2002年真题及解析

巡山小妖精
887次浏览
2021年02月24日 10:44
最佳经验
本文由作者推荐

-

2021年2月24日发(作者：原来爱情会过期)


鲤鱼网



2002


年全 国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题




Section I Use of English



Directions


：



Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and


mark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)



Comparisons


were


drawn


between


the


development


of


television


in


the


20th


century


and


the


diffusion


of


printing


in


the


15th


and


16th


centuries.


Yet


much


had


happened


1 .


As


was


discussed


before,


it


was


not 2 the


19th


century


that


the


newspaper


became the dominant pre-electronic_ 3 _


，


following in the wake of the pamphlet


and the book and in the 4 of the periodical. It was during the same time that


the


communications


revolution 5 up,


beginning


with


transport,


the


railway,


and


leading 6 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 7


th


the 20


century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that


Process in 8 . It is important to do so.


It


is


generally


recognized, 9 ,


that


the


introduction


of


the


computer


in


the


early 20th century, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the


1960s, radically changed the process, 11 its impact on the media was not


immediately 12 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful,


and


they


became


“personal”


too,


as


well


as


13 ,


with


display


becoming


sharper


and


storage




14





increasing.


They


were


thought


of,


like


people,




15


generations, with the distance between generations much 16 .


It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to


be


widely


used


to


describe


the 17 within


which


we


now


live.


The


communications


revolution has 18 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about


place


and


time,


but


there


have


been 19 view


about


its


economic,


political,


social


and cultural implication


s. “Benefits” have been weighed


20


“harmful”


outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.



1.


［


A


］


between


［


B


］


before


［


C


］


since < /p>


［


D


］


late r


2.


［


A


］


after


［


B


］


by


［


C


］


dur ing


［


D


］


until


3.


［


A


］


means


［


B


］


method


［


C


］


med ium


［


D


］


measure


4.


［

< br>A


］


process

< br>［


B


］


company


［


C


］


lig ht


［


D


］


form


5.


［


A


］


gathered


［


B


］


speeded


［


C


］


wor ked


［


D


］


picked


6.


［


A


］


on


［


B


］


out


［


C


］


ove r


［


D


］


off


7.


［


A


］


of


［


B


］


for


［


C


］


bey ond


［


D


］


into


8.


［


A


］


concept


［


B


］


dimension


［


C


］


eff ect


［


D


］


perspective


9.


［


A


］


indeed


［


B


］


hence


［


C


］


how ever


［


D


］


therefore


10.


［

< p>
A


］


brought

< p>
［


B


］


followed


［


C


］


sti mulated


［


D


］


characterized


11.


［< /p>


A


］


unless < /p>


［


B


］


sinc e


［


C


］


lest


［


D


］


although


12.


［


A


］


apparent


［


B


］


des irable


［


C


］


negative


［


D


］


plausible


鲤鱼网



鲤鱼网



13.

［


A


］


institutiona l


［


B


］


universal


［


C


］


fundamental


［


D


］


instrumental


14.


［


A


］


abi lity


［


B


］


capability


［


C


］


capacity


［


D


］


faculty


15.


［


A


］


by means of


［


B


］


in terms of


［


C


］


with regard to


［


D


］


in line with


16.


［


A


］


deepe r


［


B


］


fewer


［


C


］


nearer


［

< p>
D


］


smaller


17.


［


A


］


context


［


B


］


range


［


C


］


scope


［


D


］


ter ritory


18.


［


A


］


regarded


［


B


］


impressed


［


C


］


influen ced


［


D


］


effected


19.


［


A


］


competitive


［


B


］


controversial


［


C


］


dis tracting


［


D


］


irrational


20.


［


A


］


above


［


B


］


upon


［


C


］


aga inst


［


D


］


with



Section II Reading Comprehension



Part A


Directions:


Read


the


following


four


texts.


Answer


the


questions


below


each


text


by


choosing


[A],


[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)



Text 1



If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how


to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the


audience


and


should


help


to


show


them


that


you


are


one


of


them


or


that


you


understand


their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom


you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group


of


managers,


you


may


refer


to


the


disorganized


methods


of


their


secretaries;


alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their


disorganized bosses.


Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses


’


convention, of a story which


works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives


in


heaven


and


is


being


shown


around


by


St.


Peter.


He


sees


wonderful


accommodations,


beautiful


gardens,


sunny


weather,


and


so


on.


Everyone


is


very


peaceful,


polite


and


friendly


until,


waiting


in


a


line


for


lunch,


the


new


arrival


is


suddenly


pushed


aside


by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and


stomps


over


to


a


table


by


himself.


“


Who


is


that?


”



the


new


arrival


asked


St.


Peter.


“


Oh, that


’


s God,


”


came the reply,


“


but sometimes he thinks he


’


s a doctor.


”



If


you


are


part


of


the


group


which


you


are


addressing,


you


will


be


in


a


position


to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it


’


ll be


appropriate


for


you


to


make


a


passing


remark


about


the


inedible


canteen


food


or


the


chairman


’


s


notorious


bad


taste


in


ties.


With


other


audiences


you


mustn


’


t


attempt


to


cut


in


with


humor


as


they


will


resent


an


outsider


making


disparaging


remarks


about


their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to


scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.


If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more


natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can


deliver


in


a


relaxed


and


unforced


manner.


Often


it


’


s


the


delivery


which


causes


the


鲤鱼网



鲤鱼网



audience


to


smile,


so


speak


slowly


and


remember


that


a


raised


eyebrow


or


an


unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.


Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar


quote


“


If


at


first


you


don


’


t


succeed,


give


up


”



or


a


play


on


words


or


on


a


situation.


Search for exaggeration and understatement. Look at your talk and pick out a few


words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.



21. To make your humor work, you should .


[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience


[B] make fun of the disorganized people


[C] address different problems to different people


[D] show sympathy for your listeners


22. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are .


[A] impolite to new arrivals


[B] very conscious of their godlike role


[C] entitled to some privileges


[D] very busy even during lunch hours


23. It can be inferred from the text that public services .


[A] have benefited many people


[B] are the focus of public attention


[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor


[D] have often been the laughing stock


24. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered .


[A] in well- worded language


[B] as awkwardly as possible


[C] in exaggerated statements


[D] as casually as possible


25. The best title for the text may be .


[A] Use Humor Effectively


[B] Various Kinds of Humor


[C] Add Humor to Speech


[D] Different Humor Strategies



Text 2




Since


the


dawn


of


human


ingenuity,


people


have


devised


ever


more


cunning


tools


to cope


with


work


that


is dangerous, boring,


burdensome, or


just


plain nasty. That


compulsion


has


resulted


in


robotics


—


the


science


of


conferring


various


human


capabilities


on


machines.


And


if


scientists


have


yet


to


create


the


mechanical


version


of science fiction, they have begun to come close.


As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos


whose


presence


we


barely


notice


but


whose


universal


existence


has


removed


much


human


labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done


at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the


鲤鱼网



鲤鱼网



transaction.


Our


subway


trains


are


controlled


by


tireless


robot-drivers.


And


thanks


to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are


already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with


submillimeter accuracy


—


far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can


achieve with their hands alone.


But


if


robots


are


to


reach


the


next


stage


of


laborsaving


utility,


they


will


have


to


operate


with


less


human


supervision


and


be


able


to


make


at


least


a


few


decisions


for


themselves


—


goals


that


pose


a


real


challenge.


“


While


we


know


how


to


tell


a


robot


to


handle


a


specific


error,


says


Dave


Lavery,


manager


of


a


robotics


program


at


NASA,


“


we can't yet give a robot enough


‘


common sense


’


to reliably interact with a


dynamic world.


”



Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed


results.


Despite


a


spell


of


initial


optimism


in


the


1960s


and


1970s


when


it


appeared


that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of


the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that


forecast by decades if not centuries.


What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's


roughly


one


hundred


billion


nerve


cells


are


much


more


talented


—


and


human


perception


far more complicated


—


than previously imagined. They have built robots that can


recognize


the


error


of


a


machine


panel


by


a


fraction


of


a


millimeter


in


a


controlled


factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and


immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing


on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face


in


a


big


crowd.


The


most


advanced


computer


systems


on


Earth


can't


approach


that


kind


of ability, and neuroscientists still don


’


t know quite how we do it.



26. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in



.


[A] the use of machines to produce science fiction.


[B] the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.


[C] the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.


[D] the elite


’


s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.


27. The word


“


gizmos


”

(line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means



.




[A] program s


［


B


］


experts




［


C


］


devices




［


D


］


creatures


28. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot


that can



.


[A] fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.


[B] interact with human beings verbally.




[C] have a little common sense.




[D] respond independently to a changing world.




29. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also



.




[A] make a few decisions for themselves.


[B] deal with some errors with human intervention.




[C] improve factory environments.


[D] cultivate human creativity.


鲤鱼网



鲤鱼网



30. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are



.


[A] expected to copy human brain in internal structure.


[B] able to perceive abnormalities immediately.




[C] far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.


[D] best used in a controlled environment.



Text 3




Could


the


bad


old


days


of


economic


decline


be


about


to


return?


Since


OPEC


agreed


to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $$26 a barrel,


up


from


less


than


$$10


last


December.


This


near-tripling


of


oil


prices


calls


up


scary


memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they


also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double- digit inflation and


global


economic


decline. So where are the


headlines warning of gloom


and doom this


time?


The


oil


price


was


given


another


push


up


this


week


when


Iraq


suspended


oil


exports.


Strengthening


economic


growth,


at


the


same


time


as


winter


grips


the


northern


hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.


Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less


severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for


a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes


account


for


up


to


four-fifths


of


the


retail


price,


so


even


quite


big


changes


in


the


price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.


Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less


sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels


and


a


decline


in


the


importance


of


heavy,


energy- intensive


industries


have


reduced


oil


consumption.


Software,


consultancy


and


mobile


telephones


use


far


less


oil


than


steel


or


car


production.


For


each


dollar


of


GDP


(in


constant


prices)


rich


economies


now


use


nearly


50%


less


oil


than


in


1973.


The


OECD


estimates


in


its


latest


Economic


Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $$22 a barrel for a full year, compared with


$$13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only


0.25-0.5%


of


GDP.


That


is


less


than


one-quarter


of


the


income


loss


in


1974


or


1980.


On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies


—


to which heavy industry has


shifted


—


have


become


more


energy-intensive,


and


so


could


be


more


seriously


squeezed.


One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike


the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general


commodity-price


inflation


and


global


excess


demand.


A


sizable


portion


of


the


world


is


only


just


emerging


from


economic


decline.


The


Economist


’


s


commodity


price


index


is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and


in 1979 by almost 30%.



31. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is_______


[A] global inflation.



[B] reduction in supply.


[C]fast growth in economy.



[D] Iraq


’


s suspension of exports.


鲤鱼网



鲤鱼网



32. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up


dramatically if______.


[A] price of crude rises. [B] commodity prices rise.


[C] consumption rises. [D] oil taxes rise.


33. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries_______.




［


A


］


heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive.


［


B


］


income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices.


［


C


］


manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed.


［


D


］


oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP.


34. We can draw a conclusion from the text that_______.



［


A


］


oil-price shocks are less shocking now.


［

< p>
B


］


inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks.


［


C


］


energy conservation can keep down the oil prices.


［


D


］


the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry.


35. From the text we can see that the writer seems__________.

［


A


］


optimistic.


［


B


］


sen sitive.


［


C


］


gloomy.


［


D


］


scared.



Text 4



The Supreme Court


’


s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important


implications


for


how


medicine


seeks


to


relieve


dying


patients


of


pain


and


suffering.


Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted


suicide,


the


Court


in


effect


supported


the


medical


principle


of


“


double


effect


”


,


a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects


—


a good


one


that


is


intended


and


a


harmful


one


that


is


foreseen


—


is


permissible


if


the


actor


intends only the good effect.


Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses


of


morphine


to


control


terminally


ill


patients


’


pain,


even


though


increasing


dosages


will eventually kill the patient.


Nancy


Dubler,


director


of


Montefiore


Medical


Center,


contends


that


the


principle


will


shield


doctors


who


“until


now


have


very,


very


strongly


insisted


that


they


could


not


give


patients


sufficient


medication


to


control


their


pain


if


that


might


hasten


death”


.


George


Annas,


chair


of


the


health


law


department


at


Boston


University,


maintains


that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the


doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death.


“


It


’


s like surgery,


”


he says.


“


We don


’


t call those deaths homicides because


the


doctors


didn


’


t


intend


to


kill


their


patients,


although


they


risked


their


death.


If you


’


re a physician, you can


risk


your patient


’


s suicide as long as you don


’


t


intend


their suicide.


”



On


another


level,


many


in


the


medical


community


acknowledge


that


the


assisted-suicide


debate


has


been


fueled


in


part


by


the


despair


of


patients


for


whom


modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.


Just


three


weeks


before


the


Court


’


s


ruling


on


physician-assisted


suicide,


the


鲤鱼网



鲤鱼网



National


Academy


of


Science


(NAS)


released


a


two- volume


report,


Approaching


Death:


Improving


Care


at


the


End


of


Life


.


It


identifies


the


undertreatment


of


pain


and


the


aggressive


use


of


“


ineffectual


and


forced


medical


procedures


that


may


prolong


and


even dishonor the period of dying


”


as the twin problems of end-of-life care.


The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,


to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare


billing code for hospital- based care, and to develop new standards for assessing


and treating pain at the end of life.


Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning


medical


initiatives


translate


into


better


care.


“


Large


numbers


of


physicians


seem


unconcerned


with


the


pain


their


patients


are


needlessly


and


predictably


suffering


”


,


to the extent


that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse”. He says medical


licensing


boards


“must


make


it


clear...that


painful


deaths


are


p


resumptively


ones


that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension”.




36. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that .


[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients


’


pain


[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives


[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide


[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide


37. Which of the following statements its true according to the text?


[A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients


’


death.


[B]


Modern


medicine


has


assisted


terminally


ill


patients


in


painless


recovery.


[C]


The


Court


ruled


that


high- dosage


pain-relieving


medication


can


be


prescribed.


[D] A doctor


’


s medication is no longer justified by his intentions.


38.


According


to


the


NAS


’


s


report,


one


of


the


problems


in


end-of-life


care


is .


[A] prolonged medical procedures [B] inadequate treatment of pain


[C] systematic drug abuse [D] insufficient hospital care


39.


Which


of


the


following


best


defines


the


word


“


aggressive< /p>


”



(line


4,


paragraph


7)?


[A] Bold. [B] Harmful. [C] Careless. [D] Desperate


40.


George


Annas


would


probably


agree


that


doctors


should


be


punished


if


they .


[A] manage their patients incompetently


[B] give patients more medicine than needed


[C] reduce drug dosages for their patients


[D] prolong the needless suffering of the patients



Part B


Directions:


Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments


into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10


points)



鲤鱼网



鲤鱼网



Almost


all


our


major


problems


involve


human


behavior,


and


they


cannot


be


solved


by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of


behavior,


but


we


have


been


slow


to


develop


the


science


from


which


such


a


technology


might


be


drawn.


（


41


）


One


difficulty


is


that


almost


all


of


what


is


called


behavioral


science


continues


to


trace


behavior


to


states


of


mind,


feelings,


traits


of


character,


human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and


advanced


only


when


they


discarded


them.


（


42


）


The


behavioral


sciences


have


been


slow


to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed


and


partly


because


other


kinds


of


explanations


have


been


hard


to


find.


The


environment


is


obviously


important,


but


its


role


has


remained


obscure.


It


does


not


push or pull, it


selects


, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.


（< /p>


43


）


The


role


of


natural


selection


in


evolution


was


formulated


only


a


little


more


than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and


maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and


studied.


As


the


interaction


between


organism


and


environment


has


come


to


be


understood,


however,


effects


once


assigned


to


states


of


mind,


feelings,


and


traits


are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior


may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it


replaces


traditional


prescientific


views,


and


these


are


strongly


entrenched.


Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty.


（


44


）


They are the possessions of


the


autonomous


（


self- governing


）


man of traditional theory, and


they are essential


to


practices


in


which


a


person


is


held


responsible


for


his


conduct


and


given


credit


for


his


achievements.


A


scientific


analysis


shifts


both


the


responsibility


and


the


achievement


to


the


environment.


It


also


raises


questions


concerning


“values”.


Who


will use a technology and to what ends?


（


45


）


Un til these issues are resolved, a


technology


of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only


way to solve our problems.



Section III Writing




46. Directions:


Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures



National and



International”.



In the essay you should


1. describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and


2. give your comment on the phenomenon.


You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)


鲤鱼网



鲤鱼网





An American girl in traditional Chinese costume


（服装）





第一部分



英语知识应用试题解析





一、文章总体分析



本文主要介绍了计算机的发展对通信革命及人们的生存方式产生的影响。


文章第 一段从


早期的通信革命入手，


指出在


1 5


、


16


世纪和


20


世纪之间发生了很多事情，


特别是通信革命


加快了步伐。第二段接着提到


20


世纪计算机的出现 极大地改变了这一进程。第三段指出随


着计算机的发展，


我们步 入了一个信息社会。


在计算机影响下，


通信革命改变了我们的工 作


和休闲方式，也影响了我们的思考和感知方式。在结尾部分，文章提到，当然，关于这 种通


信革命在经济、政治、社会和文化各方面的影响是利大于弊还是弊大于利，还存在争 议。




二、试题具体解析



1. [A] between


在„当中，在空间、位置或时间的中间



[B] before


在此之前早些时候，在„前面



[C] since


自从„以后，以前



[D] later


后来，稍后，随后



[


答案


] A


[


解析


]


本 题考核的知识点是：


时间副词的用法辨析


。


解此题关键看两个方面，一是理解文章第一句话的含义：人们曾对


20


世纪电视的发展


以及


15


世纪和


16


世纪印刷术的传播进行了比 较。二是注意转折连词


yet


的用法，


yet


一般


标志着接下来的内容与前面的内容出现了较大的不同 ，


如：


She


said


she


would


be


late,


yet


she


arrived


on


time.< /p>


（她说她会迟到，但她却准时到达了）


。文中第二句话结构非常简 单，


主语和谓语都无法体现与第一句话的强烈对照，


这时只能通 过空格里填入的时间状语来体现


了，因此这个时间副词应与第一句话中的时间状语


in


the


20th


century


和


in


the


15th


and


16th centuries


相呼应并对照。接下来关键看这 个时间副词表示的是哪个时间段，


15


、


16


世纪之前，


20


世纪之后还是两 者之间。其实我们从下文中的


the 19th century


也可以推断


出正确答案是


between

，即“然而，在这两个时段之间却发生了很多事情”


。



2. [A] after [B] by [C] during [D] until


鲤鱼网



鲤鱼网



[


答案


]



D



[


解析


]


< /p>


本题考核的知识点是：


固定句型


。



空格所在的句子是一个强调句型：


it was +


时间状语


+ that


。四个选项中能与


not


搭配的只有


u ntil


，


not


until


表示“直到„„才„„”


，整个句意是“直到十九世纪，报纸


才成为电子时代到来前主要的„„”


。如：


It was not until the


afternoon that


he


begun


to tackle the problem.


（直到下午他才开始解决问题）


。



知识点补充：在这种强调状语的结构中，


表示状语的成分可以是单词、


词组或句子。强


调句子时可以是主语从句、宾语从句或状语从句。如：


It


was


at


an


evening


party


that


I


first met her.


（强调地点状语）


；


It was because the water had risen that they could


not cross the river.


（强调原因状语从 句，引导词只能用


because


，不能用

since


，


as


或


why


）


；


It is what you will do that is essential.


（强调主 语从句）


。



3. [A] means


方式，方法，手段


[B] method


方法



[C] medium


（表达或传播的）媒介


[D] measure


措施，步骤，方法




[


答案


] C


[


解析


]


本题考核的知识点是：


名词词义辨析


。



本


题


相


关


部分


是


the


newspaper


became


the


dominant pre-electronic_


3



_,


following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book


，其中


in the wake of


意为“紧


跟„之后，接踵而来”


，如：


Outbreaks


of


disease


occurred


in


the


wake


of


the


drought.


（那场旱灾过后，疾病肆虐）


。因此整个句子的含义是“报纸继宣传 册和书之后成为电子时


代到来前主要的


__ 3_ _


”从句意来看，空格处填入的名词应概括


newspaper


、


pamphlet


和


book


的共同特点，根据常识，报纸、宣传册和图书都只能是传播信息的媒介（


medium


）


，


而 不是方法或措施。


Medium


可特指


“大众传播手段，


包括报纸、杂志、


广播或电视等”

< p>
，


如：


Commercial television is a medium for advertising.


（商业电视是一种广告媒介）


。



词汇 补充：


注意


means


和


medium


都可以表示借以成就某事或达到某目的人或物。


means


(


单复数同形


)


可以指人或物，其含义为“手段”或“工具”


。这个词不仅用于 具体的东西，


也可以用于抽象的意念。


如：

Thoughts


of


one


individual


could


be


communicated


to


another


by


means


of


speech


（一个人的思想能够借助于语言传递给另一个人）


；


medium


的含义是


“媒


介，手段”


，通过它能完成、传输或转移某种事物的东西：如：


Air is a medium of sound.


（空气是声音传播的媒体）


。



method


所表示的“方法”可以指做某件事的具体步骤或程序，也可以指抽象概念“条


理”


，如：


To do this, scientists have to devise methods using radar and underwater

< p>
television.


（为此，科学家还要设计出使用雷达和水下电视的 方法）


；


measures


表示“手< /p>


段，策略，为达到目的采取的行动，权宜之计”


，如：

< p>
They took strong measures against


dangerous drivers.


（他们对危害公众的司 机采取强硬的措施）


。



4. [A] (in the) process (of)


在„„过程中



[B] (in the) company (of)


在„„陪伴下，与„„同时出现



[C] (in the) light (of)


按照，根据



[D] (in the) form (of)


以„„的形式



[


答案


] B



[


解析


]



本题考核的知识点是：


上下文语义


+


介词短语辨析


。



文章相关部分是


newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic


medium, following


in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical


，从


结构上来看，现在分词结构


follow ing in the wake of


和介词短语


in the 4 of


是并


列成分，都做主句的伴随状语 ，


newspaper


，


pamphl et and book


，


periodical


也是三个平


鲤鱼网



鲤鱼网



行的部分，它们之间的关系是通过


in the


wake


of


和


in the 4 o f


两个部分来体现的。


分词结构


fol lowing in the wake of


„意为“随着宣传册和书的出现以后”< /p>


，体现了时间上


的先后。因此空格处的动词构成的短语应既需要与 分词结构表并列含义，又需要体现


newspaper


和


periodical


之间的时间关系。四个选项从意义上来看，只有


B


符合。



5. [A] gathered (up)


收集，蜷缩，概括



[B] speeded (up)


加速



[C] worked (up)


逐步建立，逐步发展，逐步引起，整理



[D] picked (up)


拾起，染上，学到，整理，收听到，好转



[


答案


] B


[


解析


]


< /p>


本题考核的知识点是：


动词短语辨析


。< /p>



本题要求考生判断哪个动词可以与


up


搭配，构成短语动词，且符合文意。该动作的发


出者是前面的主 语


communication revolution


。根据语义，恰当选项是


speeded up


，表示


“通信革命加速发展”


。文 中所在句子用了强调结构


It was during the same time that


，


强调时间状语


19


世纪，表明在这一时期不但报纸成为主要媒介，而且通信革命也取得了重


大的成果：运输业、铁路、电报、电话、无线电、电影都在发展。


知识点补充：与


up


搭配组成的短语动词还包括：


beat up


（毒打）


，


choke up


（说不出


话）


，


d ress


up


（盛装）


，

< p>
end


up


（结束）


，


hold


up


（阻止，妨碍）


，


mix


up


（混 淆）


，


play


up


（强调）


，


sign up


（签约）


，


take up


（从事）


，


wash up


（洗餐具）等。



例句补充：


The child gathered up his toys and put them away.


（孩子把他的玩具


收拾起来放好）


；


I worked up this business from nothing.


（我在一无所有的情况下把 这


个事业逐步发展起来的，


或，


我白手 起家）


；


Trade


has


been


slack


for


the


past


six


months,


but it is now picking up.


（过去六个月里商业一直很萧条，但现在情况正在好转）


。



6. [A] (lead) on


引导，率领„„继续前进



[B] (lead) out


开始，领舞伴起舞



[C] over


不与


lead


搭配



[D] (lead) off


（


begin


）开始



[


答案


] A


[


解析


]



本题考核的知识点是：


短语动词搭配


+


副词词义辨析


。



事实上本题和下一个题目可以一起解答。


因为第六空和第七空是所在句子整体中 不可分


割的两个部分。考生首先需判断选项中哪个副词可以与


l ead


和


through


搭配。首先排 除


over


，


它不能与


lead


搭配。


从结构上看，


空格所在部分中的


beginning


with


„和


leading


„


都是 现在分词状语成分，


说明通信革命是怎样加速发展的：


开始于运 输和铁路，


接着通过电


报、电话、收音机和电影的发展，直到二 十世纪的汽车和飞机。四个选项只有副词


on


可以


表示“继续，向前”的含义，用在句子中强调“电报、电话、收音机和电影行业推动通信革

< p>
命的继续发展”


。



7. [A] of


„的，属于„的；有关„的



[B] for


为了；代表；以„为目的地；因为



[C] beyond


超出（理解、范围、眼界）之上



[D] into


进入„之内；成为„状态



[


答案


] D



[


解析


]


本 题考核的知识点是：


介词用法辨析


。



根据上一题的分析，句子空格处需要一个介词和前面的


begi n with


，


lead on through


一起来表达通信革命发展的全过程。选项中只有


into

符合，而且它和前面的


leading


相呼


应，表达“进入


20


世纪的汽车和飞机时代”


。



鲤鱼网



鲤鱼网



8


．



[A] concept


观念，概念



[B] dimension


长度，宽度，高度，尺寸，大小



[C ]


（


in


）


e ffect


实际上，事实上，简直是



[D]


（


in


）

perspective


正确地、如实的（观察事物）



[


答案


] D



[


解析


]


本题考核的知识点是：


句内语义


+


介词短语搭配


。


本题要求考生判断哪个名词和介词


in


搭配构成副词短语。 空格所在句子是


Not


everyone sees that process in 8


（并不是每个人都„地看待这个过程）< /p>


。首先排除


concept


和

< p>
dimension


，它们一般不和


in


搭配，


即使搭配了，所表达的含义“在观念上看待


这个过程”和“在尺度上看待这个过程”也不符合文意。


in


effect


为固定搭配，如：


They


have no formal contract, but he is, in effect, her manager.


（他们之间没有正式合

同，但他实际上是她的经理）


，但它在文中能表达的含义“实际上看待这个过程”也 不符合


逻辑；只有


in perspective


放入句中，表示“并不是每一个人都能正确地看待这一问题”


。



知识点补充：


in perspective


和


in one


’


s right perspective

< p>
都是固定搭配，都表


示“正确、如实地（观察事物）


”


，如：


see problems in their right perspective


（如实


地看待问题）


。



另外，该句中，代词

< br>everyone


与


not


搭配 使用，表部分否定，意思是“不是每个人”


。


类似的代词或副词 还有


all


，


both


，


every


，


everyd ay


，


everybody


，


many


，


everything


，


entirely


，


ab solutely


，


always


，< /p>


completely


，


often


，


wholly


等，它们和


not


一起表达出


“并非都是，不是每个都是”的含义 。如：


Both of them are not my brothers.


（他们两


个不全是我的兄弟）


。


I


do


not


remember


all


those


formulas.


（这 些公式我并非全都记得）


。



9. [A] indeed


实际上，确实



（表强调）


[B] hence


因 此，所以，


（表因果关系）



[C] however


然而，


（表转折关系）


[D] therefore


因此，


（表因果关系）

< p>


[


答案


] C


[


解析


]


< /p>


本题考核的知识点是：


逻辑关系


。



从结构上看，空格所在句子是一个


it


做形式主语的完整的主语从句


It is generally


recognized that the introduction of the computer radically changed the process


。


空格由两个逗号隔开，


在主语从句中是插入语。


从四个选项看，


这里需填入一个逻辑连接词，


表明这个 句子和其前文之间的逻辑关系。



从语义上看，第一段主要论述 在


15


、


16


世纪和


20


世纪之间发生了很多事情，如：

报纸


等媒介的出现和通信革命的发展。


第二段一、


二句综合指出正确看待这个过程很重要。


从空


格 所在这一句开始，文章提出“计算机的出现极大地改变了这个进程”


，可以判断这里的逻


辑关系为转折。选项中只有


however

表转折。



知识点补充：


像


however


这类逻辑连接副词在句中的位置可以是句首、


句中或句尾，


而


当在用于句中时，与句子其他部 分既可用逗号也可用分号隔开，如：①


However, not


everybody agreed.


②


The visitor came to the door; however,


it was too


late for


him


to


get


in.


③


The


composition


is


all


right;


there


is


room


for


improvement,


however.


10. [A] brought


带来



[B] followed


跟随



[C] stimulated


刺激


,


激励



[D] characterized


表现„„的特色，刻画的„„性格



[


答案


] B



[


解析


]


< /p>


本题考核的知识点是：


过去分词辨析


。< /p>



空格所在部分


10 by


the


invention


of


the


integrated


circuit


during


the


1960s


鲤鱼网



鲤鱼网



是插入成分，插在了


that


引导的主语从句的主语


the introduction


of the computer


和谓


语


radically


chan ged


之间，修饰从句的主语。从选项可看出空格处将填入过去分词，考生


关键要判断主语“计算机在


20


世纪早期问世”和插 入成分“集成电路在


20


世纪


60


年代发


明”之间是什么联系，显然这两件事是时间先后关系。从词义 上来看，只有


follow


表示时


间先 后关系，符合题意。本题最具干扰的选项是


brought


，但 考生注意


20


世纪初期出现的


电脑不可 能由比它还晚（


20


世纪


60


年代）出现的集成电路所带来。



11. [A] unless


除非，


（引导条件状语从句）

< p>


[B] since


自„„以来，既然 ，


（引导时间、原因状语从句）



[C] lest


惟恐，以免，


（引导 条件状语从句）



[D] although

< br>虽然，尽管，


（引导让步状语从句）




[


答案


] D


[


解析


]



本题考核的知识点是：


逻辑关系


。



在做本题之前，先做第


12


题比较好。空格前文提到，计算机的出现大大改变了这种进


程，接着空格下文 又说它对媒体的影响没有立即见效。显然，


这里的逻辑关系为让步。

四个


选项中，只有


although


符合要求，意为“极大地改变了这一进程。虽然对媒体的影响并没


有立即见效。


”



12. [A] apparent


明显的



[B] desirable


值得要的，合意的，令人想要的， 悦人心意的



[C] negative


否定的，消极的，负的，阴性的



[D] plausible


似是而非的



[


答案


]



A


[


解析


]



本题考核的知识点是：


上下文语义


+


形容词词义辨析


。



空格所在句子是


its impact on the media was not immediately 12


，其中


its


指代的是


the computer


’


s


。首先排除


p lausible


，因为我们不能说“影响不是立即似是而


非的 ”


。其次，根据上下文的逻辑，考生可推出虽然计算机的影响很大，但这个影响不是一< /p>


蹴而就的，


它刚出现时应该没有像现在这样得到这么广泛的使用，


因此它对媒体的影响不是


立刻就很明显的（

apparent


）


。


desir able


更强调主观上的愿望，如：


a


home


computer


with


many desirable features .


（有许多理想性能的家庭计算机）


。但计算机的影响不是我们 主


观上能决定的。



13. [A] institutional


惯例的；公共机构的，社会事业性质的


[B] universal


全体的，普通的，大众化的



[C] fundamental


基础的，根本的，必要的



[D] instrumental


起作用的，有助于，一般做表语



[


答案


] A


[


解析


]



本题考核的知识点是：


句内语义


+


形容词词义辨析


。


< br>从结构上来看，空格所在句子中的代词


they


指代前面 的


computers


，逗号后的


an d


连


接了两个并列句子，即上句的


sm aller and more powerful


与下文的


personal as well as


13


相对应。


上句的


smaller


和


powerful< /p>


在含义上有转折，


意为


“虽然越来越小却 越来越


强”


，因此空格所填入的词也应与


personal


相对照。如果从字面上理解


persona l


，它的含


义是


“私人的、个人的”< /p>


，


universal


可以是它的反义词 ，


但


universal


多做定语，< /p>


强调


“普


遍性”


，如；


universal


interest


（普遍感兴趣）


，而且它在文中表达的含义“不仅被普遍使

用，也被个人使用”也不符合逻辑；只有


institutional


与


personal


相对应，指出“电脑


不再仅仅是团体而且也成了个人使用的工具”


，符合文意。



例句补充：


Technical innovation is instrumental in improving the qualities of


鲤鱼网



鲤鱼网



products.


（技术革新有助于提高产品的质量）



14. [A] ability [B] capability


[C] capacity [D] faculty


[


答案


] C


[


解析


]


< /p>


本题考核的知识点是：


名词词义辨析


。< /p>



从结构上看，空格所在句子是


with


引导的分词独立结构：


with display


（逻辑主语）


becoming


sharper


（现在分词结构）


and


storage 14


（逻辑主语）

< p>
increasing


（现在分


词）


，


来修饰前面的主句做状语。


从语义上看，


“计算机也成了个人工具，


是随着其显示效果


（


display


）


越来越清晰


（


sharper


）


和 存储„的提高”


，


因此空格和


stor age


搭配后应指


“


（计


算机的）


存储能力”


。


考生 关键要判断哪个名词能与


storage


搭配。


四个选项都可以表示


“能


力”


，但只有


capacity


可以指承受力或容纳力，和


storage


是固定搭配，表“存储能力”


。


例如：


The hall has a seating capacity of 200 people


（大厅可容纳


200


人）


。



知识点补充：


ability


指去做某件事情的能力（精神的 或生理的）


，如


children


’< /p>


s


ability to learn


（孩子们的学习能力）


；


capability


强调生长、发展或成功的一种潜能。


如：


The little girl has great capability as a singer and should be trained.


（这


个小女孩很有当歌 手的才能，应该加以训练）


；


faculty

< br>指内在的、天生的力量或能力，如：


the faculty to learn languages


（学语言的能力）


。



15. [A] by means of


用„，依靠„，通过„



[B] in terms of


按照，在„方面，从„角度



[C] with regard to


关于



[D] in line with


符合，和„一致



[


答案


] B


[


解析


]


< /p>


本题考核的知识点是：


介词短语辨析


。< /p>



空格所在句子是


They were thought of, like people, 15 generations

< p>
，其中


主语


they


指的 仍然是


computers


，插入语意为“像人一样”


，谓语是被动语态形式


were


thought of


，指“被考虑，被想”

< br>，可见，空格和


generations


（一代人，世代 ，衍生代）


一起做状语，修饰谓语，说明电脑是怎样被看待考虑的。因此考生重点要区分


A


、


B


选项，


A


选项


by means of


强调“用某种方式或手段”


，而


B


选项


in terms of


可以强调用某个字 眼、


措辞及它所传达的概念，如：


Give the answer in terms of a percentage.


（用百分比来< /p>


回答）


。根据文意，


“计算机与人一样， 都可以按照代（


generations


）来划分”

< p>
，这里使用


generation


更多地是借用这 个词和它的概念，因此正确选项为


B


。



例句补充：


Thoughts


are


expressed


by


means


of


words.


（思想用词汇来表达）


；


The


work


is not very profitable in terms of cash, but I am getting valuable experience from


it.


（

< br>这个工作从钱的角度来说不是非常有利可图，


但我从中获得了宝贵经验）


；


He


would


make


no concession in regard to his own rights.


（他在关于自己权利的方面不会作出让步）


；


That isn


’


t in line with my ideas at all.


（那和我的想法根本不一致）


。



16. [A] deeper [B] fewer


[C] nearer [D] smaller


[


答案


] D


[


解析


]



本题考核的知识点是：


习惯搭配


。



本题要求考生判断哪个形容词的比较级可以修饰


the dis tance


。选项中只有


smaller


可以，表示“距离减小”


。注意，英文中不能用


near


形容


distance


来表达“距离近”< /p>


，而只


用


small

或


big


这类的词来形容距离的远近。许多考生选择了


A


或


C


，是因为受 到了中文思


维的影响，觉得距离可以是深浅和远近。



鲤鱼网



鲤鱼网



17. [A] context


（事情发生的）环境，



背景



[B] range


山脉；


（种类变化的）范围，幅度；



射程



[C] scope

< p>
（处理，研究事物的）范围；


（做某事物的）机会


,


余地



[D] territory


领土


,


版图



[


答案


] A


[


解析


]


< /p>


本题考核的知识点是：


名词词义辨析


。< /p>



空格所在句子是一个强调句型


It was within the computer age that„，其大意是：


正是在这个计算机时代，


“信息社会”开始被广泛用来描述我们现在所生活的„„。


information society


描述的当然是

< p>
society


，因此考生关键要判断哪个选项和


society


属


于同一语义范畴，


显 然我们不能说


society


是


“范围


（


range/scope


）


”


或


“领土


（


territory


）


”


，


而只能说是一种“环境或背景（


context

< p>
）


”


。



18. [A] regarded


看待，把„作为，尊敬，涉及


[B] impressed


留下印象，盖印



[C] influenced


影响


[D] effected


产生，招致，实现



[


答案


] C


[


解析


]


< /p>


本题考核的知识点是：


动词词义辨析


。< /p>



空格所在句子是


The communications revolution has 18 both work and


leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time


，因此考生需判断哪个


动词可以描述句子主语


“通信革命”


对宾语


“我们的工作和休闲方式以及对时间和空间的思


考和感知方式”所做 的动作。显然


influenced


是正确选项，句意为“通信 革命影响了我们


的众多方式”


，其他三个选项和


work


和


leisure


搭 配后从语义上都讲不通。



例句补充：


I


have


always


regarded


him


highly.


（我总把他看 得很高）


；


I


wrote


down


whatever impressed me during the journey.


（我记下旅行过程中使我感动的所有事物）< /p>


；


The new manager effected several changes in the company.


（新来的经理在公 司里促成


了好几次改革）


。



19. [A] competitive


竞争的


[B] controversial


有争议的



[C] distracting


注意力不集中的


[D] irrational


无理性的，不合理的



[


答案


] B


[


解析


]



本题考核的知识点是：


上下文语义


+


形容词词义辨析


。


< br>本题要求考生判断哪个形容词可与


view


搭配，并符合 文意。首先排除


distracting


，

它不和


view


搭配。


其次，


从转折连词


but


可知空格所在部分


there


have


been 19 view


表示的意思和前文相反。


前文指出

“通信革命影响了我们工作、


休闲及思考和感知的方式”


，


空格所在句子指出“但是关于其在经济、政治、社会和文化上的含义的看法却„”


。此外，


从下文中的


benefits


和


harmful


的对比以及最后一句的


And


generalizations


have


proved


diffi cult


（现在形成统一的看法还有困难）也可以知道，人们对这个通信革命影响的看法


是褒贬不一的，


，


因此，


该看法是有争议的


（


controversial< /p>


）


，


而不是竞争的


（


competitive


）


或不合 理的（


irrational


）


。



20. [A] above


在„上，超出


[B] upon


在„上



[C] against


对照，对比，与„相反


[D] with


和„，同„在一起



[


答案


] C


[


解析


]


< /p>


本题考核的知识点是：


习惯搭配


。



解答本题，考生关键要知道


weigh


sth.


against


sth.


或


sth.


is


weighed


against


sth.


是固定搭配 ，意为“权衡，斟酌”


，如：


weigh one plan against another


（比较一计划与


另一计划的优 劣）


。空格所在句子的含义是“把利益和产生的弊端进行了权衡”


。




鲤鱼网



鲤鱼网



三、


全文翻译




人们曾对


20


世纪电视的发展以及


15


世纪和


16


世纪印刷术的传播进行了比较。然而，


在这两个时段之间发生了 很多事情。


正如前面所讲的，


直到十九世纪，

< br>报纸才继宣传册和书


之后，


伴随着期刊的出现，成为电子 时代到来前主要的传播手段。


在同一时间，通信革命也


加快了步 伐，先从运输和铁路开始，紧接着是电报、电话、收音机和电影，直到二十世纪的


汽车和 飞机。




并不是每一个人都能正确地 看待


（通信革命发展）


这一进程，


但这 一点非常重要。


然而，


人们普遍认识到二十世纪初期计算机的出 现，


及随后六十年代集成电路的发明，


在极大程度


上改变了这一进程，


虽然它对媒体的影响并没有立即见效。

< br>随着时间的推移，


计算机变得越


来越小，


功能却更加强。


它们不仅被单位，


也被个人使用。


计算机的图像显示变得更加清晰，


储存容量也在增加。


它们被看作和人一样，可以分成几代。每一代的距离也在缩小。正是在


计算机 时代，


“信息社会”这个词语开始被广泛地用于描述我们现实的生活环境。通信革命


改变了我们的工作和休闲方式，


同时也改变了我们对时间和空间的思 考和感知方式。


但对这


一革命在经济、


政治、社会和文化上的含义，


人们还有争议。


人们把利益和产生 的弊端进行


了权衡，但很难得出一个概括性的结论。




第二部分



阅读理解试题解析



Part A



第一篇





一、文章结构总体分析


< p>
本文是关于幽默的一篇说明文，


旨在教会读者如何使用幽默。


文章从三个层次讲述使用


幽默时应该注意的问题，并多次举例说明。



第一段：


第一句话是主题句，


说明为了达到幽默的效果，


必须知道如何识别听话者共有


的经历和问题，针对不同的听众谈不同的幽默话题。该段主要使用说理的论证手段。



第二段：举例证明上面的观点。



第三段：推理说明为什么第一段提出的方法会达到幽默的效果。



第四段：谈论幽默很重要的一个方面是注意练习，让它显得自然随意。

< br>


第五段：举例说明获得幽默的重要方法——主动寻找幽默。




二、试题具体解析



21.


To


make


your


humor


work,


you


21.


要使自己的幽默让人发笑，


你应当



should .


_


。



[A] take advantage of different kinds of


[A]


利用不同类型的听众



audience



[B] make fun of the disorganized people


[B]


取笑杂乱无章的人



[C]


address


different


problems


to


[C]


对不同的人谈不同的问题



different people



[D] show sympathy for your listeners


[D]


对你的听众表示同情



[


答案


] C



[


解析


]


< /p>


本题考核的知识点是：


段落主旨题


。



鲤鱼网



鲤鱼网



本题考查的是局部信息，


考生关键要理解第一段。


该段首句指出，


如 果你想在谈话中用


幽默使人发笑，


你就必须知道如何辨别共同的 经历和共同的问题。


接着作者又对此进行了解


释，即：你的幽默 必须与听众相关，


显示你是他们中的一员，


或你理解他们的处境 并赞成他


们的观点。作者在第三句得出结论，即“


Depend ing on whom you are addressing, the


problems will be different


（针 对不同的听众，谈及不同的问题）


”


。由此可知，


C


选项恰


好是对该段中心的概括，为正确答案。



A


选项虽然在某种程度上谈到了“不同的 听众”的重要性，但没有接着阐述听众不同应


该怎样做，而且它出现了文中没有的内容： 利用听众。


B


选项是该段最后举例说明的内容，


if


you


are


talking


to


a


group


of


managers,


you


may


refer


to


the


disorganized


methods


of


their


secretaries;


alternatively


if


you


are


addressing


secretaries,


you


may


want


to comment on their disorganized bosses


。但这只是用来论证“听众不同问题不同”这


个论点的一个具体 个案，


缺乏普遍性，


无法由此而得出取笑他们就总会使幽默起作 用的结论，


因此不能选。


D


选项就是该 段第二句谈到的


in sympathy with their point of view


，但是


它仅仅是“对不同的人谈不同的问题”这个中心 论点的部分解释，不具备完整性和概括性。



答题技巧：


本题要求考生透过字里行间去把握段落主题句。


注意主题句一般是观点 而非


描写、


说明或事实。


段落中除了表 观点的主题句外，其他的内容一般起说明或论证作用，并


且，主题句大都具有归纳性、概 括性、抽象性等特点。



22. The


joke


about


doctors


implies


that,


22.


从那个关于医生的笑话里推出护士对


in


the


eyes


of


nurses,


they


医生的看 法是他们


____


。



are .



[A] impolite to new arrivals


[A]


对新来的人没有礼貌



[B]


very


conscious


of


their


godlike


role


[B]


非常在乎自己上帝般的角色



[C] entitled to some privileges


[C]


享有某些特权



[D] very busy even during lunch hours


[D]


用午餐时都很忙


[


答案


] B


[


解析


]



本题考核的知识点是：


推理引申题


。< /p>



本题考查考生概括理解具体例子的能力，


考生关键要把握作者通过举例手法所表达的观


点。作者在第二段讲述了一则嘲笑医生的 笑话。笑话中上帝的动作


rush to grab


和


stomp


over


都表明了上帝的傲慢和目中无人，而圣彼德的话“但是有时他认为自己是一名医生”

< br>表明医生也有同样的特点，即无礼、傲慢、自以为像上帝一样。由此可知，


B


选项为正确答


案。



A


选项不是笑话中暗示的医生的普遍特点，


我们无法从笑话中 得出医生对所有新来的人


都不礼貌。而


C


选项和


D


选项都没有嘲笑他们的意味，因此也不对。



23.


It


can


be


inferred


from


the


text


that


23.


从文中可以推出 ，公共服务


____


。



public services .



[A] have benefited many people


[A]


给许多人带来利益



[B] are the focus of public attention


[B]


是公众注意的焦点



[C]


are


an


inappropriate


subject


for


[C]


不适合作为幽默的笑料



humor



[D] have often been the laughing stock


[D]


经常是大家的笑料< /p>


[


答案


] D



[


解析


]


< /p>


本题考核的知识点是：


推理引申题


。



本题要求考生根据第三段的内容去推测最后一句的含义。


文章第三段指出，


如果谈话者


是听话者中的一分 子，就可以用双方共同的经历作为幽默的素材，否则，这样做就不合适。


鲤鱼网



鲤鱼网



最后指出，


这时如果拿公共服务行业作为替罪羊（


scapegoats< /p>


）去评论，


你就会处于安全境


地。


这就说明即使对不同的听众也可以以它们为笑料，


也就是说它们是大家 经常谈论的笑料。


因此


D


选项为正确答 案。


C


选项恰与原文意思相悖。


A


选项未提到，


因为当作笑料并非就是


带 来利益。


B


选项似乎也有道理，但是他的针对性不如

< p>
D


选项。



24.



To


achieve


the


desired


result,


24.


为了达到预期 的效果，幽默故事应该以


humorous


stories


should


be


____


方式讲述。



delivered .



[A] in well-worded language


[A]


话语措辞得当；



[B] as awkwardly as possible


[B]


尽可能地不自然；



[C] in exaggerated statements


[C]


用夸张的词语；



[D] as casually as possible


[D]


尽可能自然。


[


答案


] D


[


解析


]


< /p>


本题考核的知识点是：


段落主旨题


。



本题要求考生理解第四段的主题思想。


文 章第四段指出，


如果在讲述幽默时感到有些不


自然，就必须加以 练习，使之变得更自然。你可以加入一些随便的、看上去是即兴


（


off-the-cuff


）的话，


用轻松的、


自然的方式把它说出来。


让听众发笑的通常是讲述幽默


的过程，因此应该放慢语速，再加上一些表情，这些都在告诉人们你在讲述笑话。


从该 段的


一些关键词


natural


，


relaxed


，


unforced


和


light-hearted


等，都可看出


D


选项才是讲幽


默故事的正确方法。< /p>



A


选项是文中未出现的内容；


B


选项与文章内容相悖；


C

选项是在第五段中谈到搜集幽


默素材时应该留意的内容之一，只是列举，同样不具有 概括性，因而不能入选。


鲤鱼网



鲤鱼网



25.


The


best


title


for


the


text


may


be . 25.


这篇文章最好的标题是



。




[A] Use Humor Effectively [A]


有效地使用幽默



[B] Various Kinds of Humor [B]


各种各样的幽默



[C] Add Humor to Speech [C]


在谈话中添加幽默



[D] Different Humor Strategies [D]


不同的幽默策



[


答案


]


A



[


解析


]


< /p>


本题考核的知识点是：


文章主旨题


。



本题考的是对全文的理解，


是总括题，< /p>


要求考生综合各段主题找出全文的主旨。


文章第

< br>一至三段谈的是选择恰当的幽默话题，


以求实现幽默效果；


第四段谈论的是自然随意的幽默，


可以达到幽默效果；


第五段 建议人们留意幽默，


并指出了幽默可能存在的地方，


也就是实现


幽默的一些策略方法。因此可知，


A


选 项是全文都在谈论的论点，为正确的答案。



B


选项不符合文章的主要内容，因为文中并未举出幽默有哪些种类。


C

< p>
选项也不是全文


探讨的问题。


D

< br>选项只是最后一段间接涉及的一些内容，如：对一句常言进行歪曲，玩弄语


言文字 或情景，夸大其词或是故意地轻描淡写等以求实现幽默的效果，因此无法概括全篇。




三、文章长难句分析与佳句赏析



长难句分析：



①


Your


humor


must


be


relevant


to


the


audience


and


should


help


to


show


them


that


you


are


one


of


them


or


that


you


understand


their


situation


and


are


in


sympathy


with


their point if view.


本句主干是


Your humor must be...and should help to show...


，不定式


to show


后


是两个


that


引导的宾语从句：


that you are one of the them


以及


that you understand


their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view


，中间用


or


连接。



②


Here is an example, which I heard


at a nurses


’


convention, of a story which


works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.


该句的主干是：


Here


is


an


example


of


a


story


，


example


后是非限定性定语从句


which


I heard...


做定语；


story


后是限制性定语从句


which works well


做定语，其中又含有一


个原因状语从句


bec ause...


。


work


意思是“起 作用，有效”


。如：


How


long


does


a


sleeping


pill take to work?


安眠药要多长时间才起作用？



③


If


you


are


part


of


the


group


which


you


are


addressing,


you


will


be


in


a


position


to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you


and


it


’


ll be


appropriate


for


you


to


make


a


passing


remark


about


the


inedible


canteen


food


or


the


chairman


’


s notorious bad taste in ties.


该句子有多重结构。第 一重是，句首


if


引导的条件从句和主句构成主从复合句。


if


从


句充当主句的条件状语，主句由两个 并列的分句构成：


you will be...and it


’


ll be


appropri ate....


。


第二重是，


if


从句中的


group


后接有一个限定性定语 从句


which


you


are < /p>


addressing


做定语，主句中前一个分句中不定式的宾语


the


experiences


and


problems


后


接


which

引导的定语从句做定语，后一分句的结构是


it


’


ll


be


appropriate


for


sb.


to


do


sth....


。



be in a position to do sth.


意思是“由于客观或主观条件”可能做某事。如：


He is


in a position to


marry.


他有条件结婚。


passing


意思是：粗略的，随便的，仓促的。如：


a passing mention


顺便提及。



④


With other audiences


you mustn


’


t attempt


to


cut in with humor


as they will


鲤鱼网



鲤鱼网



resent


an


outsider


making


disparaging


remarks


about


their


canteen


or


their


chairman.


句中


as


引导的是原因状语从句，< /p>


will


在这里是情态动词，


表示某种推 测。


cut


in


with


sth.


意思是“以„„插入”


。

< p>


佳句赏析：



①


Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.


这就是我们常说的“因人而异”的英文版说法。



②


If


you


are


talking


to


a


group


of


managers,


you


may


refer


to


the


disorganized


methods


of


their


secretaries;


alternatively


if


you


are


addressing


secretaries,


you


may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.


两个


if


条件从句的并列、


talking to


和


addressing


、


r efer to


和


comment on


的替换


以及


disorganized


的重复，使该句子变化中有重复，动中有静。





四、核心词汇与超纲词汇



(1)


identify


（


v.


）认出，识别；鉴定；


identific ation


（


n.


）识别，身份证明， 简写


成


ID


。



(2)


sympathy


（


n.


）同情，同感；


be


in


～


with


sb./sth.


同意，赞同。如：


We


are


all


in


～


with


your


proposals.


s ym-


前缀表示“相同的”


；


anti -


表示“相反的”


，如：


antipa thy


反感。



(3) addres s


（


v.


）与„说话，向„致辞，演说 ；从事，忙于



(4)


altern atively


（


ad.


）作为选择， 或者；这个词在写作中常用来引导另外一个平行


的观点或意见；


alternative


（


a./n.


）二者择一（的）


，选择性（的）



(5) convention


（


n.


）大会，协定，习俗，惯例；


conventional


（


a.


）



(6)


accommodations


（


n.


）住处，住所；座位，车厢；适应；便利的设备，有帮 助的事


物



(7) St. Peter


圣彼德，


St.


是


Saint


的缩写，是人们对耶稣基督的尊称。



(8) stomp


（


n./v.


）跺脚，践踏，重踏



(9) pas sing


（


a.


）经过的，短暂的，匆 匆的，随便的，偶然的，及格的



(10)

< br>notorious


（


a.


）声 名狼藉的，臭名昭著的；


notorious


是一个贬义词。表 示“名


气很大”的贬义词还有


infamous


。褒义词很多，如：


famous


，

< br>well-known


，


renowned


等。



（


11


）


resent


（


v.


）愤恨，怨恨，对„感觉不愉快；


resentment

< p>
（


n.


）



（


12


）


disparag ing


（


a.


）蔑视的，轻视的，毁谤 的



（


13


）


scapegoat


（


n.

< p>
）替罪羊。记住


goat


，与“羊”有关的词语还 有


black


sheep


害群


之马。



（


14


）


understatement


（


n.


）一种修辞手法，故意的轻描淡写；


un der-


前缀表示“未达，


未满，


不足 ”


，


如：


undertreatmen t


处理不足或不力，


underestimate


，


underripe


不成熟的。

< br>


（


15


）

turn about


转变，改变意见，转身，反复思考





鲤鱼网



鲤鱼网



五、全文翻译



如果你想在谈话中用幽 默来使人发笑，你就必须知道如何识别共同的经历和共同的问


题。


你的幽默必须与听众有关，向他们表明你是他们中的一员，或者你了解他们的处境并


同 情他们的观点


。


（长难句①）


根据谈话 对象的不同，问题也有所不同。


（佳句①）


如果你


在和一群经理谈话，你就可以评论他们秘书紊乱的工作方法；相反，如果你在和一群秘书


谈话，你就可以评论他们毫无章法的老板。


（佳句②）



下面举一个例子，它是我在一个护士大会上听到的。这个故事效果很好，因为听众对


医生都有同样的看法。


（长难句②）一个人到了天堂，由圣彼得 带着他参观。他看到了豪华


的住宅、美丽的花园、晴朗的天气等等。所有人都很安静、礼 貌和友善，然而当这位新来的


人在排队等候午餐时，


突然被一位 穿白大褂的人推到一旁。


只见这人挤到了队伍的前头，


抓


起他的食物，噔噔地旁若无人地走到一张餐桌旁。


“这是谁啊


?


”新来的人问圣彼得


,


“哦，


那是上帝，


”他回答说，


“但 有时也认为自己是一名医生。


”



如果 你是你谈话对象集体中的一员，你就有条件去了解你们所共有的经历和问题，你


就可对餐 厅极难吃的食物或者总裁在选择领带方面差劲的品味进行评头论足。


（长难句③）


而对于其他听众，你就不能试图贸然地讲这种幽默，因为他们也许不喜欢外人对他们的餐


厅或总裁有如此微词。


（长难句④）但如果你选择去评论邮局或电话局 这样的替罪羊，那你


就会很安全。



如 果你在幽默时感到很别扭，


你应该进行练习使它变得更自然。


包 括一些很随便的、


看


上去是即兴的话，


你可以用轻松的、


不做作的方式把它们说出来。


常常是你说话的 方式使听


众发笑，


因此说慢一些，


并且 记住扬扬眉毛或者做出一种不相信的表情都会向人们显示你正


在说笑话。



留意幽默，


它常常是在出其不意的时候出现。


它可以是一句常言的歪曲如


“你要是一开


始不 成功，就放弃”


，或者是调侃词藻和场景；寻求夸大其词和轻描淡写；考虑一下你的谈< /p>


话，选出一些词汇和句子，对它们反复琢磨，并注入一些幽默。




第二篇





一、文章结构总体分析


< p>
本文是一篇关于机器人科技发展的文章。


文章首先介绍机器人科技发展取得 的成果，


接


着谈到它的局限性，即机器人和人类在智能上的差距 。



第一、


二段：

指出自从人类开始有了创造力，


就一直在设计日益巧妙的工具去处理那些

< p>
危险的、困难的工作，其结果是机器充斥了人类的生活并节省了许多劳动力。



第三至五段：


指出机器人如果要进入节省劳力的下一个阶段 ，


它必须能够独立地解决问


题，


但是这 是一个艰巨的任务。


目前研究人员已经将机器人模仿人脑活动的预想向后推迟了


数十年，甚至数百年，因为人脑在迅速变化的环境中的高聚焦能力是机器人无法做到的。




二、试题具体解析



26.


Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated 26.


人类智慧最初表现在



。



in .


［


A


］


the use of machines to produce science


［


A


］使用机器去创作科幻小说



fiction


［


B


］


the wide use of machines in manufacturing


［


B


］制造业中机器的广泛使用



industry


鲤鱼网


-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-