虚拟条件句的一些特殊用法
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2021年01月28日 20:22
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虚拟条件句的一些特殊用法
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【考点导航】
1.
—My cat’s really
fat.
（
2007
浙江）
—
You ______ have given her so much food.
A. wouldn’t
B .couldn’t
C. shouldn’t
D.
mustn’t
2
．—How’s
your
tour
around
the
North
Lake?
Is
it
beautifu
l?
（
2007
全国卷
I
）
—
It _____ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
A. will
B. would
C. should
D. must
3. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _____ have
driven her
there.
（
2007
陕西）
A. could
B. must
C.
might
D. should
【答案与解析】
1
．
C
。shouldn’t have done
表示“本来不应该做某事而实际做了”。
2
．
C
。根据句意，“本来这个湖应该是很漂亮的，但是现在被严重污染了”可知
选
C
。should
在这里表示“本来应该……，暗含着实际上不……”之意。
3
．
D
。
should
have
done表示“本应该做某事而实际上未做”，本句意为：“我
告诉你朋友该怎么到达旅馆了，但是也许我应 该开车把她送到那儿去”。
【重点归纳】
1.
错综时间条件句：
有时在非真实条件句中，
主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条 件从句中谓语动词所表
示的动作并不同时发生，
这时主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不 同时间
选用适当的虚拟语气形式。如：
Had I taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should
not be wet now.
如果我今天早上出来的时候带着伞的话，< br>现在就不会淋湿了。
（从句说的是过去
的事情，而主句说的是现在的事情）
If yo
u had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be all right now.
如果你（那时）听从我的建议的 话，现在就不会有事了。
（从句说的是过去的事
情，而主句说的是现在的事情）
If I hadn’t finished my composition by now, I would be working on it
tomorrow.
如果到现在为止我还 没有完成作文的话，
我明天还要接着写。
（从句说的是现在
的事情，而主句说的是将来 的事情）
2
．含蓄虚拟条件句：
有时一个假设的情况并不用条件 从句表示，
而用其它方式来表示，
这样的句子叫
含蓄条件句。主要有以下几种情况。< br>
1)
用
with,
without
，
but
for
等介词短语来替代条件从句
,
它们都可以转换成
由
if
引导的虚拟条件句。如：
We might have died without your help. =We might have died if you hadn’t
helped us.
如果（那时）没有你们的帮助，我们可能已经死了。
Without the sun, nothing would grow. = If there was no the sun, nothing
would grow.
没有太阳，万物都不能生长。
2)
用
or, otherwise, but that, suppose/ supposing (that), provided /
providing (that)
等引导的虚拟语气。如：
You didn’t come yesterday, or you would have seen him.
你昨天没有来，否则的话，你就已经看到他了。
I was very busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you.
我上周很忙，否则的话，我就来看你了。
Supposing I was still a little child, I would study hard from now on.
假如我还是一个小孩子的话，我将从现在开始努力学习。
3)
通过上下文来表示虚拟：这种情况下，需要加以分析。
I would have given you more money, but I was so poor then.
我（那时如果有钱的话）就可以给你更多的钱了，但是我当时太穷了。
I would have called you, but I forgot your telephone number.
我本来可以给你打电话，但是我（那时）忘了你的电话号码。
Having known the fact in time, we couldn’t have said that. = If we had
known the fact in time, we couldn’t have said that.
如果我们（那时）及时知道事实的话，就不会说那件事了。
Any man in his position would have done that.
处于他那个位置的任何人都会那样做的。
4
）由
should +
动词原形或者
should/could/might have +
过去分词构成的虚拟
语气。
种情况下，虚拟条件句经常省略，而只剩下主句结构，如：
I should have told you that, but I was afraid that you couldn’t accept
the fact.
我本应该告诉你那件事，但我担心你不能接受这个事实。
Tom, you are so lazy! This work should have been finished hours ago.
汤姆，你太懒了！这个工作本应该几个小时之前完成。
3.
在
if it were/had been not for …句型中的虚拟语气
If it were not for…,表示对现在事实的假设；If it had not been for…,
表示对过去事实的假设。
If it were not for the Internet, everything would be very difficult.
要不是互联网，一切都会变得很难。
Had it not been for your overcoat, I would have died.
要不是你那件大衣，我就被冻死了。