小升初语法- 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
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小升初语法总归
2016-05-27
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
一、形容词和副词的比较等级形式
大多数形容词和副词有比较 级和最高级的变化，
即原级、
比较级和最高级，
用来表示
事物的等级差别。
原级即形容词和副词的原形，
比较级和最高级有规则变化 和不规则变化
两种。
（
1
）
规则变化：
音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾
-er
，
-est
来构成比较级和最高级。
构成法
原级
比较级
taller
greater
nicer
larger
abler
bigger
hotter
easier
busier
cleverer
narrower
最高级
tallest
greatest
nicest
largest
ablest
biggest
hottest
easiest
busiest
cleverest
narrowest
一般单音节词末尾加
-er,-est
。
tall(
高的
)
great(
巨大的
)
以不发音的
e
结尾的单音节词
nice(
好的
)
和少数以
-
le
结尾的双音节词
large(
大的
)
只加
-r,-st
。
able
（有能力的
)
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节
big(
大的
)
单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字
hot
热的
)
母，
再加
-er
，
-est
。
“
以辅音字母
+y”
结尾的双音
easy(
容易的
)
节词，
改
y
为
i
，再加
-er
，
busy(
忙的
)
-est
。
少数以
-er
，
-ow
结尾的双音节
clever(
聪明的
)
词末尾加
-er
，
-est
。
narrow(
窄的
)
其他双音节词和多音节词，在
important(
重要的
)
more important
most important
more easily
most easily
前面加
more
，
most
来构成比
easily(
容易地
)
较级和最高级。
（
2
）不规则变化
原级
good(
好的
) / well(
健康的
)
比较级
better
最高级
best
worst
most
least
oldest/eldest
最老的
/
最年长的
farther/further
ill(
有病的
) / bad (
坏的
)/ badly (
坏地
)
worse
much/many(
多的
)
little(
少的
)
old (
老的
)
far (
远的
/
地
)
more
less
older/elder
比较老的
/
较年长的
farther/further
小升初语法总归
2016-05-27
二、形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型。
（
1
）
as +
形容词或副词原级
+ as
1
）在否定句或疑问句中可用
so… as
。
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
2
）当
as… as
中间有名词时采用以下格式。
-
as +
形容词
+ a +
单数名词
This is as good an example as the other is.
-
as + many/much +
名词
I can carry as much paper as you can..
3
）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在
as
的前面。
-
This room is twice as big as that one.
-
Your room is the same size as mine.
4)
倍数
+ as + adj. + as
＜
=
＞
倍数
+ then + of
-
This bridge is three times as long as that one.
-
This bridge is three times the length of that one.
-
Your room is twice as large as mine.
-
Your room is twice the size of mine.
（
2
）比较级形容词或副词
+ than
-
You are taller than I.
注意：
1
）要避免重复使用比较级。
-
(
错
) He is more cleverer than his brother.
-
(
对
) He is more clever than his brother.
-
(
对
) He is clever than his brother.
2
）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
-
(
错
) China is larger that any country in Asia.
-
(
对
) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
3
）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
-
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
-
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
4
）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。
比较：
Which is large, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
（
3
）可修饰比较级的词
1
）
a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even
等
2
）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
3
）以上词
(
除
by far)
外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
典型例题
1
）
---- Are you feeling ____?
---- Yes
，
I'm fine now.
A. any well
B. any better
C. quite good
D. quite better
答案：
B. any
可修饰比较级，
quite修饰原级，
well
的比较级为
better.
2
）
The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A. more
B. much more
C. much
D. more much
答案：
C.
much
可修饰比较级，因此
B
，
C
都说得通，但
easier
本身已是比较级，不
需
more
，因此
C
为正确答案。
3
）
If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.
小升初语法总归
2016-05-27
A. the happiest time
B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time
D. a much happier time
答案：
D
。
重点难点详解
（
1
）
many ,old
和
far
1)
如果后接名词时，
much more +
不可数名词
many more +
可数名词复数
2) old
有两种比较级和最高级形式
:
-
older/oldest
-
elder/eldest
只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。
-
My elder brother is an engineer.
-
Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.
3) far
有两种比较级，
farther
，
further.
在英语中两者都可指距离。
在美语中，
father
表示距离，
further
表示进一步。
I have nothing further to say.
（
2
）
the +
最高级
+
比较范围
1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词
the
，副词最高级前可不用。
形容词
most
前面没有
the
，不表示最高级的含义， 只表示
“
非常
”
。
It is a most important problem.
= It is a very important problem.
注意：
使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
-
(
错
) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
-
(
对
) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2)
下列词可修饰最高级
by far, far, much, mostly, almost
- This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
注意：
a. very
可修饰最高级，但位置与
much
不同。
-
This is the very best.
-
This is much the best.
b.
序数词通常只修饰最高级。
-
Africa is the second largest continent.
3)
句型转换：
-
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
-
Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.
4) “
否定词语
+
比较级
”
，
“
否定词语
+ so… as”
结构表示最高级含义。
Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.
（
3
）和
more
有关的词组
1) the more… the more…
越
……
就越
…The harder you work
，
the greater progress you'll
make.
2) more B than A = less A than B
与其说
A
不如说
B
He is
more
lazy
than
slow at his work. = He is
less
slow
than
lazy at his work.
3) no more… than…
与
…
一样
…
，不比
…
多
The officials could see no more than the
Emperor.
no less… than…
与
……
一样
……
He is no less diligent than you.
4) more than
不只是，非常
She is more than kind to us all.