词义猜测
绝世美人儿
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2021年01月29日 22:46
最佳经验
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校园艺术节-欧美经典
1
．根据定义或解释猜测词义
这类定义或解释通常由生词后的同位语（从句）或定语从句引出。
例：
The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for
listening to a patient’s heartbeat and breathing.
< br>析：
同位语部分意思是，
stethoscope
是用来听病人心脏跳动和呼吸 的仪器，即
“
听诊器
”
。
2
．根据对比关系猜测词义
当句中含有
but,
however,
yet,
however,
though,
although,
on
the
other
hand, < br>instead
等表示转折意义的词时，前后句含有对比意义，据此可以猜测生词的词义。
例：
Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I knew. His brother, in contrast, is
quite modest.
析
：
in
con trast
表示
对
比，
supercilious
与
mod est
意
义
相对
应，
我们
便能
猜
出
supercilious
意为
“
傲慢的；目空一切的
”
。
3
．根据因果关系猜测词义
表示因果关系的信息词有：
because, so, therefore, thus, so…that
等。
例：
I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus
sacrificing my
study time.
析：
thus
是信息词，因为我对工作过分注意，因此失去了许多学习的时间，这样就得知
sacr ifice
意为
“
牺牲；失去
”
。
4
．根据同等关系猜测词义
表示同等关系的信息词有：
and,
or, namely, that’s to say, in other words
等。
例：
His secret for a living and healthy life has been well publicized---no alcohol, no
cigarette and no anger.
析：
由
a living and healthy li fe
以及同类名词
cigarette
可推测
alcohol
意为< br>“
酒精
”
。
5
．根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义
这类同义词、近义词或反义词往往有
and, or, but, however
等信息词作暗示。
例：
In our competitive world of today, examinations have a highly selecting or
filtering role.
析：
句中
selecting
与
filtering
含义 相近，可由
selecting
（挑选）推测
filtering
意为
“
筛
选；选拔
”
。
6
．根据构词法猜测词义
英语中构词法有三种，即派生、转化和合成。
例：
He was performing before a packed home and his technique was unbelievable,
his tone was wonderful and his audience deeply loved him.
析：
unbe lievable
是由词根
believe
，
前缀
un-
，
后缀
-able
组成，
意为
“
cannot be bel ieved
”
，
即
“
难以置信的
”
。
7
．根据经验或常识猜测词义
有时需要根据中学生应具备的基本知识或常识作出合理的推测判断。
例：
The heat of sun warms some ocean water. The surface of the water evaporates,
forming a cloud of warm, wet air that moves upward.
析：
结合地理学科中云团的形成过程可知，
“
海水因受到光照蒸发，
水气上 升形成暖湿云团
”
。
由此可知
evaporates
意为
“
蒸发
”
。
8
．根据上下文猜测词义
俗话说，
“
词不离句，句不离文
”。特定的上下文往往是推测词义不可忽视的重要因素。
例：
The pupils assembled in front of the school hall. They came together to listen
to the headmaster announce the result of the sports meeting.
析：
第二句有
came together
（聚到一起）
，很明显学 生们是
“
聚集到
”
学校大厅前听校长宣
布运动会的成绩。
9
．根据举例猜测词义
这类信息词有
such as, for example, for instance
等短语。
例：
Today young couples who are just starting their household often spend lots of
their money on appliances, for instance, washing-machine, fridge and colour TV
sets.
析：
从
for instance
后 所列举的例子可知，
appliances
意为
“
electrical equipment used
at home
”
，即
“
家用电器
”
。
10
．根据标点符号猜测词义
这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。
例：
You can take any of the periodicals:
The World of English, Foreign Language
Teaching in School,
or
English Learning.
析：
根据冒号后面 所举例子可知
periodicals
意为
“
magazines
published
at
regular
times
”
，
即
“
期刊
”
。
猜测词义
,
首先要根据生词在句中的位置和作用，去判断其词性，然后推断 词义。猜测词义
大致有以下几种方式：
1
．
根据定义或解释说明猜测生词的词义
在含有生词的上下文中有时能找到一 个对此生词所下的定义或解释说明。如可以根据
be
，
be called, that is (to say), in other words, namely
，
mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to,
be known as, define, represent
等判断词猜测生词的含义。如：
1
）
A
mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.
2
）
A
person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.
有时，我们还可根据定语从句或同位语对其修饰的先行词的词义做出推测。例如：
Semantics,
the
study
of
the
meaning
of
words,
is
necessary
if
you
are
to
speak
and
read
intelligently.
His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. zoologist
有时可以根据文中的破折号冒号，分号，引号，和括号推测。如：
Some organizations of United Nations prefer to take on Polyglots as their workers
—
those who can
understand as well as speak many languages.
Ex.1.A
calendar is a timetable of the days, weeks, months of a certain year.
had a lesion on her arm that would not stop bleeding.
A.a piece of skin
B. an injury
C.a bone
D.a piece of cloth
summer the weather is very hot, sometimes it causes a dry period ,in other words, drought.
knows a famous cardiologist. A
cardiologist is a doctor who specializes in heart diseases.
penguin is a kind of sea bird
living
in the south pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way.
Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.
from
the sky came
a
dark
funnel-like
（漏斗状的）
cloud.
This
dark cloud
reached
the
ground all of a sudden. This terrible tornado
—
a wind which went round and round as fast as 500
miles an hour and picked up everything in its path, such as large trees, cars and even houses.
herdsman ,who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
A
keeper of a group of animals ,esp. cattles
B a butcher
C a man who sell sheep
D a person who looks after and kill animals
suddenly
they
became
the
parents
of
quintuplets,
four
girls
and
a
boy
,
an
event
which
quickly changed their lives.
ing
to
a
report
published
on
the
British
medical
magazine,
The
Lancet,
a study
of
10
German
mobile
phone
users
found
that
when
they
turned
on
their
phones,
their
blood
pressure goes up.(2003MET)
This word “The lancet” is most
probably___
A. the name of a magazine
B. the name of a person
C. the name of the hospital
D. the title of a medical report
二、根据列举的事例猜测词义
通过冒号，
such as , like, for example, for instance
等词可以推测词义。如：
Y
ou can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools,
or English Learning.
三、根据对比关系猜测生词的词义
通过
but
，
while, however
，
despite
，
in spite of ,yet
，
otherwise
，
though, instead , on the other
hand, on the contrary
等表示意义转折的连词猜测生词的词义。如：
1
）
Though Tom's face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
2
）
John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things
；
his wife, however, is very thrifty.
3
）
In the world, some are well off while others are poor.
4
）
If you agree, say “yes”. If you dissent, say “no”.
gh people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy(
美味
), we Chinese people
seldom eat any meat that is uncooked.
his
sister,
who
is
a
warm,
interested
person,
John
is
apathetic
to
everyone
and
everything.
the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid, and the summers hot and dry
.
is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and
modest.
big farms are getting bigger while the small ones are slowly dwindling.
四、根据同等关系猜测词义
明显 的标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词
and
或
or
来连接。如：
1
）
At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy.
2
）
Are people born intelligent or stupid?
every car, bus, jeep or other kinds of vehicle can be made in this factory.
. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious.
proprietor or the owner of the store is a big man.
五、通过因果关系猜测词义
because
，
since, as, so
，
so...tha t
与
such...that
等通过因果关系，猜出生词的词义。如：
1
）
She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.
2
）
The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.
Ex.1. John asked the bank for a small loan so that he could repair his house.
old man was so decrepit that he could hardly walk.
felt miserable, for her parents both died weeks ago.
lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken .Sometimes the weakness was permanent.
So the player could never play the sport again.
A
going on for a long time
B that may be permitted