现在完成时整理归纳
玛丽莲梦兔
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2021年01月25日 00:42
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现在完成时——讲解部分
现在完成时的构成：助动词
have
（
has
）
+
过去分词
1
．表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如：
I have just cleaned my clothes.
我刚洗过衣服。
（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）
现在完成时常用的时间状语有：
already
（
”已经” 用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）
never
(“从不” 用于中间处
) ever
（”曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处）
just
(“刚刚” 用于中间处) yet
(“已经” 用于疑问句的末尾处
/
“还” 用于否定句的
末尾处
)
或不加任何的时间状语，但不 能和表示过去的时间状语连用
.
1.
现在完成时的
完成用法
A
、
定义
现在完成时的
完成用法
指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束但该动作对现在
产生了影响与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如
He has turned off the light.
他已把灯关了。
(
动作结束于过去
但说明的是现在的情况
--
灯现在不亮了。
)
B
、特点
现在完成时
完成用法
的特点是动作不延续因此该时态只能与表示不定的
过去时间状语
(
如
already yet beforer ecently
等
)
、频度时间状语
(
如
never ever once
等
)
、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语
(
如
this morning/ month /year...today
等
)
连用。
例如
Have you found your pen yet
你已找到你的钢笔了吗
2.
现在完成时的
未完成用法
3.
A
、定义
现在完成时的
未完成用法
指的是动作开 始于过去某一时刻
在或可能还要继续下去。
4.
例如
He has lived here since 1978.
自从
1978
年以来他一直住在这儿。
(
动作起始
于
1978
年一直住到现在可能还要继续住下去。
)
5.
I
have
been
in
the
army
for
more
than
5
years.
我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
(
动
作开始于5
年前
一直延续至今
有可能还要继续下去。
)
一直延续到现
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6.
B
、特点
此种 用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语
(
由
since
或
for< br>引导
)
或表
示与现在时刻相连的时间状语
(
如
up to now=so far
到目前为止
)
等。
例如
I have heard nothing from him up to now.
到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
注意
现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，
不可用于终止性动词即瞬间
完成或延续时间很短 的动词。如
come
go
arrive
现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至 会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成
的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较：
The plane has arrived .
飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）
The plane arrived a quarter ago.
飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过
去）
I have taught here for fifteen years.
我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动
作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）
I taught here for a year.
我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教
了）
1.
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点< br>只在于陈述一件过去的事情
不强调对
现在
产生的影响。
如
He
visited
Guilin
in
1998.
leave
join become
等。
他
1998
年参观过桂林。
(
只说明去桂林的时间
)
2.
现在完成时表示动作发生在过去
对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。
不与确定的过去时
间状语连用。
如
Jill has bought a new computer.
吉尔买了一台新电脑。
(
着重点是现 在有了一台新
电脑
)
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3.
两种时态的区分
(1)
一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式
而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是
助动词
have /has
+
过去分词
。如
The film started at 7 o’clock. He has been a teacher for many
years.
(2)
一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如
ago, just now, in 2002
等
yesterday,
last
week, two years
而现在完成时则常与
just, already, ever, never
等副词和
these days, this week, since..., for...
等表示一段时间的状语连用。
have been in, have been to
与
have gone to
的用法区别
一、
have(has) been in
表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：
since, for, how long
等。例如：
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.
布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
此外还有这些搭配：
have
been here
(there)
/at
home
(school)
/on
the
farm have
been here (there) / abroad(
国外
)
二、
have(has)been
to
表示“曾经去过某地”，
现在已经不在那里了。
可与
just,
ever,
never
等连用，例如：
I have just been to the post office.
我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall.
玛丽从未去过长城。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou
你曾经去过杭州吗
have(has) been to
后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。
例如：
I have been to Beijing three times.
我去过北京三次。
They have been to that village several times.
他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
三、
have(has) gone to
意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，
说话时该人不在现场，一般不 用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
例如：
----Where is Tom ----He has gone to the bookshop.
汤姆在哪里他到书店去
了。
Jack Johnson has gone to London.
杰克
.
约翰逊到伦敦去了。
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现在完成时——练习部分
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. I_____ already _____ (see) the film. I ______(see) it last week.
2. ----- ______ he _______(finish) his work today ------Not yet .
3. -----_______you _________(be) to Hong Kong
----Yes, I ___________ (be) there twice .
4. -----___ you ever ____(eat ) chocolate
----No, never.
5.
My
father
_______
just
_______
(come)
back
from
work.
He is
tired
now.
6. Where’ Li Ming He __________
(go) to the teacher’s office.
7.
Shanghai
______
(be)
a
small
town
hundreds
of
years
ago.
Now
it
______(become) a large city.
8. So far I ________(make) quite a few friends here.
9. ---
I ___________ (see) the film “Chicken Run”.
--- Where and when _______ you ______ (see) it --- Last week.
10. Mary _________ already __________ (have) her supper.
11.
I
_________
(not
want)
to
see
the
film. I
________
(see)
it
with
my
parents.
We _________ (see) it last Sunday.
12. ---______ Uncle Wang ______ (mend) the TV yet
---Yes, he______.
---When _____ he _____ it --- Yesterday.
13. ______ you _______ (read) today’s newspaper yet
14
They
_____
already______(do)
their
homework.
But
they
don’t
know
what_______ (do) next.
15. ---______ you ________ (see) the film last night
---No, I ___________ (see) it for several times.
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请尝试着做以下的练习
1. I __________ (work) here since I _______ (move) here in 1999.
2. ---How long ____ the Smiths _____(stay)here
---- For two weeks.
3. She ____________ (be) ill for three days.
4. She____________ (not read) this book before.
5. ____ you ever __________ (travel) on a train before
6. --- ____ Wei Hua ________ (come) yet
---Yes. She_______ (come) already. She ______ (come) just now.
7. --How long _____you __________(learn) English ---For more than two years.
8. They _______________ (live) in China since they ________ (move) to China.
11. My father ____ just ___ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
现在完成时态练习
一．
写出下列动词的的过去式和过去分词
repair be begin
pay run send
cut catch move
feel get eat
hold hurt learn
leave lose win
understand throw swim
sleep study sing
take wear lay
二．
用所给动词的适当形式填空
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5. ---
I ___________ (see) the film “Chicken Run” last week.
--- Where ________ you _______ (see) it
6. We __________ (hold) a sports meeting next week.
11. What ______he ______ (do) at 8:00 last night
12. Mum______ (cook) when I got home yesterday.
13.
I
____________
(not
want)
to
see
the
film.
I
___________
(see)
it
with
my
parents.
We _________ (see) it last Sunday.
14. The teacher told us that the earth______ (travel) around the sun.
15. ______you ______ (read) today’s newspa
per yet
16. They ______already______ (do) their homework.
Where is Jim--- He ______ (water) the flowers in the garden.
19. A squirrel(
松鼠
)______ (hide) itself if it______ (feel) dangerous.
(do) now
---He ______ (work) on a maths problem.
--- ______ He ______ (work) it out
---No, not yet. I ______ (think) he ______ (work) it out soon.
21. --- I______ (hear) a lot about Hong Kong Disneyland recently.
--- Next time you go to Hong Kong, I will take you there.
22. Mary _____ already _______ (have) her supper.
23. If hunters catch a giant panda, they______ (kill) it for its fur.
24. My father______ (walk) to school from time to time.
25. ---Why are you late again
--- Sorry, I______ (not be) late next time.
26. --- A man named Wang Hao______ (call) you twice just now.
--- He is
one
of my old
friends. I______ (not
meet) him since
I left for Hong
Kong.
27. My parents ______ (return) today. Don’t forget to meet them at the airport.
28. ---______Uncle Wang ______ (repair) the TV yet
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---Yes, he______.
---When _____ he _____(repair) it
--- Yesterday.
29. ---
I’m hungry Mum.
---Hungry You ______just ______ (eat) four hamburgers.
30. -----_____you _______(be) to Beijing
----Yes, I ______already _________(be) there twice.
三．翻译句子
1.
他自从去了美国以后就没给我写过信。
He___________ ____________since__________________
2.
我们足够幸运，可以看见国家的变化。
We are _________________to see________________with our eyes.
3.
我原来居住的地方已变成了一个购物中心。
The place I used to live in________________________
4.
我不能像以前那样经常看到他们。
I can’t see them ______________________________
5.
这家工厂过去常常把废弃物倒进河里。
This factory ________________________ into the river.
一、动词填空。
1. She __________ (be) away from home for almost four years.
2. The sun __________ (rise ) in the east.
3. You look tired. Stop _______(work) and ______(have) a rest.
4. I __________ ( not hear) from you for a long time.
5. My brother __________(be ) to England twice.
6. Mr Green __________(not come) back to China yet.
7. Who __________(teach ) you math last term
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8. They __________(go) to the shopping center already.
9. Listen, Xiao Li __________ (sing) in the next room.
10. They __________(play) football when I walked past.
二、句型转换
(
每空一词
)
。
1. I have been to Macau before.(
改为否定句
)
I _______ ________ been to Macau before.
hasn’t come to school
because he’s ill
. (
就划线部分提问
)
______ _______ he come to school
has learned English for 5 years.(
就划线部分提问
)
______ ______ _______ _______ learned English
bought a new bike just now.(
用
just
改写
)
I ______ just ______ a new bike.
began to learn English three years ago.(
改为同义句
)
We ______ ______English _______three years
6. He has lived here since 1999.(
就划线部分提问
)
_____ _____ _____ he_______ here
7. They have already finished the work.
变否定
They ______ ______ the work ______.
8. My father got there two days ago.
同义句
My father ______ ______ there for two days.
9. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.
同义句
Mr. Li _______ _________ English in this school since 1999.
have cleaned the room twice this week. (
就划线部分提问
)
_____ _____ ____ ______ they ______ the room this week
11. My father went to England in 2003 and 2005.
同义句
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My father _____ ______ _____ England _____.
选择题
1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years.
A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in
2. We have been friends since ______.
A. children B. five years
C. five years ago D. five years before
3. Mike ___________ the story book for a month.
A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed
4. You ______ that question three times.
A. already asked B. have already asked
C. already have asked D. asked already
5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________.
A. since last week B. a week ago
C. for a week D. since a week ago
6. I _____ at this school for two years.
A. am studying B. study
C. studied D. have studied
7. They _________ in the city since last summer.
A. live B. didn’t live C. have lived D. live
8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _________ 1992.
A. since B. from C. after D. in
9. Mr. Black _________ China since the summer of 1998.
A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to
10. His father _______ for years.
A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies
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11. Mary ________ to see the films because she __________ it twice.
A. won’t go, saw B. won’t go, will see
C. won’t go, has seen D. didn’t go, sees
Would you like some more food
----Thank you. I _______ enough.
A. will have B. have had C. have D. had
13. ______ you ______ England Yes, it _____ a beautiful country.
A. Will, gone to, was B. Have, been to, is
C. Had, been to, is D. Have, gone to, is
14. ----_______ you _______ to Beijing
----No, I ______ there early next month.
A. Have, been, haven’t, am going
B. Had, been, hadn’t, am going
C. Have, gone, haven’t, was going
D. Did, go, didn’t, was going
15. Your sister ___ to London to study English. Is that true -Yes , she ___ there
for two months.
A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone
C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been
16. He has a computer of his own. He ____ it two days ago.
A. bought B. bought C. bought D. has bought
17.
—
Where is Li Lei
—
He ___ Shanghai.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to
18. He _______ his homework and is now listening to music.
A.. finishes B. has finished C. finish D. is finishing
19. David _______ Shanghai for more than three months.
A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to
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20. --- Is your father a Party member
---
Yes,
he
____
the
party
three
years
ago.
He
_____
a
Party
member
for
three
years.
A. joined; has been B. has joined; has been
C. was joined; is D. joined; was
21. ---What a nice bike! How lone ____ you ____ it
----Just five weeks.
A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; having D. have; had
22. I ______ this book for a week .I have to return it now.
A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept
23. ----______ your sister _______ in Green China for a long time
- ---Yes. She joined it five years ago.
A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. Have; joined
24. ---How long have you ____ from the USA ----For three months.
A. come back B. returned C. go back D. been back
25. I _____ this book for half a year.
A. have bought B. have had C. bought D . had
26. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer _____for a year.
A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away
27. --- ______ you______ your homework yet
---Yes, I _____ it just now.
A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished
C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish
28. The sand storm weather ______ in Beijing several times this year.
A. happen B. happened C. has happened D. have happened
29. ---How long have you been here --- ____ last month.
A. For B. Until C. Before D. Since
30. He ____ a cold for three days.
11
11
A. has caught B. has had C. has got D. caught
31. Jim Green ____ in China for two years.
A. has come B. has been C. has arrived D. came
32. The film ____ for half an hour.
A. has been on B. has begun C. hasn’t be
gun D. began
33.
—
Where have you _______ these days
—
I have to Beijing with my friends.
A. been
gone B. been
been
C. gone
been D. gone
gone
34
How long have you _______ this book
A. bought C. had
35. We have lived here _______ five years ago
A. when
36
—
I have watched the game.
—
When _____you _______ it
watched
watch
watch
watch
37
—
How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black
—
Oh
I _______ such a beautiful city.
A
don’t visit
B
didn’t visit
C
haven’t visited D
hadn’t visited
38
Miss Brown _______ to the Great Wall twice.
A
have been B
has been
C
have gone D
has gone
brother has been to Stone Forest twice ______ he came to Yunnan
B
before C
since D
for
grandpa _______ for two years.
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A
after