人教版 英语 必修四 课文 电子版
独具慧眼-迁户口申请书
Unit 1 Women of achievement
Reading
A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE
It is 5:45
am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National
Park in East Africa.
Following Jane’s way of
studying chimps, our group are all going to visit
them in the forest.
Jane has studied these
families of chimps for many years and helped
people understand how
much they behave like
humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is
our first activity of
the day. This means
going back to the place where we left the family
sleeping in a tree the
night before.
Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees
while the family beings to
wake up and move
off. Then we follow as they wander into the
forest. Most of the time,
chimps either feed
or clean each other as a way of showing love in
their family. Jane warns
us that our group is
going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon
and she is right.
However, the evening makes
it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and
her babies
play in the tree. Them we see them
go to sleep together in their nest for the night.
We
realize that the bond between members of a
chimp family is as long as in a human family.
Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp
behaviour. She spent years observing and
recording their daily activities. Since her
childhood she had wanted to work with animals in
their own environment. However, this was not
easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in
1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in
the forest. Only after her mother came to help
her for the first few months was she allowed
to begin her project. Her work changed the
way people think about chimps. For example,
one important thing she discovered was that
chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone
had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts.
She actually observed chimps as a group
hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also
discovered how chimps communicate with each
other, and her study of their body language
helped her work out their social system.
Four forty years Jane Goodall has been
outspoken about making the rest of the world
understand and respect the life of these
animals. She has argued that wild animals should
be
left in the wild and not used for
entertainment or advertisements. She has helped
to set up
special places where they can live
safely. She is leading a busy life but she says:
“Once I
stop, it all comes crowding in and I
remember the chimps in laboratories. It’s
terrible. It
affects me when I watch the wild
chimps. I say to myself, ‘Aren’t they luck?’ And
then I
think about small chimps in cages
though they have done nothing wrong. Once you
have
seen that you can never forget…”
She
has achieved everything she wanted to do: working
with animals in their own
environment, gaining
a doctor’s degree and showing that women can live
in the forest as men
can. She inspires those
who want to cheer the achievement of women.
Using language
WHY NOT CARRY ON
HER GOOD WORD?
I enjoyed English, biology,
and chemistry at school, but which one should I
choose to
study at university? I did not know
the answer until one evening when I sat down at
the
computer to do some research on great
women of China.
By chance I came across an
article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a
specialist in
women’s diseases. She lived
from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had been
very busy in
her chosen career, traveling
abroad to study as well as writing books and
articles. One of
them caught my eye. I was a
small book explaining how to cut the death rate
from having
and caring for babies. She gave
some simple rules to follow for keeping babies
clean,
healthy and free from sickness. Why
did she write that? Who were the women that Lin
Qiaozhi thought needed this advice? I looked
carefully at the text and realized that it was
intended for women in the countryside.
Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not
reach a doctor.
Suddenly it hit me how
difficult it was for a woman to get medical
training at that time.
That was a generation
when girl’s education was always placed second to
boys’. Was she so
much cleverer than anyone
else? Further reading made me realize that it was
hard work and
determination as well as her
gentle nature that got her into medical school.
What made her
succeed later on was the
kindness and consideration she showed to all her
patients. There
was story after story of how
Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day’s work, went late
at night to deliver
a baby for a poor family
who could not pay her.
By now I could not wait
to find out more about her. I discovered that Lin
Qiaozhi had
devoted her whold life to her
patients and had chosen not to have a family of
her own.
Instead she made sure that about
50,000 babies were safely delivered. By this time
I was
very excited. Why not study at medical
college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good
work?
It was still not too late for me to
improve my studies, prepare for the university
entrance
examinations, and…
Unit 2
Working the land
A PILNEER FOR ALL PEOPLE
Although he is one of China’s most famous
scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a
farmer, for he works the land to do his
research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and
his
slim, strong body are just like those of
millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has
struggled for the past five decades. Dr Yuan
Longping grows what is called super hybrid
rice. In 1974, he became the first
agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rich
that has a
high output. This special strain
of rice makes it possible to produce one-third
more of the
crop in the same fields. Now more
than 60% of the rice produced in China each year
is from
this hybrid strain.
Born
in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest
Agricultural College in 1953. Since
then,
finding ways to grow more rice has been his life
goal. As a young man, he saw the
great need
for increasing the rice output. At that time,
hunger was a disturbing problem in
many parts
of the countryside. Dr Yuan searched for a way to
increase rice harvests without
expanding the
area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers
could produce only fifty million
tons of rice.
In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred
million tons of rice was
produced. These
increased harvests mean that 22% fo the world’s
people are fed from just
7% of the farmland in
China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge
in India, Vietnam
and many other less
developed countries to increase their rice
harvests. Thanks to his
research, the UN has
more tools in the battle to rid the world of
hunger. Using his hybrid
rice, farmers are
producing harvests twice as large as before.
Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life.
However, he doesn’t care about being famous.
He feels it gives him less freedom to do his
research. He would much rather keep time for
his hobbies. He enjoys listening to violin
music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.
Spending money on himself or leading a
comfortable life also means very little to him.
Indeed, he believes that a person with too
much money has more rather than fewer troubles.
He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip
others for their research in agriculture.
Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.
Long ago Dr Yuan had a dream about
rice plants
as tall as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream
with the hope of producing a
kind of rice that
could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr
Yuan has another
dream: to export his rice so
that it can be grown around the globe. One dream
is not always
enough, especially for a person
who loves and cares for his people.
Using
Language
CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?
Over the past half century, using chemical
fertilizers has become very common in farming.
Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to
stop crop disease and increase production.
Recently, however, scientists have been
finding that long-term use of these fertilizers
can
cause damage to the land and, even more
dangerous, to people’s health.
What are some
of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers?
First, they damage the
land by killing the
helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful
ones. Chemicals also
stay in the ground and
underground water for a ling time. This affects
crops and, therefore,
animals and humans,
since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot
just be washed off.
These chemicals in the
food supply build up in people’s bodies over time.
Many of these
chemicals can lead to cancer or
other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables
and other food
grown with chemical fertilizers
usually grow too fast to be full of much
nutrition. They may
look beautiful, but
inside there is usually more water than vitamins
and minerals.
With these discoveries, some
farmers and many customers are beginning to turn
to organic
farming. Organic farming is simply
farming without using any chemicals. They focus
on
keeping their soil rich and free of
disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and helps
crops
grow strong and healthy. Organic
farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural
waste from
animals as fertilizer. They feel
that this makes the soil in their fields richer in
minerals and
so more fertile. This also keeps
the air, water and crops free from chemicals.
Organic farmers also use many other methods to
keep the soil fertile. They often change
the
kind of crop in each field every few years, for
example, growing corn or wheat and then
the
next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or
soybeans put important minerals back
into the
soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or
corn that need rich and fertile soil.
Organic
farmers also plant crops to use different levels
of soil, for example, planting peanuts
that
use the ground’s surface followed by vegetables
that put down deep roots. Some
organic
farmers prefer planting grass between crops to
prevent wind or water from carrying
away the
soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become
a natural fertilizer for the next
year’s crop.
These many different organic farming methods have
the same goal: to grown
good food and avoid
damaging the environment or people’s health.
Unit 3 A state of English humour
Reading
A MSTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOUR
As
Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that
drives winter from the human face”,
and up to
now nobody has been able to do this better than
Charlie Chaplin. He brightened
the lives of
Americans and British through two world wars and
the hard years in between.
He made people
laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they
could feel more content
with their lives.
Not that Charlie’s own life was easy! He was
born in a poor family in 1889. his parents
were both poor music hall performers. You may
find it astonishing that Charlie was taught
to
sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon
as he could walk. Such training was
common in
acting families at this time, especially when the
family income was often
uncertain.
Unfortunately, his father died, leaving the family
even worse off, so Charlie spent
his childhood
looking after his sick mother and his brother. By
his teens, Charlie had,
through his humour,
become one of the most popular child actors in
English. He could
mime and act the fool doing
ordinary everyday tasks. No one was ever bored
watching
him— his subtle acting made
everything entertaining.
As time went by, he
began making films. He grew more and more popular
as his
charming character, the little tramp,
became known throughout the world. The tramp, a
poor,
homeless man with a moustache, wore
large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round
black
hat. He walked around stiffly carrying
a walking stick. This character was a social
failure
but was loved for his optimism
and determination to overcome all difficulties.
He was the
underdog who was kind even when
others were unkind to him.
How did the little
tramp make a sad situation entertaining? Here is
an example from one
of his most famous films,
The Gold Rush. It is the mid-nineteenth century
and gold has just
been discovered in
California. Like so many others, the little tramp
and his friend have
rushed there in search of
gold, but without success. Instead they are
hiding in a small hut on
the edge of a
mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat.
They are so hungry that
they try boiling a
pair of leather shoes for their dinner. Charlie
first picks out the laces and
eats them as if
they were spaghetti. Then he cuts off the leather
top of the shoe as if it were
the finest
steak. Finally he tries cutting and chewing the
bottom of the shoe. I he eats each
mouthful
with great enjoyment. The acting is so convincing
that it makes you believe that it
is one of
the best meals he has ever tasted!
Charlie
Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he
starred in. In 1972 he was
given a special
Oscar for his outstanding work in films. He lived
in English and the USA
but spent his last
years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977.
He is loved and
remembered as a great actor
who could inspire people with great confidence.
Using language
ENGLISH JOKES
1.
There are thousands of jokes which use “play on
words” to amuse us. One person asks
a
question which expects a particular reply.
Instead, what he gets is another kind of answer
which makes the situation funny. Now read
some of these customer and waiter jokes. Can
you match the joke with the explanation?
1. C: What’s that fly doing in my soup?
W: Swimming, I think!
2. C: What’s that?
W: It’s bean soup.
C: I don’t want to know
what it’s been. I want to know what it is now.
3. C: Waiter, will the pancakes be long?
W: No, sir. Round.
Explanation
A The
first person is asking for information about time.
The second person treats it as a
question
about shape.
B The first person is
angry about something and wants to say, “Why is
this here?” The
second person treats it as a
request for information and gives an answer to the
question.
C The answer to the question
contains a word which, when spoken, can have two
meanings.
2. Some jokes are longer and
tell a short, funny story. The following is one
of those jokes
about the famous detective
Sherlock Homes and his friend Doctor Watson. Read
it and
decide which of these two kinds of
jokes you like better. Give your reasons.
Sherlock Homes and Doctor Watson went camping
in an mountainous area. They ware
lying in
the open air under the stars. Sherlock Homes
looked up at the stars and whispered,
“Watson,
when you look at that beautiful sky, what do you
think of?” Watson replied, “I think
of how
short life is and how long the universe has
lasted.” “No, no, Watson!” Homes said.
“what
do you really think of?” Watson tried again. “I
think of how small I am and how
vast the sky
is.” “Try again, Watson! ” Said Holmes. Watson
tried a third time. “I
think of how cold the
universe is and how warm people can be in their
beds.” Holmes said,
“Watson, you fool! You
should be thinking that someone has stolen our
tent! ”
Unit 4 Body Language
Reading
COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?
Yesterday, another student and I, representing
our university’s student association, went to
the Capital International Airport to meet this
year’s international students. They were
coming to study at Beijing University. We
would taken them first to their dormitories and
then to the student canteen. After half an
hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw
several young people enter the waiting area
looking around curiously. I stood fro a minute
watching them and then went to greet them.
The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia
from Colombia, closely followed by Julia
Smith
from Britain. After I met them and then
introduced them to each other, I was very
surprised. Tony approached Julia, touched her
shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! She
stepped back appearing surprised and put up
her hands, as if in defence. I guessed that there
was probably a major misunderstanding. Then
Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling,
together with George Cook from Canada. As
they were introduced, George reached his
hand
out to the Japanese student. Just at that moment,
however, Akria bowed so his nose
touched
George’s moving hand. They both apologized—
another cultural mistake!
Ahmed Aziz, another
international student, was from Jordan. When we
met yesterday, he
moved very close to me as I
introduced myself. I moved back a bit, but he
came closer to
ask a question and then shook
my hand. When Darlene Coulon from France came
dashing
through the door, she
recognized Tony Garcia’s smiling face. They shook
hand and then
kissed each other twice on each
cheek, since that is the French custom when adults
meet
people they know. Ahmed Aziz, on the
contrary, simply nodded at the girls. Men from
Middle Eastern and other Muslim countries will
often stand quite close to other men to talk
but will usually not touch women.
As I
get to know more international friends, I learn
more about this cultural “body
language”. Not
all cultures greet each other the same way, nor
are they comfortable in the
same way with
touching or distance between people. In the same
way that people
communicate with spoken
language, they also express their feelings using
unspoken
“language” through physical distance,
actions or posture. English people, for example,
do
not usually stand very close to others or
touch strangers as soon as they meet. However,
people from places like Spain, Italy or South
American countries approach others closely and
are more likely to touch them. Most people
around the world now greet each other by
shaking hands, but some cultures use other
greetings as well, such as the Japanese, who
prefer
to bow.
These actions are not good
or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have
developed.
I have seen, however, that
cultural customs for body language are very
general—not all
members of a culture behave in
the same way. In general, though, studying
international
customs can certainly help avoid
difficulties in today’s world of cultural
crossroads!
Using Language
SHOWING OUR
FEELINGS
Body language is one of the most
powerful means of communication, often even more
powerful than spoken spoken language. People
around the world show all kinds of feelings,
wishes and attitudes that they might never
speak aloud. It is possible to “read” others
around
us, even if they do not intend for us
to catch their unspoken communication. Of course,
body language can be misread, but many
gestures and actions are universal.
The most
university facial expression is, of course, the
smile— its function is to show
happiness and
put people at ease. It does not always mean that
we are truly happy, however.
Smiles around
the world can be false, hiding other feelings like
anger, fear or worry. There
are unhappy
smiles, such as when someone “loses face” and
smiles to hide it. However, the
general
purpose of smiling is to show good feelings.
From the time we are babies, we show
unhappiness or anger by frowning. In most places
around the world, frowning and turning one’s
back to someone shows anger. Making a fist
and shaking it almost always means that
someone is angry and threatening anther person.
There are many ways around the world to show
agreement, but nodding the head up and
down is
used for agreement almost worldwide. Most people
also understand that shaking
the head from
side to side means disagreement or refusal.
How about showing that I am bored?
Looking away from people or yawning will, in most
cases, make me appear to be uninterested.
However, if I turn toward and look at someone or
something, people from almost every culture
will think that I am interested. If I roll my
eyes
and turn my head away, I most likely do
not believe what I am hearing or do not like it.
Being respectful to people is subjective,
based on each culture, but in general it is
probably
not a good idea to give a hug to a
boss or teacher. In almost every culture, it is
not usually
good to stand too close to someone
of a higher rank. Standing at a little distance
with open
hands will show that I am willing to
listen.
With so many cultural differences
between people, it is great to have some
similarities in
body language. We can often
be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing
thing that we
understand each other as well as
we do!
Unit 5 Theme parks
Reading
THEME PARKES—FUN AND MORE THAN FUN
Which
theme park would you like to visit? There are
various kinds of theme parks, with a
different
park for almost everything: food, culture,
science, cartoons, movies or history.
Some
parks are famous for having the biggest or longest
roller coasters, others for showing
the famous
sights and sounds of a culture. Whichever and
whatever you like, there is a
theme park for
you!
The theme park you are probably most
familiar with is Disneyland. It can be found in
several parts of the world. It will bring you
into a magical world and make your dreams
come
true, whether you are traveling through space,
visiting a pirate ship or meeting, your
favourite fairly tale or Disney cartoon
character. As you wander around the fantasy
amusement park, you may see Snow White or
Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street.
Of
course Disneyland also has many exciting rides,
from giant swinging ships to terrifying
free-
fall drops. With all these attractions, no wonder
tourism is increasing wherever there is
a
Disneyland. If you want to have fun and more than
fun, come to Disneyland!
Dollywood, in the
beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA,
is one of the most
unique theme parks in the
world. Dollywood shows and celebrates America’s
traditional
southeastern culture. Although
Dollywood has rides, the park’s main attraction is
its culture.
Famous country music groups
perform there all year in indoor and outdoor
theatres. People
come form all over America
to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood,
glass and iron
objects in the old-fashioned
way. Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of
candy that
American southerners made 150 years
ago, or take a ride on the only steam-engine train
still
working in the southeast USA. You can
even see beautiful bald eagles in the world’s
largest
bald eagle preserve. And for those
who like rides, Dollywood has one of the best old
wooden roller coasters, Thunderhead.
It is world-famous for having the most length in
the
smallest space. Come to Dollywood to have
fun learning all about America’s historical
southeastern culture!
If you want to
experience the ancient days and great deeds of
English knights and ladies,
princes and
queens, then England’s Camelot Park is the place
for you. Every area of the
park is modeled
after life in the days of King Arthur and the
Knights of the Round Table. In
one place, you
can watch magic shows with Merlin the Wizard. If
you want to see fighting
with swords or on
horseback, then the jousting area is a good place
to visit. If you do well
there, King Arthur
may choose you to fight in the big jousting
tournament. Do you like
animals? Then visit
the farm area, and learn how people in ancient
England ran their farms
and took care of their
animals. To enter a world of fantasy about
ancient England ran their
farms and took care
of their animals. To enter a world of fantasy
about ancient England,
come to Camelot Park!
Using Language
FUTUROSCOPE- EXCITEMENT
AND LEARNING
Last week I took a journey deep
into space, to the end of the solar system, and
was pulled
into a black hole. Then I took a
trip to Brazil and experienced surviving an
airplane crash in
the jungle. After that, I
joined some divers and went to the bottom of the
ocean to see
strange blind creature that have
never seen sunlight. For a break, I took part in
some car
racing and then skied down some of
the most difficult mountains in the world. I
ended my
travels by meeting face to face with
a dinosaur, the terrible T-Rex, and survived the
experience!
I did all this in one great
day at Futuroscope. Opened in 1987, Futuroscope
is one of the
largest space-age parks in the
world. This science and technology-based theme
park in
France uses the most advanced
technology. Its 3-D cinemas and giant movie
screens
provide brand new experiences of the
earth and beyond. Visitors can get close to parts
of
the world they have never experienced,
going to the bottom of the ocean, flying through
the
jungle or visiting the edges of the solar
system. The amazing, up-to-date information
together with many opportunities for hands-on
learning makes the world come to life in a
completely new way for visitors. Learning
centers throughout the park let visitors try their
own scientific experiments, as well as learn
more about space travel, the undersea world and
much more.
I bought tickets for myself and
my friends at the park’s entrance, but tickets are
also
available online. Futuroscope is not
only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix
of fun
and learning for class outings.
Classes or other large groups that let Futuroscope
know their
plans in advance can get the group
admission rate. For anyone coming from out of
town,
Futuroscope has many excellent hotels
nearly, most of which provide a shuttle service to
the
park. If driving, Futuroscope is within
easy reach of the freeway. Plan your trip well
before starting, since Futuroscope has so many
shows, activities and great souvenir shops that
it is difficult to see them all. Come
ready to walk a lot— be sure to wear some
comfortable
sneakers or other walking shoes!