>′


br


ʌ


ð

ə


/ mother/



m


ʌ


ð


ə


/


girl /g


ə


:l/ her /h


ə


:/ first/f


ə


:st/




ruler


/

< br>′


ru:l


ə


/


color/



k


ʌ


l


ə


/



better/bet


ə


/



never/nev


ə


/



welcome/welk


ə


m/


A/ei/ name/neim/ cake/keik/ Dale /deil/ eight/eit/ case/keis/



O/


ə


u/ OK /

< p>
ə


u



kei/ know /n


ə


u/ no/n


ə


u/ home/h


ə


um/ hope/h


ə


up/


I/ai/ my/mai/ hi/hai/


nice/nais/


five/faiv/


fine/fain/


white/wait/



how/hau/ about/


ə′


baut/ out/aut/ house/haus/


boy/b


ɔ


i/ toy /t


ɔ


i/ noise/n


ɔ


iz/ voice/v


ɔ


is/ point/p


ɔ


int/ coin/k


ɔ


in/




ear/i


ə


/






here/hi


ə


/



dear


/di


ə


/



near/ni


ə


/



idea/ai


< br>di


ə


/



hear/hi


ə


/


chair /t


ʃ


εə


/ air/


εə


/ tear/t


εə


/ care/k


εə


/ fair /f


εə


/ there/


ðεə


/



tour/tu


ə


/ poor/pu


ə


/ sure/


ʃ


u


ə


/




.


























音标



/p/


/b/


/t/


/d/


/k/


/g/


/f/


/v/


/


θ


/


/


ð


/


/s/


/z/


/t


ʃ


/


/d


ʒ


/


/tr/


/dr/


/


ʃ


/


/


ʒ


/


/ts/




















pen /pen/ map/m


æ


p/ cap/k


æ


p/ please /pli:z/


bag /b


æ


g/ book/buk/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ black/bl


æ


k/ bear/b


εə


/


what /w


ɔ


t/ quilt/kwilt/ list/list/






dog/d


ɔ


g/



good


/gud/


led/led/



sad/s


æ


d/



feed/fi:d/



do/du:/



dear/di


ə


/


key/ki:/ book /buk/ clock/kl


ɔ


k/


bag /b


æ


g/ good /gud/ girl /g


ə


:l/


five/faiv/ fine/fain/ four/f


ɔ


:/ family /


f


æ


m


ə


li/


five/faiv/ have /h


æ


v/ love/l


ʌ


v/ very/



veri/


thank/


θæŋ


k/ three /


θ


ri:/ south/sau


θ


/ bath/ba:


θ


/ thick/


θ


ik/







this


/


ð


is/


that/


ð


æ


t/


brother/



br


ʌ< /p>


ð


ə


/


the /


ð


ə


/ they/


ð


ei/ father

/



fa:


ð

ə


/



spell/spel/ face /feis/


(脸)


mouse/maus/


zero /



zi


ə


r


ə


u/ close/kl


ə


uz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/b


ɔ


iz/ pens/penz/


chair /t


ʃ


εə


/ chess /t< /p>


ʃ


es/


(棋)


lunch/l


ʌ


nt


ʃ


/ teacher /



ti: t


ʃ


ə


/





orange/

< br>′


ɔ


rind


ʒ


/ jacket/



d


ʒ


æ


kit/ Jack/d


ʒ


æ


k/ large/la:d


ʒ


/ juice/d


ʒ



u:s/


tree/tri:/


(树)


try/trai/ truck/tr


ʌ


k/ true/tru:/ trouble/



tr

< p>
ʌ


bl/



track/tr


æ


k/

< p>
dry/drai/(


使



变干


) dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/dri


ŋ


k/ hundred/



h


ʌ



ndrid/


she/


ʃ


i:/ fish/fi


ʃ


/ English /

< br>′


i


ŋ


gli

< br>ʃ


/ sharpener/



ʃ


a:p


ə


n


ə


/ shoe/


ʃ


u:/


pleasure/



ple


ʒ


ə


/ measure/



me


ʒ


ə


/ television/



telivi


ʒ


ə


n/




its/its/


whats/w


ɔ


ts/



let



s/lets/


sports/sp


ɔ


:ts/


writes/raits/



seats/si:ts/


.


.


/dz/


/h/


/l/


/m/


/n/


/


ŋ


/


/j/


/w/


/r/





hands/h


æ


ndz/



stands/st


æ


ndz/


birds/b


ə


:dz/



friends/frendz/



beds/bedz/



how/hau/


her


/h


ə


:/


he/hi:/




hard/ha:d/



him/him/



hear/hi


ə


/



half/ha:f/


ruler


/



ru:l


ə


/


list/list/



like/laik/



late/leit/



learn/l


ə


:n/



light/lait/


my/mai/ map /m


æ


p/ Mary/



meri/ more/m


ɔ


:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/



nice /nais/ nine /nain/ fine/fain/ mind/maind/


evening /



i:vni


ŋ


/ English/



i


ŋ


gli


ʃ


/ sing/si


ŋ


/ wing/wi


ŋ


/ ring/ri


ŋ


/




you/ju:/ yellow


/



jel


ə


u/


few/fju:/


music/



mju:zik/ student/



stju:dnt/



beautiful/bju:t


ə


fl/


what/w


ɔ


t/ well/wel/ white /wait/ work/w


ə


:k/ way/wei/



red /red/ rule r/



ru:l


ə

/ road/r


ə


ud/ write/rait/< /p>



w


不发音


) wrong/r


ɔ


ŋ


/



26


个字母发音规律及英语字母组合 发音表



a /ei/ name



cake



table


/


æ


/ apple cat



map



am


/


α


: /



want



dance


/o/



what



watch


b /b/ book big



bag box


c /k/ cat cake cup clock car


/s/



face nice pencil books


d /d/ desk doll dog dad


e /i:/ he she meet me


/e/ elephant egg bed pen


f /f/ fine friend fly foot fan


g /


ɡ


/ gun glass glad glove








/d


з


/



age



orange


h /h/



hat he house hand


i /ai / fine bike



five



ice


/i/ is sit miss pig picture


j / d


з


/ jeep jam jacket jar


.


k /k/ kite cake black thank


l /l/ leg left ruler flag lamp


/l/ apple bowl tell old


m /m/ am map my mouth milk


n /n/ no know new hand


o /


ə


u / old home nose coke


/o/ dog not clock box


/



/ son month mother love


p /p/ map jeep pig pen apple


q



/kw / quite quilt quick


r /r/ red radio brother racket


s /s/ sit miss this smile books


/z/ nose those rose rulers


t /t/ it sit not that table little


u /ju: / use usually excuse


/



/ bus us sun duck


/ u / put



pull



push


.


v /v /



five vase very seven


w /w/ we window watch want


x /ks /



box



six



fox


y /ai / my fly why bye


/ j /



yes



yellow


/ i /



happy baby very


z / z /



zoo



zero



.


.


元音字母组合发音表






位置



母组合




重读




ar



W




非重读




er



or


重读



非重读



重读




W




非重读




ur


ir









a



ai


重读



非重读



重读



重读音节



读音



例词



例外



[a:]


mark carve article party market March



farm hard


[


כ


:]


warm warn reward war


[


ə


]


grammar


[


ə


:]


service certain serve


[


ə


]


[


כ


:]


worker farmer teacher


form important corner horse




[


ə


:]


work word world worth


[


ə


]


mirror doctor forbid forget


[


ə


:]


church Thursday nurse turn return


[


ə


]


surprise surround murmur



[


ə


:]


thirsty dirty first girl



[ei]


tailor remain grain sail praise raise



brain



said [e]


非重读音节



[i]


captain



[


ə


]


[


כ


:]


[


כ


:]


[


כ


:]


certain


cause


walk ball all talk


draw dawn saw


aunt [a:]


half [a:]


alms [a:]




are[a:]


laugh[a:f]


says [e]






au



al


aw


[


כ


:l]


always almost already although


[e


ə


]


fair affair hair upstairs


[e


ə


]


dare glare share compare careful


[


כ


:]


taught caught daughter naughty


Sunday Monday


heavy


[ei]


delay play say way today


air



are



augh




ay











ea


重读音节





特殊




ee


.


非重读音节



[i]


[e]


[i:]


repeat leaf lead peace disease cream



sweater


thread


headache


breakfast


[ei]


great greatly break


[i


ə


]


real idea theatre


[i:]


sleep freely weed steel degree




.





ear



e


ei



ew







[i


ə


]


appear clear near hear dear ear


[


ə


:]


heard learn earn early search


[e


ə


]


wear bear swear pear


[i]


receive seize ceiling


heart [a:]





sew[


ə


u]


here [i


ə


]



key [i:]



diet[ai


ə


]


quiet[ai


ə


]



broad[


כ


:]


abroad[


כ


:]



wool[u]


foot[u]


food[u:]


flood [


۸


]


blood [


۸


]


poor[u


ə


]


[ju:]



few new news



[l]



[r]


[u:]


blew flew threw drew




ere



[e


ə


]


there where



ey


重读音节



[ei]


grey hey obey


monkey donkey


[ei]


weight eight eighty


[i:]


piece thief field chief


[ai]


lie tie die


[ai


ə


]


wire inspire hire tire


[


ə


u]


loaf road soap coat boat


[


כ


i]


[


כ


i]


voice noise point choice


toy boy joy joyful


非重读音节



[i]


eigh







ie



i


ire



igh













o


oa


oi


oy




oo





[ai]


right fight night high bright light



在其他字母


[u:]


roof choose school shoot





k



d




[u]


took look cook stood wood good


oor





ou









ough


[


כ


:]


floor door


[au]


pound rouse mountain trousers ground



thousand


shoulder[


ə


u]


[


۸


]


couple


cousin


double


country


touch


soul[


ə


u]


trouble


[u:]


route group routine soup


[u]


[


כ


:]


could should would


fought bought brought thought


though[


ə


u]


plough [au]


cough [


כ


f]


through[u:]


thorough[


ə


]


.


.


enough [


۸


f]



ow




[au]


down brown flower



[


ə


u]


bowl


sow


window


row


owner


low


show


throw


knowledge[


כ


]


grow


[u


ə


]


sure surely





重读音节



u


ure


非重读音节



[


ə


:]


pleasure




























.


.




辅音字母组合发音(全)



字母组合



ble


ch


ck


cle


deg


ge


gh


gu


gn


gue


kn


mb


mn


ng


nk


nc


ph


ple


qu


sc


sh


sion


ssion


stle



.


发音




bl





ʧ





k





ʃ





k





kl





d3





d3





f




有时不发音




ɡ


w





ɡ





n





ɡ





n





m





m





ŋ





ŋɡ



< /p>



ŋ


k





ŋ


k

< p>




f





pl





kw





s






ʃ





3n




∕∫


n





sl








able table possible


chair


school


machine


jacket


uncle circle bicycle


bridge judge knowledge


age change village huge


laugh


eight daughter


language


guess


sign foreign


league


know knife knee knit


climb


autumn


morning


English


thank


uncle


phone


apple people example


quilt


science scent scissor


she


conclusion invasion


expression discussion


castle whistle rustle


.




tal


tain


tch


th


tion


tle


ture


wh


wr


kn


dge


-ing


-tion


-ture


-sion










.



tl





tn





ʧ





ɵ





ð




∕∫


n





tl





t



ε



< /p>


一般情况下发∕


w



在字母


O


前发∕


h





r





n





ʤ





ɪ


ŋ





ʧ


ə


n




< br>ʃ


ə


n





ʧ


ə





ʒ


ə


n




capital hospital


britain certain


watch


thanks


this


nation station dictionary


gentle battle bottle


picture nature mixture


what


who


write


know


bridge


standing


question


dictionary


picture


decision


.



音节



什么叫音节?



音节



以元音为主体构成的发音单位, 一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,


不能单独构成音节(


[m]



[n]



[ng]



[l]


例外)


。从单词拼写形式上看,有几个元字组就有几个


音节。< /p>



什么是成音节?





成音节的含义

:


音标中


,


一个辅音字母加上一个


[m]



[n]



[l],


构成成音节





例词


:noodle['nu:dl]




在英语中元音特别响亮,一个元音 可构成一个音节,一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素


结合也可以构成一个音节。一般说来, 元音可以构成音节,辅音不响亮,不能构成音节。


但英语辅音字母中有

< br> 4


个辅音


[m]



[n]



[ng]



[l]


是响音,它们和辅音音素结合,也可

构成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾,一般是非重读音。



如何划分音节



①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。



例如:


let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter


②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时, 如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个


音节,如果前面一个音节里的元音是 短音,则辅字组属于前面一个音节。



例如:长音


pa-per stu-dent fa- ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther





短音


sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er


什么是重读音节



< br>重读音节指的是单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重

< p>
读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。



什么是开音节?





开音节分两种,一种叫绝对开音节,相对开音节。


< p>
在开音节中,元音字母发长音


(



身音


)






绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没 有辅字组的重读音节。例如:


me, be, he, no,


go, so


②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字 母,再加一个不发音字母


e


构成的重


读 音节。例如:


name these bike home excuse




如何识别开音节和闭音节?



.

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


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