(完整版)现在完成时态讲解及练习
玛丽莲梦兔
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2021年01月25日 01:21
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记叙文的表现手法-
现在完成时态讲解及练习
一、现在完成时的构成
肯定句：
主语
+have/ has + done (
过去分词
)+
其它
He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years.
一般疑问句：
Have/ Has +
主语
+ done (
过去分词
)+
其它
Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years?
否定句
:
主语
+have/ has+ not + done (
过去分词
)+
其它
He has not finished his homework.
过去分词的构成方法如下
:
1.
一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加
–
ed.
work---worked
answer---answered
obey---obeyed
want---wanted
2.
以不发音的
-e
结尾的动词只加
–
d.
Move---moved
hope---hoped
divide ---divided
3.
字尾是辅音
+y
的动词。则将
y改
i
加
ed.
study---studied
tidy---tidied
satisfy---satisfied
4.
以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加
–
ed.
stop ---stopped
regret--- regretted
drop ---dropped
不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表
一、
AAA.
（原形，过去式和过去分词一致）
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
花费
割
伤害
让
放
朗读
设置
关上门窗
让
cost
cut
hurt
let
put
read
set
shut
let
cost
cut
hurt
let
put
read
set
hit
shut
let
cost
cut
hurt
let
put
read
set
hit
shut
let
7.
8.
9.
10.
建筑
借出
花费
派遣
learn
mean
burn
dream
deal
hear
保持
睡觉
扫
build
lend
spend
send
built
lent
spent
sent
built
lent
spent
sent
learnt/ed
meant
burnted
dealt
heard
kept
slept
swept
kept
slept
swept
4)
过去式、过去分词在原形词尾加
t
或
d
11.
学会
12.
意思
13.
燃烧
13.
做梦
13.
处理
14.
听
15.
16.
17.
learnt/ed
meant
burnt/ed
dealt
heard
keep
sleep
sweep
打击，碰撞
hit
dreamt/ed
dreamt/ed
二、
ABB
（过去式和过去分词一致）
5
）
过去式、过去分词改为
-ept
1)
过去式、过去分词含有
-ought
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
带来
买
打架
想
寻
找
、
探究
抓住
教
bring
buy
fight
think
seek
brought
brought
bought
fought
sought
bought
fought
sought
6
）
过去式、过去分词改为
-elt
18.
19.
20.
感觉
嗅
拼写
孵蛋
说
feel
smell
spell
lay
say
felt
spelt/ed
laid
said
fel
spelt/ed
laid
said
smelt/ed
smelt/ed
thought
thought
2)
过去式、过去分词含有
-aught
5.
6.
catch
teach
caught
taught
caught
taught
7)
过去式、过去分词改为
-aid
20.
21.
1
/
8
3)
过去式、过去分词
-t
替换原形
-d
22.
23.
24.
25
站
支付
卖
告诉
stand
pay
sell
tell
paid
sold
told
stood
understood
paid
sold
told
stood
understood
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
击败
破坏
驾驶
吃
落下
给
生长
知道
吹
扔
展示
弄错
拿
摇动
说
选择
beat
break
drive
eat
fall
give
grow
know
blow
throw
show
take
shake
speak
choose
beat
broke
drove
ate
fell
gave
grew
knew
blew
threw
beaten
broken
driven
eaten
fallen
given
grown
known
blown
thrown
8)
过去式、过去分词改为
-old
9)
过去式、过去分词改为
-ood
26.
明
白
understand
10)
其它变化
27.
得到
28.
坐
29.
照顾
30.
离开
31.
失去
32.
找到
33.
有
34.
握住，
召开
35.
制造
36.
悬挂
37.
照耀
39.
赢
40
逃跑
41
喂
42.
引导，
导致
43
遇见
1.
2.
3.
get
sit
babysit
leave
lose
find
have(has)
hold
make
hang
shine
win
flee
feed
lead
meet
变成
来
跑
got
sat
babysat
left
lost
found
had
held
made
hung
shone
won
fled
fed
led
met
got(gotten)
sat
babysat
left
lost
found
had
held
made
hung
shone
won
fled
fed
led
met
showed
shown
took
shook
spoke
chose
taken
shaken
spoken
chosen
mistake
mistook
mistaken
2)
三种形式都有变化
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
是
开始
做
喝
飞
忘记
躺
骑
唱
穿
游泳
写
去
be(is,
are)
begin
do
drink
fly
forget
lie
ride
sing
wear
swim
write
go
am;
was;
were
began
did
drank
flew
forgot
lay
rode
rang
sang
wore
swan
wrote
went
been
begun
Done
drunk
flown
forgot/forgotten
lain
ridden
rung
sung
worn
swum
written
gone
三、
ABA
（过去式与原形一致）
became
become
become
come
run
came
ran
come
run
打电话
ring
四、
ABC
（原形、过去式、过去分词各不一样）
1).
过去分词在过去式或原形后加
-n
或
-en
二、现在完成时标志词：
recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+
时间段；
in the past few years; ever since; in
the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just
already (
已经
):
用于肯定句
I have already posted the letter .
yet(
已经
):
用于否定句
,
疑问句
He hasn’t done his homework yet.
just(
刚刚
)
2
/
8
They have just left.
ever(
曾经
)
Have you ever been to Beijing ?
never(
从不
)
I have never seen him .
before(
以前
)
Have you seen the film before?
since(
自从
…
以来
)
I’ve worked in the school since
1999.
for(
长达
)
He’s lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.
in the past several days / weeks/ years(
在过去的
…)
recently(
最近
)
I have not written to my parents recently.
so far(
到目前为止
)
So far she has learned 5 English songs.
up to now(
到目前为止
)
this morning/month/year(
今天早上
/
这个月
/
今年
)
三、现在完成时的用法
1)
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作< br>,
并对现在有影响。常与
already(
已经
), yet(
已经
),
just(
刚刚
),ever(
曾经
)
等词连用
.
Already
，
yet
的用法
already:
常用于肯定句中
. yet:
常用于否定句
,
疑问句尾
.
Someone has broken the window. (
窗户现在是坏的
)
I have already lost the key.
(
我现在没有钥匙
)
I haven’t read that book y
et . (
不了解书的内容
)
I have just cleaned my hands.
(
手是干净的
)
3)
现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与
for, since
引导的时间短语或
从句连用
.
since , for
的用法
:
since: (
自
…
以来
)
1)since+
时间点
He has stayed here since 5
o’clock.
2)since+
时间段
+ ago
He has stayed here since 5 hours ago.
3)since+
从句
for: (
长达）
for+
时间段
He has kept the book for 2 weeks.
She has learned English for 5 years.
He has lived in Beijing since he was born .
Have you stayed here since 3 o’clock?
四、
have/has been to; have/has gone to; have/has been in
3
/
8
have /has been to
曾经去过某地，人已经回来了
have /has gone to
去了某地，人还没回来
have /has been in
去了某地并一直待在那
1.
我去过上海。
I have been to Shanghai twice.
2.---Where is Jim
？
--He has gone to England
．（尚未回来）
3. I have been in Shanghai for three years
．我到上海已有三年了。
1
、现在完成时的
完成用法
现在完成时的
完成用法
指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并 已结束，但该动作对现在产
生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如：
He has turned off the light.
他已把灯关了。
(
动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况
--
灯现在不亮了。
)
现在完成时
完成用法
的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间
状语
(
如：
already
，
yet
，
before
，
recently
等
)
、
频度时间状语
(
如：
never
，
ever
，
once
等
)
、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语
(
如：
this morning / month / year...
，
today
等
)
连用。
例如：
Have you found your pen yet
？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？
2
、现在完成时的
未完成用法
现在完成时的
未完成用法
指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能
还要继续下去。
例如：
1. He has lived here since 1978/he moved here.
自从
1978
年以来，他一直住在这儿。
(
动作起始于
1978
年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。
)
2. I have been in the army for more than 5 years.
我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
(
动作开始于
5
年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。
)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语
(
由
since
或
for
引导
)
，
或表示与现在
时刻相连的时间状语
(
如：
up to now
，
so far
到目前为止
)
等。
例如：
I have heard nothing from him up to now.
到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
3.
瞬间动词不能和时间段连用，瞬间动词转换成延续性动词：把动作换成状态
动作
状态
动作
状态
die
be dead
begin
be on
borrow/buy
kept/had
end/finish
be over
leave
be away
join
be in
arrive
be here
marry
be married
例如：
1.
他的爷爷已经去世
2
年了。
His grandpa has been dead for 2 years.
参军
3
年了
.
Nick has been in the army for 3 years
3.
他离开深圳好长时间了。
He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.
4.
这本书我已借了
4
个月了
I have had/kept the book for 4 months.
五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
(1)
一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是
助动词
have
/has
+
过去分词
。
如：
The film started at 7 o'clock. He has been a teacher for many years.
4
/
8